Why should you read Charles Dickens? - Iseult Gillespie

Translator: Arofat Akhundjanova Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

The starving orphan seeking a second helping of gruel.

Och qolgan yetim xo’jaynidan yana suyuq bo'tqa berishni so'raydi.

The spinster wasting away in her tattered wedding dress.

Qari qiz butun hayotini uvadasi chiqqan to'y libosida o'tkazadi.

The stone-hearted miser plagued by the ghost of Christmas past.

Toshyurak xasis O'tgan Rojdestvo Ruhidan xalos bo'lishga harakat qiladi.

More than a century after his death,

Yozuvchi vafotiga yuz yildan oshgan bo'lsa-da,

these remain recognizable figures from the work of Charles Dickens.

Charlz Dikkens qahramonlari hali ham juda mashhur.

So striking is his body of work that it gave rise to its own adjective.

Dikkens ijodi shu qadar o’ziga xoski, bejizga “dikkenscha uslub” atamasi

But what are the features of Dickens's writing that make it so special?

paydo bo'lmagan. Ammo muallif uslubining o'ziga xosligi nimada?

Dickens’s fiction brims with anticipation

Dikkens nasri oldindan sezish, qayg’uli sahnalar, voqea-

through brooding settings, plot twists, and mysteries.

larning kutilmaganda burilish yasashi va jumboqli vaziyatlar bilan ajralib turadi.

These features of his work kept his audience wanting more.

Bu xususiyatlarning barchasi kitobxonlar e'tiborini tortadi.

When first published, his stories were serialized,

Uning dastlabki hikoyalari arzon adabiy jurnallarda

meaning they were released a few chapters at a time in affordable literary journals

bobma-bob chop etilgan, keyinchalik esa

and only later reprinted as books.

alohida kitob shaklida nashr etilgan.

This prompted fevered speculation over the cliffhangers

Odamlar u asar qanday yakun topishini oldindan bilib,

and revelations he devised.

voqealar rivojini yozgan deb gumon qilishgan.

Serialization not only made fiction available to a wider audience

Hikoyalarni bo'lib-bo'lib chop etish kitobxonlar doirasini kengaytirgan,

and kept them reading,

ularning asarga bo'lgan

but increased the hype around the author himself.

qiziqishini oshirgan va muallif haqidagi shov-shuvlarni avj oldirgan.

Dickens became particularly popular for his wit,

Dikkens zukkoligi bilan ayniqsa mashhur bo'lib,

which he poured into quirky characters and satiric scenarios.

g'ayritabiiy qahramonlar va kulgili sahnalar yaratadi.

His characters exhibit the sheer absurdity of human behavior,

Dikkens asar personajlari orqali inson xulq-atvorining bema'niligini hajv qilib,

and their names often personify traits or social positions,

ko'pincha qahramonlar ismlarida ularning fe'l-atvori hamda ijtimoiy mavqeini

like the downtrodden Bob Cratchit,

aks ettiradi. Masalan, xo'rlangan Bob Kretchit,

the groveling Uriah Heep,

xushomadgo'y Uray Xip,

and the cheery Septimus Crisparkle.

xushchaqchaq Septimus Krisparkl.

Dickens set these colorful characters against intricate social backdrops,

Bu o'ziga xos qahramonlar yozuvchi davri aks etgan

which mimic the society he lived in.

murakkab ijtimoiy muhitga ro'baro' qilinadi. Masalan,

For instance, he often considered

muallif sanoat inqilobi natijasida

the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution.

odamlar turmushida yuz bergan o'zgarishlar haqida ko'p yozadi.

During this period,

Bu davrda

the lower classes experienced sordid working and living conditions.

quyi tabaqa vakillari og'ir sharoitlarda kun ko'radi.

Dickens himself experienced this hardship as a child

Bolaligida otasi qarzdorlar qamoqxonasiga yuborilgach,

when he was forced to work in a boot blacking factory

etikmoy ishlab chiqaruvchi fabrikada ishlashga majbur bo'lgan

after his father was sent to debtors' prison.

Dikkensning o'zi bu sinovlarni boshidan o'tkazadi.

This influenced his depiction of the Marshalsea prison in Little Dorrit,

Buning ta'sirida "Jajji Dorrit" asaridagi Marshalsi qamoqxonasi yaratiladi.

where the titular character cares for her convict father.

Roman bosh qahramoni jazoga hukm etilgan otasiga g'amxo'rlik qiladi.

Prisons, orphanages, or slums may seem grim settings for a story,

Qamoqxona, yetimxona va xarobalar roman uchun chiroyli manzara

but they allowed Dickens to shed light

bo'lmasligi mumkin, ammo Dikkens

on how his society's most invisible people lived.

ular orqali jamiyatdagi soyada qolgan kishilar hayotini yoritib beradi.

In Nicholas Nickleby,

"Nikolas Niklbi" romanida

Nicholas takes a job with the schoolmaster Wackford Squeers.

Nikolas maktab egasi Vakford Skvirsnikiga ishga kiradi.

