The world's first crowdsourced space traffic monitoring system | Moriba Jah
53,590 views ・ 2019-08-06
請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。
譯者: Helen Chang
審譯者: Marssi Draw
00:13
I am an astrodynamicist --
0
13146
2381
我是個天體動力學家,
00:15
you know, like that guy Rich Purnell
in the movie "The Martian."
1
15551
3460
就像電影《絕地救援》中的
李察·普奈爾。
00:19
And it's my job to study and predict
motion of objects in space.
2
19885
5877
我研究和預測物體在太空中的運動。
00:27
Currently we track about one percent
of hazardous objects on orbit --
3
27172
5752
目前我們追蹤大約 1%
在軌道上的危險物體,
00:33
hazardous to services like location,
4
33714
3117
它們會危害衛星定位、
00:36
agriculture, banking,
5
36855
2350
農業、銀行、
00:39
television and communications,
6
39229
1967
電視和通信等服務,
00:41
and soon -- very soon --
7
41220
1866
很快也會危害到網際網路本身。
00:43
even the internet itself.
8
43110
1673
00:45
Now these services are not protected
from, roughly, half a million objects
9
45892
6197
這些服務也許會
被大約五十萬種物品危害,
00:52
the size of a speck of paint
10
52113
2120
這些東西的大小可能從一滴油漆
00:55
all the way to a school bus in size.
11
55060
2150
到一台校車。
00:58
A speck of paint,
12
58398
1874
如果一點漆的行進速度恰好,
01:00
traveling at the right speed,
13
60296
2855
它撞上其中的任一物體
01:03
impacting one of these objects,
14
63175
1558
01:04
could render it absolutely useless.
15
64757
2219
都可能令其作廢。
01:08
But we can't track things
as small as a speck of paint.
16
68394
3925
但我們無法追蹤
像油漆這樣小的東西,
01:12
We can only track things
as small as say, a smartphone.
17
72694
4164
只能追蹤像智慧手機
這樣大小的東西。
01:17
So of this half million objects
that we should be concerned about,
18
77605
4866
因此在應該注意的五十萬個對象中,
01:22
we can only track
about 26,000 of these objects.
19
82495
4157
我們只能追蹤其中大約兩萬六千個,
01:26
And of these 26,000,
only 2,000 actually work.
20
86676
5642
而這兩萬六千個當中
只有兩千個仍有作用。
01:33
Everything else
21
93805
1150
其他一切都是垃圾。
01:35
is garbage.
22
95764
1150
01:38
That's a lot of garbage.
23
98481
1368
很多垃圾。
01:40
To make things a little bit worse,
24
100227
1928
更糟的是
01:43
most of what we launch into orbit
never comes back.
25
103356
4069
我們射上軌道的大部分東西
不會回地球。
01:49
We send the satellite in orbit,
26
109496
2611
我們將衛星送入軌道,
01:52
it stops working, it runs out of fuel,
27
112131
2968
它壞了或燃料耗盡了,
01:55
and we send something else up ...
28
115123
2635
我們就發射其他的......
01:57
and then we send up something else ...
29
117782
2365
再發射其他的......
02:00
and then something else.
30
120171
1491
又再發射其他的。
02:01
And every once in a while,
31
121686
1529
每隔一段時間,
02:03
two of these things
will collide with each other
32
123239
2530
有些可能會相撞
02:05
or one of these things will explode,
33
125793
1771
或爆炸;
02:07
or even worse,
34
127588
1195
甚至更糟糕的是
02:08
somebody might just happen to destroy
one of their satellites on orbit,
35
128807
3685
軌道上的衛星被人摧毀,
02:13
and this generates many, many more pieces,
36
133595
3659
產生更多的碎片,
02:17
most of which also never come back.
37
137278
2602
大部分永遠不會回到地面上。
02:20
Now these things are not
just randomly scattered in orbit.
38
140748
3760
這些東西不僅隨機散落在軌道中;
02:25
It turns out that given
the curvature of space-time,
39
145715
3245
根據時空的曲率,
02:28
there are ideal locations
40
148984
1962
存在著一些放置衛星的理想位置,
02:30
where we put some of these satellites --
41
150970
1986
02:32
think of these as space highways.
42
152980
2751
可將其視為太空公路。
02:37
Very much like highways on earth,
43
157344
1889
這些太空公路非常像
地球上的高速公路,
02:39
these space highways can only take up
a maximum capacity of traffic
44
159257
4719
它們佔用最大的交通容量
以安全地維持太空營運。
02:44
to sustain space-safe operations.
45
164000
3780
02:49
Unlike highways on earth,
46
169014
2336
但它與地球上的高速公路不同,
02:51
there are actually no space traffic rules.
47
171374
2212
它們沒有實際的太空交通規則。
02:53
None whatsoever, OK?
