What color is Tuesday? Exploring synesthesia - Richard E. Cytowic

Koje je boje utorak? Istraživanje sinestezije - Ričard E. Sajtovik (Richard E. Cytowic)

1,793,057 views

2013-06-10 ・ TED-Ed


New videos

What color is Tuesday? Exploring synesthesia - Richard E. Cytowic

Koje je boje utorak? Istraživanje sinestezije - Ričard E. Sajtovik (Richard E. Cytowic)

1,793,057 views ・ 2013-06-10

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:00
Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
0
0
7000
Prevodilac: Tijana Mihajlović Lektor: Mile Živković
00:14
Imagine a world
1
14504
1243
Zamislite svet
00:15
in which you see numbers and letters as colored
2
15747
2145
u kom vidite brojeve i slova u boji
00:17
even though they're printed in black,
3
17892
1858
iako su štampani crnom bojom,
00:19
in which music or voices trigger a swirl
4
19750
2083
u kom muzika ili glasovi pokreću vrtlog
00:21
of moving, colored shapes,
5
21833
2089
pokretnih oblika u boji,
00:23
in which words and names fill your mouth
6
23922
1936
u kom reči i imena ispunjavaju vaša usta
00:25
with unusual flavors.
7
25858
1734
neobičnim ukusima.
00:27
Jail tastes like cold, hard bacon
8
27592
2845
Zatvor ima ukus kao hladna, tvrda slanina,
00:30
while Derek tastes like earwax.
9
30437
2686
dok Derek ima ukus kao ušni vosak.
00:34
Welcome to synesthesia,
10
34091
1716
Dobrodošli u sinesteziju,
00:35
the neurological phenomenon
11
35807
1265
neurološku pojavu
00:37
that couples two or more senses in 4% of the population.
12
37072
3960
koja spaja dva ili više čula kod 4% populacije.
00:41
A synesthete might not only hear my voice,
13
41032
2473
Sinesteta možda neće čuti samo moj glas,
00:43
but also see it,
14
43505
908
već će ga i videti,
00:44
taste it,
15
44413
507
00:44
or feel it as a physical touch.
16
44920
2635
osetiti njegov ukus,
ili ga osetiti kao fizički dodir.
00:48
Sharing the same root with anesthesia,
17
48771
2294
Deleći isti koren sa anestezijom,
00:51
meaning no sensation,
18
51065
1335
što znači bez osećaja,
00:52
synesthesia means joined sensation.
19
52400
2752
sinestezija znači - udruženi osećaj.
Ako imate jedan njen tip, kao što je obojeni sluh,
00:55
Having one type, such as colored hearing,
20
55152
2294
00:57
gives you a 50% chance of having a second,
21
57446
2253
imate 50% šansi da imate i drugi,
00:59
third,
22
59699
417
treći
01:00
or fourth type.
23
60116
1493
ili četvrti tip.
01:03
One in 90 among us experience graphemes,
24
63702
3062
Jedna u 90 osoba doživljava grafeme,
01:06
the written elements of language,
25
66764
1548
pisane elemente jezika,
01:08
like letters,
26
68312
663
01:08
numerals,
27
68975
459
kao slova,
brojeve
01:09
and punctuation marks,
28
69434
1363
i znakove interpunkcije
01:10
as saturated with color.
29
70797
2053
kao osenčene bojama.
01:12
Some even have gender or personality.
30
72850
2463
Neki čak imaju rod ili ličnost.
01:15
For Gail, 3 is athletic and sporty,
31
75313
4189
Za Gejl, 3 je atletski i sportski tip,
01:19
9 is a vain, elitist girl.
32
79502
2817
9 je sujetna, elitistička devojka.
01:22
By contrast, the sound units of language,
33
82319
2375
Suprotno tome, glasovne jedinice jezika
01:24
or phonemes,
34
84694
1252
ili foneme,
01:25
trigger synestetic tastes.
35
85946
1917
pokreću sinestetičke ukuse.
01:27
For James, college tastes like sausage,
36
87863
2506
Za Džejmsa, fakultet ima ukus kao kobasica,
01:30
as does message and similar words
37
90369
2042
kao i poruka i slične reči
01:32
with the -age ending.
38
92411
1795
sa nastavkom -age u engleskom.
01:35
Synesthesia is a trait, like having blue eyes,
39
95699
2843
Sinestezija je osobina, kao što je posedovanje plavih očiju,
01:38
rather than a disorder
40
98542
1583
a ne poremećaj,
jer ne postoji ništa što nije u redu.
01:40
because there's nothing wrong.
41
100125
1629
01:41
In fact, all the extra hooks
42
101754
1350
U stvari, sve dodatne veze
01:43
endow synesthetes with superior memories.
43
103104
2893
dodeljuju sinestetama superiornu memoriju.
01:45
For example, a girl runs into someone she met long ago.
44
105997
3312
Na primer, devojka naleti na nekoga koga je odavno upoznala.
01:49
"Let's see, she had a green name.
45
109309
2037
„Kako beše, imala je zeleno ime.
01:51
D's are green:
46
111346
964
Slovo „d” je zeleno:
01:52
Debra,
47
112310
537
01:52
Darby,
48
112847
382
Debra, Darbi, Doroti, Denis.
01:53
Dorothy,
49
113229
417
01:53
Denise.