He soon realizes that Squeers is running a scam

Tez orada u Skvirsning fribgarligini tushunib yetadi.

where he takes unwanted children from their parents for a fee

U kambag'al bolalarni ota-onalaridan sotib olib,

and subjects them to violence and deprivation.

maktabda ularni zo'ravonlik va yo'qsillikka mahkum etadi.

Oliver Twist also deals with the plight of children in the care of the state,

"Oliver Tvist" ham davlat qaramog'idagi bolalarning og'ir ahvolini hikoya qiladi.

illustrating the brutal conditions of the workhouse

Romanda shafqatsiz sharoitlarda ishlashga

in which Oliver pleads with Mr. Bumble for food.

majbur Oliver janob Bamblga ovqat berishini so'rab yolvoradi.

When he flees to London, he becomes ensnared in a criminal underworld.

Londonga qochib kelgach, u jinoyat olamiga tushib qoladi. Bu asarlarda

These stories frequently portray Victorian life

Qirolicha Viktoriya davrining ko'rimsiz, axloqiy tanazzulga

as grimy, corrupt, and cruel.

yuz tutgan, shafqatsiz muhiti tasvirlanadi.

But Dickens also saw his time as one in which old traditions

Dikkens bu davrda ko'plab qadimiy urf-odatlar yo'qola

were fading away.

boshlaganiga guvoh bo'ladi.

London was becoming the incubator of the modern world

London sanoat, tijorat va ijtimoiy hayotdagi

through new patterns in industry, trade, and social mobility.

o'zgarishlar tufayli zamonaviy dunyo inkubatoriga aylanadi.

Dickens's London is therefore a dualistic space:

Dikkens Londonni ikki yoqlama tasavvur etadi.

a harsh world that is simultaneously filled with wonder and possibility.

U berahm, ammo mo'jiza va imkoniyatlarga to'la shahar sifatida namoyon bo’ladi.

For instance, the enigma of Great Expectations

Masalan, "Katta umidlar" romani sujet chizig'ining

centers around the potential of Pip,

murakkabligi shundaki, noma'lum shaxs Pip ismli

an orphan plucked from obscurity by an anonymous benefactor

yetim bolaga vasiylik qilib, uni jamiyatning yuqori qatlamiga olib kiradi,

and propelled into high society.

uning qarshisida yangi imkoniyatlar eshigini ochadi.

In his search for purpose,

Hayotdan maqsad izlagan Pip

Pip becomes the victim of other people’s ambitions for him

o'zgalarning xohish-istaklari qurboniga aylanadi va

and must negotiate with a shadowy cast of characters.

shubhali kishilar bilan aloqa qilishiga to'g'ri keladi.

Like many of Dickens’s protagonists,

Dikkensning ko'plab qahramonlari singari

poor Pip's position is constantly destabilized,

bechora Pip ham taqdir o'yinlariga ro'baro' keladi.

just one of the reasons why reading Dickens

Shu bois Dikkensni o'qish

is the best of times for the reader,

kitobxon uchun maroqli,

while being the worst of times for his characters.

ammo uning qahramonlari uchun og'ir sinovdir.

Dickens typically offered clear resolution by the end of his novels,

Dikkens odatda romanlari oxirida jumboq yechimini keltiradi,

– with the exception of The Mystery of Edwin Drood.

ammo "Edvin Drud siri" bundan istisno.

The novel details the disappearance of the orphan Edwin under puzzling circumstances.

Roman Edvinning sirli ravishda g'oyib bo'lishi to'g'risida hikoya qiladi.

However, Dickens died before the novel was finished

Dikkens asarni yakunlamay vafot etadi,

and left no notes resolving the mystery.

jumboqqa yechim bo'luvchi asar qoralamasi ham topilmaydi.

Readers continue to passionately debate over who Dickens intended as the murderer,

O'quvchilar Dikkens kimni qotil qilmoqchi bo'lgan, Edvin Drud chindan

and whether Edwin Drood was even murdered in the first place.

o'ldirilganmi degan savollar ustida bahslashishda davom etmoqda.

Throughout many adaptations,

Dikkensning jonli tili va

literary homages,

keng dunyoqarashi

and the pages of his novels,

ko'plab filmlar, bag'ishlovlar va

Dickens’s sparkling language and panoramic worldview

romanlari sahifalarida

continue to resonate.

yashab kelmoqda.

Today, the adjective Dickensian

Bugungi kunda dikkenscha uslub

often implies squalid working or living conditions.

og'ir turmush sharoitlari tasviriga nisbat qilib beriladi, ammo

But to describe a novel as Dickensian is typically high praise,

asarni dikkenscha roman deb baholash yozuvchilar uchun ulkan maqtovdir.

as it suggests a story in which true adventure and discovery

Bu asarda haqiqiy sarguzasht va topilmalar

occur in the most unexpected places.

kutilmagan joylarda ro'y berishini anglatadi.

Although he often explored bleak material,

Garchi asarlarining aksariyati juda qayg'uli bo'lsa-da,

Dickens’s piercing wit never failed to find light in the darkest corners.

Dikkensning zukkoligi hatto eng qorong'i burchaklarda ham yorug'lik ko'ra oladi.