What color is Tuesday? Exploring synesthesia - Richard E. Cytowic

Koje je boje utorak? Istraživanje sinestezije - Ričard E. Sajtovik (Richard E. Cytowic)

1,798,762 views

2013-06-10 ・ TED-Ed


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What color is Tuesday? Exploring synesthesia - Richard E. Cytowic

Koje je boje utorak? Istraživanje sinestezije - Ričard E. Sajtovik (Richard E. Cytowic)

1,798,762 views ・ 2013-06-10

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:00
Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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Prevodilac: Tijana Mihajlović Lektor: Mile Živković
00:14
Imagine a world
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Zamislite svet
00:15
in which you see numbers and letters as colored
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u kom vidite brojeve i slova u boji
00:17
even though they're printed in black,
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iako su štampani crnom bojom,
00:19
in which music or voices trigger a swirl
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u kom muzika ili glasovi pokreću vrtlog
00:21
of moving, colored shapes,
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pokretnih oblika u boji,
00:23
in which words and names fill your mouth
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u kom reči i imena ispunjavaju vaša usta
00:25
with unusual flavors.
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neobičnim ukusima.
00:27
Jail tastes like cold, hard bacon
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Zatvor ima ukus kao hladna, tvrda slanina,
00:30
while Derek tastes like earwax.
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dok Derek ima ukus kao ušni vosak.
00:34
Welcome to synesthesia,
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Dobrodošli u sinesteziju,
00:35
the neurological phenomenon
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neurološku pojavu
00:37
that couples two or more senses in 4% of the population.
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koja spaja dva ili više čula kod 4% populacije.
00:41
A synesthete might not only hear my voice,
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Sinesteta možda neće čuti samo moj glas,
00:43
but also see it,
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već će ga i videti,
00:44
taste it,
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00:44
or feel it as a physical touch.
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osetiti njegov ukus,
ili ga osetiti kao fizički dodir.
00:48
Sharing the same root with anesthesia,
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Deleći isti koren sa anestezijom,
00:51
meaning no sensation,
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što znači bez osećaja,
00:52
synesthesia means joined sensation.
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sinestezija znači - udruženi osećaj.
Ako imate jedan njen tip, kao što je obojeni sluh,
00:55
Having one type, such as colored hearing,
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00:57
gives you a 50% chance of having a second,
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imate 50% šansi da imate i drugi,
00:59
third,
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treći
01:00
or fourth type.
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ili četvrti tip.
01:03
One in 90 among us experience graphemes,
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Jedna u 90 osoba doživljava grafeme,
01:06
the written elements of language,
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pisane elemente jezika,
01:08
like letters,
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01:08
numerals,
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kao slova,
brojeve
01:09
and punctuation marks,
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i znakove interpunkcije
01:10
as saturated with color.
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kao osenčene bojama.
01:12
Some even have gender or personality.
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Neki čak imaju rod ili ličnost.
01:15
For Gail, 3 is athletic and sporty,
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Za Gejl, 3 je atletski i sportski tip,
01:19
9 is a vain, elitist girl.
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9 je sujetna, elitistička devojka.
01:22
By contrast, the sound units of language,
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Suprotno tome, glasovne jedinice jezika
01:24
or phonemes,
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ili foneme,
01:25
trigger synestetic tastes.
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pokreću sinestetičke ukuse.
01:27
For James, college tastes like sausage,
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Za Džejmsa, fakultet ima ukus kao kobasica,
01:30
as does message and similar words
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kao i poruka i slične reči
01:32
with the -age ending.
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sa nastavkom -age u engleskom.
01:35
Synesthesia is a trait, like having blue eyes,
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Sinestezija je osobina, kao što je posedovanje plavih očiju,
01:38
rather than a disorder
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a ne poremećaj,
jer ne postoji ništa što nije u redu.
01:40
because there's nothing wrong.
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01:41
In fact, all the extra hooks
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U stvari, sve dodatne veze
01:43
endow synesthetes with superior memories.
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dodeljuju sinestetama superiornu memoriju.
01:45
For example, a girl runs into someone she met long ago.
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Na primer, devojka naleti na nekoga koga je odavno upoznala.
01:49
"Let's see, she had a green name.
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„Kako beše, imala je zeleno ime.
01:51
D's are green:
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Slovo „d” je zeleno:
01:52
Debra,
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01:52
Darby,
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Debra, Darbi, Doroti, Denis.
01:53
Dorothy,
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01:53
