The world's first crowdsourced space traffic monitoring system | Moriba Jah

54,093 views ใƒป 2019-08-06

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Hasan Mothaffar ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Ayman Mahmoud
00:13
I am an astrodynamicist --
0
13146
2381
ุฃู†ุง ุนุงู„ู…ู ุชุญุฑูŠูƒู ูู„ูŽูƒูŠู‘
00:15
you know, like that guy Rich Purnell in the movie "The Martian."
1
15551
3460
ู…ุซู„ู ุฐู„ูƒูŽ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูู… "ุฑูŠุชุด ุจูˆุฑู†ูŠู„" ููŠ ูู„ู… "ุงู„ู…ูŽุฑู‘ูŠุฎูŠู‘"
00:19
And it's my job to study and predict motion of objects in space.
2
19885
5877
ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉู ูˆุชูˆู‚ู‘ุน
ุญุฑูƒุฉู ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู…ู ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก.
ุญุงู„ูŠู‘ุงู‹ุŒ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู†ุชุงุจุนู ุญุฑูƒุฉูŽ ูˆุงุญุฏู ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‘
00:27
Currently we track about one percent of hazardous objects on orbit --
3
27172
5752
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู…ู ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฏูˆุฑู ุญูˆู„ูŽ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถู ููŠ ู…ุฏุงุฑุงุชู‡ุง.
00:33
hazardous to services like location,
4
33714
3117
ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ู„ุฎุฏู…ุงูุชู ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ูุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน
00:36
agriculture, banking,
5
36855
2350
ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุตุฑููŠุฉ
00:39
television and communications,
6
39229
1967
ุงู„ุชู„ูุงุฒู ูˆุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ุงุช
00:41
and soon -- very soon --
7
41220
1866
ูˆ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุฌุฏู‘ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุจุญุฏู‘ู ุฐุงุชูู‡.
00:43
even the internet itself.
8
43110
1673
00:45
Now these services are not protected from, roughly, half a million objects
9
45892
6197
ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุชู ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุญู…ูŠู‘ุฉ
ู…ู† ุฎุทูŽุฑู ู†ุตูู ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†ู ุฌุณู…
00:52
the size of a speck of paint
10
52113
2120
ุณูˆุงุกู‹ ูƒุงู† ุตุบูŠุฑุงู‹ ูƒุจู‚ุนุฉู ู…ู† ุทู„ุงุกุŒ ุฃูˆ ุถุฎู…ุงู‹ ูƒุจุงุตู ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู‘.
00:55
all the way to a school bus in size.
11
55060
2150
00:58
A speck of paint,
12
58398
1874
ุจู‚ุนุฉูŒ ู…ู† ุทู„ุงุก
01:00
traveling at the right speed,
13
60296
2855
ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ุจุงู„ุณู‘ุฑุนุฉู ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
01:03
impacting one of these objects,
14
63175
1558
ูˆุฃุซู‘ุฑุช ููŠ ุชู„ูƒูŽ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู…
01:04
could render it absolutely useless.
15
64757
2219
ูุชุฌูŽุนู„ูู‡ุง ุนุฏูŠู…ุฉูŽ ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉู ูƒู„ูŠู‘ุงู‹.
01:08
But we can't track things as small as a speck of paint.
16
68394
3925
ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ุชุชุจู‘ุนู ุญุฑูƒุฉู ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉู ูƒุจู‚ุนุฉู ุงู„ุทู„ุงุกุŒ
01:12
We can only track things as small as say, a smartphone.
17
72694
4164
ู†ุณุชุทูŠุนู ูู‚ุท ุชุชุจู‘ุน ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู…ู ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุญุฌู…ู ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู ุงู„ุฐูƒูŠ.
01:17
So of this half million objects that we should be concerned about,
18
77605
4866
ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู…ู ุงู„ุฎู…ุณู…ุฆุฉู ุฃู„ูู ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
01:22
we can only track about 26,000 of these objects.
19
82495
4157
ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุชุชุจู‘ุน ุญูˆุงู„ูŽูŠ 26000 ุฃู„ููŽ ุฌุณู…
01:26
And of these 26,000, only 2,000 actually work.
20
86676
5642
ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุฃู„ููŠ ุฌุณู…ู ู…ู†ู‡ุง.
