Is there a center of the universe? - Marjee Chmiel and Trevor Owens

Da li postoji centar svemira? - Mardži Čmil i Trevor Ovens (Marjee Chmiel and Trevor Owens)

Prevodilac: Tijana Mihajlović Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

What is at the center of the universe?

Šta je u središtu svemira?

It's an essential question

To je suštinsko pitanje

that humans have been wondering about for centuries.

koje su ljudi postavljali vekovima,

But the journey toward an answer

ali je put prema odgovoru

has been a strange one.

bio čudan.

If you wanted to know the answer to this question

Ako ste želeli da znate odgovor na ovo pitanje

in third century B.C.E. Greece,

u trećem veku p. n. e. u Grčkoj,

you might look up at the night sky

možda biste pogledali u noćno nebo

and trust what you see.

i verovali onome što vidite.

That's what Aristotle,

To je ono što je Aristotel,

THE guy to ask back then, did.

glavni momak tog vremena, uradio.

He thought that since we're on Earth, looking up,

Mislio je, pošto smo na Zemlji, gledajući naviše,

it must be the center, right?

ona mora biti centar, zar ne?

For him, the sphere of the world

Za njega, sfera sveta

was made up of four elements:

bila je sačinjena od četiri elementa:

Earth,

zemlje, vode, vazduha i vatre.

water,

air,

and fire.

These elements shifted around a nested set

Ovi elementi smenjivali su se u ugnežđenom skupu

of solid crystalline spheres.

čvrstih kristalnih sfera.

Each of the wandering stars, the planets,

Svaka lutajuća zvezda, planeta,

had their own crystal sphere.

imala je sopstvenu kristalnu sferu.

The rest of the universe and all of its stars

Ostatak svemira i sve njegove zvezde

were on the last crystal sphere.

bili su na poslednjoj kristalnoj sferi.

If you watch the sky change over time,

Ako posmatrate nebo kako se vremenom menja,

you could see that this idea worked fine

možete videti da je ova ideja dobro funkcionisala

at explaining the motion you saw.

kod objašnjavanja kretanja koja ste videli.

For centuries, this was central to how Europe

Vekovima je ovo bilo središte toga

and the Islamic world saw the universe.

kako su Evropa i muslimanski svet videli svemir.

But in 1543, a guy named Copernicus

Međutim, 1543. godine, momak pod imenom Kopernik

proposed a different model.

predložio je drugačiji model.

He believed that the sun

Verovao je da je Sunce

was at the center of the universe.

u centru svemira.

This radically new idea

Ljudima je bilo teško da prihvate

was hard for a lot of people to accept.

ovu radikalno novu ideju.

After all, Aristotle's ideas made sense

Na kraju krajeva, Aristotelova ideja bila je smislena

with what they could see,

prema onome što su mogli da vide,

and they were pretty flattering to humans.

a i prilično su laskale ljudima.

But a series of subsequent discoveries

Međutim, niz pratećih otkrića

made the sun-centric model hard to ignore.

učinio je da je model sa Suncem kao središtem bilo teško ignorisati.

First, Johannes Kepler pointed out

Prvo je Johanes Kepler istaknuo

that orbits aren't perfect circles or spheres.

da orbite nisu savršeno kružne sfere.

Then, Galileo's telescope caught

Zatim je Galileov teleskop uhvatio

Jupiter's moons orbiting around Jupiter,

Jupiterove Mesece kako kruže oko Jupitera,

totally ignoring Earth.

potpuno ignorišući Zemlju,

And then, Newton proposed the theory of universal gravitation,

a onda je Njutn predložio teoriju univerzalne gravitacije,

demonstrating that all objects are pulling on each other.

demonstrirajući da se svi predmeti međusobno privlače.

Eventually, we had to let go of the idea

Na kraju, morali smo da zaboravimo ideju

that we were at the center of the universe.

da smo centar svemira.