Denise.
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01:54
Yes! Her name is Denise!"
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Da! Zove se Denis!”
01:56
Once established in childhood,
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Jednom uspostavljeno u detinjstvu,
01:58
pairings remain fixed for life.
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uparivanje ostaje fiksno za ceo život.
02:00
Synesthetes inherit a biological propensity
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Sinestete nasleđuju biološku sklonost
02:03
for hyperconnecting brain neurons,
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hiperpovezanosti moždanih neurona,
02:05
but then must be exposed to cultural artifacts,
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ali onda moraju biti izloženi kulturološkim artefaktima,
02:08
such as calendars,
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02:08
food names,
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kao što su kalendari,
02:09
and alphabets.
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nazivi za hranu
i abecede.
02:11
The amazing thing is that a single nucleotide change
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Zapanjujuća stvar je da promena samo jednog nukleotida
02:13
in the sequence of one's DNA alters perception.
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u nečijem DNK nizu menja percepciju.
02:17
In this way, synesthesia provides a path
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Na ovaj način, sinestezija obezbeđuje put
02:19
to understanding subjective differences,
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ka razumevanju subjektivnih razlika -
02:22
how two people can see the same thing differently.
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kako dvoje ljudi može videti istu stvar na različite načine.
02:25
Take Sean, who prefers blue tasting food,
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Uzmite za primer Šona, koji voli hranu plavog ukusa,
02:27
such as milk, oranges, and spinach.
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kao što su mleko, pomorandže i spanać.
02:30
The gene heightens normally occurring connections
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Gen pojačava uobičajena povezivanja
02:32
between the taste area in his frontal lobe
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između područja za ukus u frontalnom delu mozga
02:34
and the color area further back.
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i područja za boju, koje se nalazi nešto dalje u pozadini.
02:37
But suppose in someone else
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Pretpostavimo da je kod nekog drugog
02:39
that the gene acted in non-sensory areas.
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taj gen uticao na područja nevezana za čula.
02:41
You would then have the ability to link
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Tada biste imali sposobnost da povežete
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seemingly unrelated things,
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naizgled nepovezane stvari,
02:45
which is the definition of metaphor,
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što je definicija metafore -
02:47
seeing the similar in the dissimilar.
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gledati slično na različito.
02:50
Not surprisingly, synesthesia is more common
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Tako nije iznenađujuće da je sinestezija učestalija
02:52
in artists who excel at making metaphors,
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kod umetnika koji su veoma dobri u korišćenju metafora,
02:55
like novelist Vladimir Nabokov,
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kao što su romanopisac Vladimir Nabokov,
02:57
painter David Hockney,
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slikar Dejvid Hokni
02:59
and composers Billy Joel
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i kompozitori Bili Džoel
03:00
and Lady Gaga.
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i Lejdi Gaga.
03:04
But why do the rest of us non-synesthetes
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Ipak, zašto mi ostali nesinestetičari
03:06
understand metaphors like "sharp cheese"
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razumemo metafore kao što su „oštar sir”
03:08
or "sweet person"?
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ili „slatka osoba”?
03:10
It so happens that sight,
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Slučaj je takav da su vid,
03:12
sound,
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03:12
and movement
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03:12
already map to one another so closely,
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zvuk i pokret
već ucrtani toliko blizu na mapi
03:15
that even bad ventriloquists convince us
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da nas čak i loš trbuhozborac može ubediti
03:17
that the dummy is talking.
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da lutka priča.
03:19
Movies, likewise, can convince us
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Filmovi nas, slično, mogu ubediti
03:21
that the sound is coming from the actors' mouths
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da zvuk dolazi iz usta glumaca,
03:23
rather than surrounding speakers.
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a ne iz obližnjih zvučnika.
03:25
So, inwardly, we're all synesthetes,
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Tako smo iznutra svi sinestete,
03:28
outwardly unaware of the perceptual couplings
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spolja nesvesni opažajnih spojnica
03:30
happening all the time.
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koje se dešavaju istovremeno.
03:32
Cross-talk in the brain is the rule,
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Među-saobraćanje u mozgu je pravilo,
03:34
not the exception.
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ne izuzetak,
03:37
And that sounds like a sweet deal to me!
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a to mi zvuči kao slatki dogovor!
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