01:33
Everything else
21
93805
1150
ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกู ุงู‘ุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุงูŠุงุช
01:35
is garbage.
22
95764
1150
01:38
That's a lot of garbage.
23
98481
1368
ูˆุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ู„ูƒู…ูŠู‘ุฉูŒ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
01:40
To make things a little bit worse,
24
100227
1928
ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทูŠู†ูŽ ุจู„ู‘ุฉ
01:43
most of what we launch into orbit never comes back.
25
103356
4069
ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‘ ู…ุนุธู…ูŽ ู…ุง ู†ุทู„ู‚ู‡ู ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก
ู„ุง ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุฃุจุฏุงู‹
01:49
We send the satellite in orbit,
26
109496
2611
ูู…ุซู„ุงู‹ุŒ ู†ุฑุณู„ู ู‚ู…ุฑุงู‹ ุตู†ุงุนูŠู‘ุงู‹
ููŠุชูˆู‚ู‘ู ุนู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูุŒ ูˆ ูŠู†ูุฐ ูˆู‚ูˆุฏู‡
01:52
it stops working, it runs out of fuel,
27
112131
2968
ูู†ุฑุณู„ ุดูŠุฆุงู‘ ุงู‘ุฎุฑุงู‘ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุถุงุก
01:55
and we send something else up ...
28
115123
2635
01:57
and then we send up something else ...
29
117782
2365
ู…ู„ุญูˆู‚ุงู‘ ุจุดูŠุกู ุงู‘ุฎุฑ
02:00
and then something else.
30
120171
1491
ูุดูŠุกู ุงู‘ุฎุฑ ุบูŠุฑู‡. ูˆ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุญูŠู†ู ูˆ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
02:01
And every once in a while,
31
121686
1529
02:03
two of these things will collide with each other
32
123239
2530
ุณูŠุชุตุงุฏู…ู ุฌุณู…ุงู†ู ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ู ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกู ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฑุณู„ู‡ุง
02:05
or one of these things will explode,
33
125793
1771
ุฃูˆ ุณูŠู†ูุฌุฑู ูˆุงุญุฏูŒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
02:07
or even worse,
34
127588
1195
ุฃูˆ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ: ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุฏู…ู‘ุฑ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู… ู‚ู…ุฑูŽู‡ู ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠู‘
02:08
somebody might just happen to destroy one of their satellites on orbit,
35
128807
3685
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŽ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑ
02:13
and this generates many, many more pieces,
36
133595
3659
ู…ูˆู„ู‘ุฏุงู‹ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏูŽ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุตู‘ุบูŠุฑุฉ
02:17
most of which also never come back.
37
137278
2602
ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู„ุง ุชุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
02:20
Now these things are not just randomly scattered in orbit.
38
140748
3760
ู‡ุฐู‡ู ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกู ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุจุนุซุฑุฉู‹ ุจุดูƒู„ู ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠูู‘ ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก.
02:25
It turns out that given the curvature of space-time,
39
145715
3245
ูˆ ุจูุถู„ู ุงู†ุญู†ุงุกู ุงู„ุฒู…ูƒุงู† (ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน)
02:28
there are ideal locations
40
148984
1962
ูŠูˆุฌุฏู ู‡ู†ุงูƒูŽ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†ูŒ ู…ุซุงู„ูŠู‘ุฉ ู„ูˆุถุนู ุจุนุถู ุงู„ุฃู‚ู…ุงุฑู ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠู‘ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง
02:30
where we put some of these satellites --
41
150970
1986
02:32
think of these as space highways.
42
152980
2751
ุณุชูƒูˆู†ู ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉู ุทุฑู‚ู ุณุฑูŠุนุฉู ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก
02:37
Very much like highways on earth,
43
157344
1889
ูˆ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ
02:39
these space highways can only take up a maximum capacity of traffic
44
159257
4719
ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ู ุงุณุชูŠุนุงุจูŽ ุญุฏู ู…ุนูŠู‘ู†ู ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉู ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ
02:44
to sustain space-safe operations.
45
164000
3780
ู„ุชุฃู…ูŠู†ู ุณู„ุงู…ุฉู ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠู‘ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก.