48
173610
1933
沒有,知道嗎?
02:57
Wow.
49
177662
1150
哇。
03:00
What could possibly go wrong with that?
50
180450
1945
能出什麼差錯呢?
03:02
(Laughter)
51
182419
1367
(笑聲)
03:04
Now, what would be really nice
52
184482
2315
如果我們有太空的交通地圖就很棒,
03:06
is if we had something
like a space traffic map,
53
186821
3638
03:10
like a Waze for space that I could look up
54
190483
3023
就像我可以查太空版的位智(Waze),
03:13
and see what the current
traffic conditions are in space,
55
193530
2767
看看當前的太空交通狀況,
03:16
maybe even predict these.
56
196321
1434
甚至還可以預測交通。
03:17
The problem with that, however,
57
197779
2103
然而問題是
03:19
is that ask five different people,
58
199906
3362
問五個不同的人:
03:24
"What's going on in orbit?
59
204337
1403
「軌道上發生了什麼事?在哪裡?」
03:25
Where are things going?"
60
205764
1215
03:27
and you're probably going to get
10 different answers.
61
207003
2673
可能會得到十個不同的答案。
03:29
Why is that?
62
209700
1382
為什麼呢?
03:31
It's because information about things
on orbit is not commonly shared either.
63
211106
4810
是因為軌道上物體的
相關訊息沒被共享。
03:37
So what if we had a globally accessible,
64
217187
2495
那麼,如果我們有個
可供全球讀取、開放和透明的
太空交通訊息系統,
03:39
open and transparent
space traffic information system
65
219706
3348
03:43
that can inform the public
of where everything is located
66
223078
3015
能夠告知公眾一切所在的位置,
03:46
to try to keep space safe and sustainable?
67
226117
2980
得以確保太空的安全和永續發展呢?
03:49
And what if the system could be used
68
229121
3604
如果可以透過運用該系統
03:52
to form evidence-based
norms of behavior --
69
232749
2977
來建立以實證為基礎的
太空交通規則行為規範呢?
03:55
these space traffic rules?
70
235750
1572
03:57
So I developed ASTRIAGraph,
71
237830
2159
因此,我開發了 ASTRIAGraph,
04:00
the world's first crowdsourced,
space traffic monitoring system
72
240013
3765
這是位在德州大學奧斯汀分校,
世上第一個以群眾外包
完成的太空交通監控系統。
04:03
at the University of Texas at Austin.
73
243802
1794
04:06
ASTRIAGraph combines multiple sources
of information from around the globe --
74
246694
5282
ASTRIAGraph 結合
來自全球各地的多種訊息來源——
04:12
government, industry and academia --
75
252000
1917
政府、工業和學術界——
04:13
and represents this in a common framework
that anybody can access today.
76
253941
4017
建在人人都可以讀取的共同框架中。
04:19
Here, you can see 26,000 objects
orbiting the earth,
77
259249
4510
在這裡看得到圍繞地球運行的
兩萬六千個物體、
04:23
multiple opinions,
78
263783
1829
源自多個看法,
04:25
and it gets updated in near real time.
79
265636
2473
並且近乎即時更新。
04:28
But back to my problem
of space traffic map:
80
268447
3606
回到我的太空交通地圖問題:
04:32
What if you only had information
from the US government?
81
272077
3369
如果只收得到美國政府
提供的訊息會怎樣?
04:36
Well, in that case, that's what
your space traffic map would look like.
82
276018
3374
那麼,太空交通地圖就是這模樣。
04:39
But what do the Russians think?
83
279989
2390
俄國人的呢?
04:45
That looks significantly different.
84
285343
1950
看起來迥異。
04:47
Who's right? Who's wrong?
85
287881
2153
誰對誰錯?
04:50
What should I believe?
86
290058
1405
我應該相信哪個?我能夠相信什麼?
04:51
What could I trust?
87
291487
1360
04:52
This is part of the issue.
88
292871
1464
這是部分問題。
04:55
In the absence of this framework
to monitor space-actor behavior,
89
295864
6777
在欠缺監測太空行為的框架——
05:03
to monitor activity in space --
90
303421
2273
無法監測太空活動
和物體所在位置——
05:05
where these objects are located --
91
305718
1751
05:07
to reconcile these inconsistencies
92
307493
2937
若沒調和這些不一致性
05:10
and make this knowledge commonplace,
93
310454
2456
和讓這知識觸手可及,
05:12
we actually risk losing the ability
94
312934
3621
我們真的有可能失去
利用太空來造福人類的能力。
05:17
to use space for humanity's benefit.
95
317580
3046
05:22
Thank you very much.
96
322393
1159
非常感謝你們。
05:23
(Applause and cheers)
97
323576
4630
(掌聲)
New videos
Original video on YouTube.com
關於本網站
本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。