A walk through the stages of sleep | Sleeping with Science, a TED series

577,721 views ใƒป 2020-09-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Sleep is perhaps the single most effective thing
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๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
์ˆ˜๋ฉด์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ์™€ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜
00:02
that we can do each and every day
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๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์žฌ์„ค์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:05
to reset the health of our brain and our body.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
And by understanding a little bit more about what sleep is,
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ดํ•ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
00:12
perhaps we can get the chance to improve both the quantity and the quality
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์–‘์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
of our sleep.
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00:18
[Sleeping with Science]
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[์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๊ณผํ•™]
00:20
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
00:23
So, exactly what is sleep?
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด๋ž€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:26
Well, sleep, at least in human beings,
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด๋ž€
00:28
is subdivided into two main types.
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
On the one hand, we have non-rapid eye movement sleep,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธ‰์† ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์šด๋™์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ
00:35
or non-REM sleep for short.
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์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ๋น„๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ
00:37
But on the other hand,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
00:38
we have rapid eye movement sleep, or REM sleep.
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๊ธ‰์† ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
And non-REM sleep has been further subdivided
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์€ ๋„ค ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋” ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™” ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
into four separate stages,
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00:47
unimaginatively called stages one through four,
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1๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋ฉฐ
00:51
increasing in their depth of sleep.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
And as we go into those light stages of non-REM sleep,
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์–•์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ์ธ ๋น„๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
00:58
your heart rate starts to decrease,
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์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ฐ•๋™์ด ๋Š๋ ค์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:01
your body temperature starts to drop
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์ฒด์˜จ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ 
01:03
and your electrical brain wave activity starts to slow down.
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์ „๊ธฐ ๋‡ŒํŒŒ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋Š๋ ค์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
But as we move into deeper non-rapid eye movement sleep,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ๋น„๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ
3๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
01:11
stages three and four,
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01:13
now all of a sudden the brain erupts
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ
01:16
with these huge, big, powerful brain waves.
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๋‡ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
The body is actually recharged in terms of its immune system.
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๋ชธ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์žฌ์ถฉ์ „์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
We also get this beautiful overhaul of our cardiovascular system.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹ ์ฒด๋Š” ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
And, in fact, upstairs in the brain,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ƒ๋ถ€์—์„œ
01:32
deep non-REM sleep will help consolidate memories
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๊นŠ์€ ๋น„๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ 
๋‡Œ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ €์žฅ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
and fixate them into the neural architecture of the brain.
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01:39
So that's non-REM sleep.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด์ง€์š”.
01:42
But let's come on to REM sleep,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ธ ๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:44
which is the other main type of sleep.
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01:46
And it's during REM sleep when we principally have the most vivid,
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๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋™์•ˆ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜
01:51
the most hallucinogenic types of dreams.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊พธ๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:54
The brain wave activity actually starts to speed up again.
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๋‡ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋นจ๋ผ ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
It's during REM sleep that we receive almost a form of emotional first aid.
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๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ค‘์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ •์„œ์  ์‘๊ธ‰์ฒ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ
02:04
And it's also during REM sleep where we get a boost for creativity,
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๋˜ํ•œ,๋ ˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ค‘์— ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
that it stitches information together
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์ž๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ฌถ์–ด์ฃผ์–ด
02:12
so that we wake up with solutions
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์ด์ „์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:14
to previously difficult problems that we were facing.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ž ์—์„œ ๊นจ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
Coming back to these two types of sleep,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ ˜๊ณผ ๋น„๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
02:20
it turns out that non-REM and REM will play out
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž ์„ ์ž๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‡Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฐค์ƒˆ๋„๋ก
02:24
in a battle for brain domination throughout the night,
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๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋น„๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋‡Œ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:28
and that cerebral war is going to be won and lost
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์ด ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์€ 90๋ถ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์Šน๋ฆฌ์™€ ํŒจ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
02:33
every 90 minutes,
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02:34
and then it's going to be replayed every 90 minutes.
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90๋ถ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
And what this produces is a standard cycling architecture of human sleep,
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ˆœํ™˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ
ํ‘œ์ค€ 90๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
a standard 90-minute cycle.
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02:46
But what's different, however,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€
02:48
is that the ratio of non-REM to REM within those 90-minute cycles
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์ด 90๋ถ„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋น„๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด
02:54
changes as we move across the night,
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์ž ์„ ์ž๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
such that in the first half the night,
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ , ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์—๋Š”
02:59
the majority of those 90-minute cycles
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90๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
03:02
are comprised of lots of deep non-REM sleep,
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๊นŠ์€ ๋น„๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
particularly stages three and four of non-REM sleep.
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ํŠนํžˆ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
03:09
But as we push through to the second half of the night,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ํ›„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ๋Š”
03:13
now that seesaw balance actually shifts over,
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์‹œ์†Œ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด
03:17
and instead, most of those 90-minute cycles
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์ด 90๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
03:20
are comprised of a lot more rapid eye movement sleep, or dream sleep,
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์–•์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋น„๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
03:25
as well as stage-two non-REM sleep,
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๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ฆ‰, ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พธ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
that lighter form of non-REM sleep.
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03:30
And it turns out that there are implications
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
03:34
for understanding how sleep is structured in this way.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:38
Let's take someone who typically goes to bed at 10pm,
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฐค 10์‹œ์— ์ทจ์นจํ•ด์„œ
03:42
and they wake up at 6am,
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๋‹ค์Œ๋‚  6์‹œ์— ๊ธฐ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:44
so they have an eight-hour sleep window.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ 8์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:47
But this morning, they have to wake up early
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:50
for an early morning meeting,
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ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋“ 
03:52
or they want to get a jump start on the day
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ํ˜น์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:54
to get to the gym.
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03:55
And as a consequence, they have to wake up at 4am in the morning,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ธ 6์‹œ ๋Œ€์‹ 
03:59
rather than 6am in the morning.
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์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 4์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
04:02
How much sleep have they actually lost?
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ๋œ ์ทจํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
04:04
Two hours out of an eight-hour night of sleep
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8์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ค‘ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ชจ์ž๋ž€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฉด
04:07
means that they've lost 25 percent of their sleep.
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์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์–‘์˜ 25%๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:11
Well, yes and no.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งž๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
They have lost 25 percent of all of their sleep,
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ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์–‘์˜ 25%๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:17
but because REM sleep comes mostly in the second half of the night
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๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ํ›„๋ฐ˜์˜
04:21
and particularly in those last few hours,
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:23
they may have lost perhaps 50, 60, maybe even 70 percent
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50~60% ํ˜น์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด 70% ์ •๋„ ์žƒ์€ ๊ฑธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
of all of their REM sleep.
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์ „์ฒด ๋ ˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
So there are real consequences to understanding what sleep is
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
and how sleep is structured.
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04:37
And we'll learn all about the benefits of these different stages of sleep
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€
04:42
and the detriments that happen when we don't get enough of them
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” ์–ด๋–ค ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
04:45
in subsequent episodes.
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๋‹ค์ŒํŽธ์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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