ูˆ ุจุฎู„ุงูู ุงู„ุทู‘ุฑู‚ุงุชู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ
02:49
Unlike highways on earth,
46
169014
2336
02:51
there are actually no space traffic rules.
47
171374
2212
ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏู ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†ู ู…ุฑูˆุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก--
02:53
None whatsoever, OK?
48
173610
1933
ูˆู„ุง ุฃูŠู‘ุฉู ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŸ
02:57
Wow.
49
177662
1150
ุนุฌุจุงู‘
03:00
What could possibly go wrong with that?
50
180450
1945
ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ุฃู† ูŠุฌุนู„ูŽ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑูŽ ุณูŠู‘ุฆุฉุŸ
03:02
(Laughter)
51
182419
1367
(ุถูŽุญููƒ)
03:04
Now, what would be really nice
52
184482
2315
ุญู‚ู‘ุงู‹ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌู…ูŠู„ุงู‘ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ูุถุงุก
03:06
is if we had something like a space traffic map,
53
186821
3638
03:10
like a Waze for space that I could look up
54
190483
3023
ู…ุซู„ูŽ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ "Waze" ู„ู„ุฎุฑุงุฆุท
03:13
and see what the current traffic conditions are in space,
55
193530
2767
ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ุชุงุจุนูŽ ุญุงู„ุฉูŽ ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠู‘ุฉู ููŠ ุงู„ุบุถุงุก
03:16
maybe even predict these.
56
196321
1434
ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุฃูŠุถุงู‘ ุชูˆู‚ู‘ุนู‡ุง
03:17
The problem with that, however,
57
197779
2103
ู„ูƒู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉูŽ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ:
03:19
is that ask five different people,
58
199906
3362
ุงุณุฃู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉูŽ ุฃุดุฎุงุตู ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู†
03:24
"What's going on in orbit?
59
204337
1403
"ูƒูŠู ู‡ูˆ ูˆุถุนู ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุงุชู ุญูˆู„ูŽ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŸ
03:25
Where are things going?"
60
205764
1215
ู…ุง ู‡ูˆูŽ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ู‡ุงุŸ"
03:27
and you're probably going to get 10 different answers.
61
207003
2673
ูˆุณุชุญุตู„ูุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุบู„ุจูุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑู ุฅุฌุงุจุงุชู ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
03:29
Why is that?
62
209700
1382
ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
03:31
It's because information about things on orbit is not commonly shared either.
63
211106
4810
ู„ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชูŽ ุญูˆู„ูŽ ู…ุง ูŠุฏูˆุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก
ู„ุง ุชุดุงุฑูƒู ุจูŠู†ูŽ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…
03:37
So what if we had a globally accessible,
64
217187
2495
ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ูŽ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠู‘ุฉ ูุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
03:39
open and transparent space traffic information system
65
219706
3348
ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุธุงู…ู ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชู ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู ูˆุดูู‘ุงู
ูŠูุทู„ูุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ุฉู ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก ูˆู…ูˆู‚ุนู ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกู ููŠู‡
03:43
that can inform the public of where everything is located
66
223078
3015
03:46
to try to keep space safe and sustainable?
67
226117
2980
ู„ุฅุจู‚ุงุก ุงู„ูุถุงุกู ุงู‘ู…ู†ุงู‘ ูˆ ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุงู‘.
ูˆ ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู ู†ุธุงู…ู ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู‡ุฐุง
03:49
And what if the system could be used
68
229121
3604
03:52
to form evidence-based norms of behavior --
69
232749
2977
ู„ุจู†ุงุก ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏู ู…ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฏู„ู‘ุฉ ุชุญุฏุฏ ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
03:55
these space traffic rules?
70
235750
1572
ูƒู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู…ุฑูˆุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก.
03:57
So I developed ASTRIAGraph,
71
237830
2159
ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูˆู‘ุฑุช ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ "ASTRIAGraph"
04:00
the world's first crowdsourced, space traffic monitoring system
72
240013
3765
ุฃูˆู„ู ู†ุธุงู…ู ุฅุจู„ุงุบู ุฌู…ุงู‡ูŠุฑูŠู‘ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉู ุญุฑูƒุฉู ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุกุŒ
04:03
at the University of Texas at Austin.
