Who were Las Mariposas, and why were they murdered? - Lisa Krause

譯者: 【1002熊詩芸】 Jenny 審譯者: Amanda Zhu

From 1930 to 1961, thousands of people

1930 年到 1961 年

多明尼加共和國 在拉斐爾特魯希略的獨裁統治下

were imprisoned, tortured, and murdered

under Rafael Trujillo’s dictatorship in the Dominican Republic.

成千上萬的人被監禁、凌虐和殺害

Three sisters would go on to lead an underground revolution.

有一家三姐妹領導地下革命

But while their courage inspired many, it threatened the man in power,

她們的的勇氣鼓舞了許多人 但也威脅到了當權者

and their lives would come to a tragic early end.

她們的生命也以悲慘的方式提早結束

Trujillo rose through the military ranks during the United States’ occupation

特魯希略在美國佔領 多明尼加共和國期間

of the Dominican Republic.

從軍隊中崛起

He assumed power in 1930 through a coup and rigged election

1930 年，他藉由政變和 操縱選舉謀權篡位

and created a system that enriched himself and his allies.

並為自己和盟友創建了一個致富的政體

Trujillo’s family alone controlled three-fifths

光是特魯希略家族

就掌控了全國五分之三的 國內生產總值

of the country’s gross domestic product,

including monopolies over salt, beef, and newspapers.

包括對鹽、牛肉和報紙的壟斷

He renamed the country's capital after himself

他以自己的名字命名首都

and expected his portrait to be displayed in every household.

並要求每家每戶都懸掛他的肖像

And he committed atrocities, including the massacre of thousands of Haitians.

他犯下多起暴行 包括屠殺數以千計的海地人

All the while, a secret police force maintained his power

其間他不斷以一支秘密警察部隊

by targeting opponents at home and abroad.

透過打擊國內外的反對派 來維持他的權力

The Mirabal sisters grew up in a middle class family in the countryside.

米拉巴爾姐妹生長在鄉間的 一個中產階級家庭

Their parents sent the four sisters—

她們的父母把四姐妹

Patria, Dedé, Minerva, and María Teresa—

帕特里亞、德德、密涅瓦 和瑪麗亞特蕾莎

to one of the country’s best boarding schools.

送到國內數一數二的寄宿學校就讀

There, Minerva met a classmate whose relative was killed on Trujillo's orders.

在那裡，密涅瓦遇到了一個同學 他的親戚在特魯希略的命令下被殺

She began seeking out strong voices of opposition

於是她開始尋找強烈的反對聲援

and discussing issues of oppression and justice with her sisters.

並與她的姐妹討論 強權壓迫和正義的議題

While Dedé stayed out of politics,

除了德德不參與政治

Minerva, Patria, and María Teresa became invested in changing their country.

密涅瓦、帕特里亞和瑪麗亞特蕾莎 則致力於改變她們的國家

However, the Mirabal family’s safe standing soon collapsed.

然而，米拉巴爾一家安全的景況

很快就瓦解了

In 1949, they were invited to one of Trujillo’s parties,

1949 年，她們受邀參加 特魯希略的一場宴會

which served as his personal hunting grounds for young women.

這是他為了在年輕女孩中獵豔所舉辦的

Declining the invitation was not an option.

拒絕邀請是不可能的

Despite Minerva’s attempts to avoid him at the reception,

儘管密涅瓦在宴會上試圖避開他

she eventually danced with Trujillo but rejected his advances.

至終她還是與特魯希略共舞 但拒絕了他的求愛

The Mirabal family left the party early,

米拉巴爾一家提早離開了宴會

which was seldom done and considered disrespectful to the dictator.

很少有人這樣做 並且被認為是對獨裁者的不尊重

Their father, Enrique, was imprisoned and family property was confiscated.

她們的父親恩里克被監禁 家庭財產被沒收

Minerva graduated with highest honors

密涅瓦以最高榮譽畢業

as one of the first women in the country to receive a law degree.

是全國首批獲得法律學位的女性之一

But she was denied state authorization to practice—

但她沒有獲得執業的授權

a process Trujillo oversaw.

這是特魯希略親自干預的結果

While studying, Minerva met Manolo Tavárez Justo.

就學期間，密涅瓦認識了 馬諾洛塔瓦雷斯胡斯托

He shared her political convictions and the two married in 1955.

他和密涅瓦有著相同的政治信念 兩人並於 1955 年結婚

They watched as armed revolutions launched throughout Latin America.