50
113646
500
01:54
Yes! Her name is Denise!"
51
114146
2774
Da! Zove se Denis!”
01:56
Once established in childhood,
52
116920
1439
Jednom uspostavljeno u detinjstvu,
01:58
pairings remain fixed for life.
53
118359
2377
uparivanje ostaje fiksno za ceo život.
02:00
Synesthetes inherit a biological propensity
54
120736
2518
Sinestete nasleđuju biološku sklonost
02:03
for hyperconnecting brain neurons,
55
123254
2028
hiperpovezanosti moždanih neurona,
02:05
but then must be exposed to cultural artifacts,
56
125282
2735
ali onda moraju biti izloženi kulturološkim artefaktima,
02:08
such as calendars,
57
128017
853
02:08
food names,
58
128870
666
kao što su kalendari,
02:09
and alphabets.
59
129536
1709
nazivi za hranu
i abecede.
02:11
The amazing thing is that a single nucleotide change
60
131245
2588
Zapanjujuća stvar je da promena samo jednog nukleotida
02:13
in the sequence of one's DNA alters perception.
61
133833
3545
u nečijem DNK nizu menja percepciju.
02:17
In this way, synesthesia provides a path
62
137378
2415
Na ovaj način, sinestezija obezbeđuje put
02:19
to understanding subjective differences,
63
139793
2256
ka razumevanju subjektivnih razlika -
02:22
how two people can see the same thing differently.
64
142049
3336
kako dvoje ljudi može videti istu stvar na različite načine.
02:25
Take Sean, who prefers blue tasting food,
65
145385
2587
Uzmite za primer Šona, koji voli hranu plavog ukusa,
02:27
such as milk, oranges, and spinach.
66
147972
2331
kao što su mleko, pomorandže i spanać.
02:30
The gene heightens normally occurring connections
67
150303
2388
Gen pojačava uobičajena povezivanja
02:32
between the taste area in his frontal lobe
68
152691
2248
između područja za ukus u frontalnom delu mozga
02:34
and the color area further back.
69
154939
2542
i područja za boju, koje se nalazi nešto dalje u pozadini.
02:37
But suppose in someone else
70
157481
1788
Pretpostavimo da je kod nekog drugog
02:39
that the gene acted in non-sensory areas.
71
159269
2414
taj gen uticao na područja nevezana za čula.
02:41
You would then have the ability to link
72
161683
1896
Tada biste imali sposobnost da povežete
02:43
seemingly unrelated things,
73
163579
2193
naizgled nepovezane stvari,
02:45
which is the definition of metaphor,
74
165772
2176
što je definicija metafore -
02:47
seeing the similar in the dissimilar.
75
167948
2839
gledati slično na različito.
02:50
Not surprisingly, synesthesia is more common
76
170787
2210
Tako nije iznenađujuće da je sinestezija učestalija
02:52
in artists who excel at making metaphors,
77
172997
2377
kod umetnika koji su veoma dobri u korišćenju metafora,
02:55
like novelist Vladimir Nabokov,
78
175374
2167
kao što su romanopisac Vladimir Nabokov,
02:57
painter David Hockney,
79
177541
1752
slikar Dejvid Hokni
02:59
and composers Billy Joel
80
179293
1400
i kompozitori Bili Džoel
03:00
and Lady Gaga.
81
180693
1526
i Lejdi Gaga.
03:04
But why do the rest of us non-synesthetes
82
184142
1860
Ipak, zašto mi ostali nesinestetičari
03:06
understand metaphors like "sharp cheese"
83
186002
2581
razumemo metafore kao što su „oštar sir”
03:08
or "sweet person"?
84
188583
2049
ili „slatka osoba”?
03:10
It so happens that sight,
85
190632
1377
Slučaj je takav da su vid,
03:12
sound,
86
192009
333
03:12
and movement
87
192342
549
03:12
already map to one another so closely,
88
192891
2409
zvuk i pokret
već ucrtani toliko blizu na mapi
03:15
that even bad ventriloquists convince us
89
195300
2432
da nas čak i loš trbuhozborac može ubediti
03:17
that the dummy is talking.
90
197732
1914
da lutka priča.
03:19
Movies, likewise, can convince us
91
199646
1832
Filmovi nas, slično, mogu ubediti
03:21
that the sound is coming from the actors' mouths
92
201478
2048
da zvuk dolazi iz usta glumaca,
03:23
rather than surrounding speakers.
93
203526
2168
a ne iz obližnjih zvučnika.
03:25
So, inwardly, we're all synesthetes,
94
205694
2753
Tako smo iznutra svi sinestete,
03:28
outwardly unaware of the perceptual couplings
95
208447
2002
spolja nesvesni opažajnih spojnica
03:30
happening all the time.
96
210449
2084
koje se dešavaju istovremeno.
03:32
Cross-talk in the brain is the rule,
97
212533
2215
Među-saobraćanje u mozgu je pravilo,
03:34
not the exception.
98
214748
1687
ne izuzetak,
03:37
And that sounds like a sweet deal to me!
99
217643
3367
a to mi zvuči kao slatki dogovor!
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7