73
243802
1794
ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ (ุชููƒุณุงุณ) ููŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ (ุฃูˆุณุชูŠู†)
04:06
ASTRIAGraph combines multiple sources of information from around the globe --
74
246694
5282
ูŠุฌู…ุนู (ASTRIAGraph) ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชู ู…ู† ู…ุตุงุฏุฑูŽ ุนุฏู‘ุฉู ุญูˆู„ูŽ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
04:12
government, industry and academia --
75
252000
1917
ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุชูุŒ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุงุชูุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠุฉ
04:13
and represents this in a common framework that anybody can access today.
76
253941
4017
ูˆ ูŠู…ุซู‘ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชู ููŠ ุฅุทุงุฑู ู…ุดุชุฑูƒู
ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนู ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุนู ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ูŽ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตู‘ูˆุฑุฉุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุฑุคูŠุฉู ุณุชุฉู ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†ูŽ ุฃู„ู ุฌุณู…ู
04:19
Here, you can see 26,000 objects orbiting the earth,
77
259249
4510
ูŠุฏูˆุฑู ุญูˆู„ูŽ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
04:23
multiple opinions,
78
263783
1829
ุงุฑุงุกูŒ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉุŒ ูˆ ุชุชุญุฏู‘ุซู ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉู ุงู‘ู†ูŠู‘ุงู‹.
04:25
and it gets updated in near real time.
79
265636
2473
04:28
But back to my problem of space traffic map:
80
268447
3606
ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ุŒ ุจุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉู ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุชูŠ ุญูˆู„ูŽ ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉู ุญุฑูƒุฉู ุงู„ูุถุงุก
ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชู ู…ูู‚ูŽุฏู‘ู…ุฉู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉู ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‘ุฉ ูู‚ุทุŸ
04:32
What if you only had information from the US government?
81
272077
3369
04:36
Well, in that case, that's what your space traffic map would look like.
82
276018
3374
ุญุณู†ุงู‘ุŒ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒูŽ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉู ุณุชุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉู ู‡ูƒุฐุง
04:39
But what do the Russians think?
83
279989
2390
ูˆู„ูƒู†ุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู‘ุฑุงุก ุงู„ุฑู‘ูˆุณุŸ
ุชุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉู ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉู‹ ุจุดูƒู„ู ูƒุจูŠุฑ
04:45
That looks significantly different.
84
285343
1950
04:47
Who's right? Who's wrong?
85
287881
2153
ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุญู‚ู‘ุŸ ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุทุฆุŸ
ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจู ุฃู† ุฃุตุฏู‘ู‚ู‡ุŸ
04:50
What should I believe?
86
290058
1405
04:51
What could I trust?
87
291487
1360
ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ุงู„ูˆุซูˆู‚ ุจู‡ุŸ
04:52
This is part of the issue.
88
292871
1464
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุฆู„ุฉู ุฌุฒุกูŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
04:55
In the absence of this framework to monitor space-actor behavior,
89
295864
6777
ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑู ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ
ู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉู ุณู„ูˆูƒู ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู…ู ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก
05:03
to monitor activity in space --
90
303421
2273
ูˆ ู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉู ุงู„ุฃู†ุดุทุฉู ููŠู‡ุŒ ุญูŠุซู ุชูˆุฌุฏู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู…
05:05
where these objects are located --
91
305718
1751
05:07
to reconcile these inconsistencies
92
307493
2937
ู„ู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ู ุจูŠู† ุชู†ุงู‚ุถู ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
05:10
and make this knowledge commonplace,
93
310454
2456
ูˆ ุฌุนู„ูู‡ุง ู…ุชุงุญุฉู‘ ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุนุŒ
05:12
we actually risk losing the ability
94
312934
3621
ู†ุญู†ู ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉู ู†ูˆุงุฌู‡ู ุฎุทุฑ ูู‚ุฏุงู† ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
05:17
to use space for humanity's benefit.
95
317580
3046
ุนู„ู‰ ุชูˆุธูŠูู ุงู„ูุถุงุกู ู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉู ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠู‘ุฉ
05:22
Thank you very much.
96
322393
1159
ุดูƒุฑุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‘ ู„ูƒู….
05:23
(Applause and cheers)
97
323576
4630
(ุชุตููŠู‚ูŒ ูˆ ู‡ุชุงู)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7