Shortly after Copernicus, in the 1580s,

Ubrzo posle Kopernika, oko 1580. godine,

an Italian friar, Giordano Bruno,

italijanski fratr, Đordano Bruno,

suggested the stars were suns

ukazao je da su zvezde Sunca

that likely had their own planets

koja verovatno imaju sopstvene planete,

and that the universe was infinite.

a da je svemir beskonačan.

This idea didn't go over well.

Ova ideja nije dobro prošla.

Bruno was burned at the stake for his radical suggestion.

Bruno je spaljen na lomači zbog radikalnog predloga.

Centuries later, the philosopher Rene Descartes

Vekovima posle toga, filozof Rene Dekart

proposed that the universe was a series of whirlpools,

izneo je da je svemir sačinjen od nizova virova,

which he called vortices,

koje je zvao vrtlozi,

and that each star was at the center of a whirlpool.

a svaka je zvezda središte vrtloga.

In time, we realized there were far more stars

Vremenom smo shvatili da postoji mnogo više zvezda

than Aristotle ever dreamed.

nego što je Aristotel mogao da sanja.

As astronomers like William Herschel

Kako su astronomi kao što je Vilijem Herčel

got more and more advanced telescopes,

dobijali sve razvijenije teleskope,

it became clear that our sun is actually

postalo je jasno da je naše Sunce zapravo

one of many stars inside the Milky Way.

jedno od mnogih zvezda unutar Mlečnog puta.

And those smudges we see in the night sky?

A mrlje koje vidimo na noćnom nebu?

They're other galaxies,

To su druge galaksije,

just as vast as our Milky Way home.

ogromne kao i naš dom, Mlečni put.

Maybe we're farther from the center than we ever realized.

Možda smo još udaljeniji od centra nego što smo to ikada shvatali.

In the 1920s, astronomers studying the nebuli

Godine 1920, astronomi koji su proučavali svemirske magline

wanted to figure out how they were moving.

želeli su da shvate kako se kreću.

Based on the Doppler Effect,

Na osnovu Doplerovog efekta,

they expected to see blue shift

očekivali su da vide plavi pomak

for objects moving toward us,

za predmete koji se kreću prema nama,

and red shift for ones moving away.

a crveni pomak za one koji se udaljavaju,

But all they saw was a red shift.

ali jedino što su videli je crveni pomak.

Everything was moving away from us, fast.

Sve se udaljavalo od nas, i to brzo.

This observation is one of the pieces of evidence

Ovo zapažanje je jedan od dokaza

for what we now call the Big Bang Theory.

za ono što danas prepoznajemo kao teoriju velikog praska.

According to this theory,

Prema toj teoriji,

all matter in the universe

sva materija u svemiru

was once a singular, infinitely dense particle.

nekada je bila jedinstvena, beskrajno gusta čestica.

In a sense, our piece of the universe

Na neki način, naš deo svemira

was once at the center.

bio je nekada u središtu.

But this theory eliminates the whole idea of a center

Međutim, ova teorija isključuje celokupnu ideju o središtu

since there can't be a center to an infinite universe.

pošto ne može postojati centar beskrajnog svemira.

The Big Bang wasn't just an explosion in space;

Veliki prasak nije bio samo eksplozija u svemiru;

it was an explosion of space.

bila je to eksplozija svemira.

What each new discovery proves

Ono što svako novo otkriće potvrđuje je da,

is that while our observations are limited,

dok su naša zapažanja ograničena,

our ability to speculate and dream

naša sposobnost da razmišljamo i sanjamo

of what's out there isn't.

o onome što je tamo negde - nije.

What we think we know today can change tomorrow.

Ono što danas mislimo da znamo može se promeniti sutra.

As with many of the thinkers we just met,

Kao i kod mnogih mislilaca koje smo upravo sreli,

sometimes our wildest guesses

ponekad naše najluđe pretpostavke

lead to wonderful and humbling answers

vode ka divnim i skromnim odgovorima

and propel us toward even more perplexing questions.

i pokreću nas da idemo ka još zagonetnijim pitanjima.