他們目睹了在拉丁美洲各地 爆發的武裝革命

After Trujillo crushed an attempt to overthrow him in 1959,

在 1959 年特魯希略鎮壓了一場 企圖推翻他的行動後

they began to prepare a revolution of their own.

他們著手籌組自己的革命

The Mirabal sisters and their husbands formed the June 14th movement

米拉巴爾姐妹和她們的丈夫 與許多其他來自中產階級的人

along with many others from the middle class.

一起組成了 6 月 14 日運動

Codenamed Las Mariposas, or the Butterflies,

三姐妹代號為「拉斯馬里波薩斯］ 也就是蝴蝶的意思

the three sisters organized and attended clandestine meetings

她們組織並參加了秘密會議

and distributed pamphlets detailing Trujillo’s violations.

並發送詳細描述特魯希略 違法行徑的小冊子

In January of 1960,

1960 年 1 月

they called representatives together from all over the country

他們召集了全國各地的代表

to establish the movement’s structure and prepare an uprising.

計畫行動架構並準備揭竿起義

But it was not to be.

然而事情進展不如預期

Trujillo had spies everywhere.

特魯希略到處佈有眼線

Soon, many revolutionaries, including Minerva and María Teresa, were arrested.

很快地許多革命家， 包含密涅瓦和瑪麗亞特蕾莎

都被逮捕了

During this time, Patria found creative ways of transmitting information

在此期間，帕特里亞找到了

讓被監禁的反對者 相互傳遞資訊的創意作法

to and from imprisoned rebels.

Fearful of losing the support of the U.S. and the Church,

由於害怕失去美國和教會的支持

which had recently begun to criticize him,

因其最近開始傳出批評浪潮

Trujillo released the sisters while leaving their husbands imprisoned.

特魯希略釋放了兩姐妹 但仍持續監禁她們的丈夫

But they continued to threaten his regime’s stability— and his ego.

但她們仍繼續威脅著 特魯希略政權的穩定

以及他的自尊

On November 25th,

11 月 25 日

as the three sisters were returning from visiting two of their imprisoned husbands,

三姐妹探望過兩個被監禁的丈夫後

Trujillo’s men stopped their car.

特魯希略的手下攔住了她們的車

The sisters, along with their driver, Rufino de la Cruz,

三姐妹和她們的司機魯菲諾德拉克魯茲

were asphyxiated and beaten to death.

分別因窒息及被毆打致死

The men rolled the Jeep off a hill to frame the murder as a car accident.

這些人將吉普車推下山崖 企圖將謀殺掩飾為車禍

Patria was 36, Minerva was 33, and María Teresa was 25.

當時帕特里亞 36 歲、密涅瓦 33 歲 瑪麗亞特蕾莎 25 歲

But Trujillo's plan to silence the Mirabal sisters

但特魯希略想讓米拉巴爾姐妹噤聲

and stabilize his regime backfired.

並穩定政權的計謀事與願違

Much of the public wasn’t fooled by the flimsy coverup.

社會大眾並沒有 被這種草率的掩蓋所欺騙

The international community condemned the assassination.

國際社會譴責了這次暗殺

And the U.S. closed its Dominican embassy

美國關閉了多米尼加大使館

and secretly invested in the anti-Trujillo movement.

並暗中投入反特魯希略行動

Months later, former members of the Dominican military

幾個月後，前多明尼加軍方的成員 殺死了這位獨裁者

killed the dictator, bringing his violent, 31-year reign to an end.

終結了他長達 31 年的暴力統治

Thanks to their family, especially their surviving sister, Dedé,

多虧了米拉巴爾一家 尤其是她們倖存的妹妹德德

the legacy of the Mirabal sisters would surpass the clutches of Trujillo’s tyranny

米拉巴爾姐妹所遺留下來的影響 超越特魯希略暴政的控制

even long after their deaths.

即使在她們身故很久之後

Today, the Mirabal sisters are national heroes

現今，拉巴爾姐妹是民族英雄

with monuments and honors commemorating their struggle.

有紀念碑和榮譽來紀念她們的奮戰

In 1999, the United Nations declared November 25th,

1999 年，聯合國宣佈 將 11 月 25 日

the anniversary of their deaths,

也就是她們的逝世紀念日

the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women.

定為［國際終止婦女受暴日」

Their courageous fight for justice has inspired generations.

她們為正義而戰的英勇事蹟 激勵了世世代代