How much will you change in the future? More than you think - Bence Nanay

367,039 views ・ 2018-09-27

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović
00:07
When trains began to shuttle people across the coutryside,
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Kada su vozovi počeli da prevoze ljude sa jedne strane zemlje na drugu,
00:10
many insisted they would never replace horses.
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mnogi su insistirali na tome da nikada neće zameniti konje.
00:14
Less than a century later, people repeated that same prediction about cars,
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Manje od jednog veka kasnije, ljudi su to iznova predviđali za automobile,
00:18
telephones,
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telefone, radio, televiziju i kompjutere.
00:20
radio,
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00:20
television,
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00:21
and computers.
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00:22
Each had their own host of detractors.
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Svaki od tih proizvoda imao je armiju protivnika.
00:25
Even some experts insisted they wouldn’t catch on.
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Čak su i neki stručnjaci insistirali na tome da ih ljudi neće prihvatiti.
Naravno, ne možemo tačno predvideti kako će izgledati budućnost,
00:29
Of course, we can’t predict exactly what the future will look like
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00:32
or what new inventions will populate it.
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niti kakvi novi izumi će je nastaniti.
00:35
But time and time again,
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Ali, uvek iznova,
00:36
we’ve also failed to predict that the technologies of the present
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isto tako nismo uspevali da predvidimo da će tehnologije iz sadašnjosti
00:40
will change the future.
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izmeniti budućnost.
Skorija istraživanja su otkrila sličan šablon u našim životima,
00:42
And recent research has revealed a similar pattern in our individual lives:
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00:47
we’re unable to predict change in ourselves.
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da ne umemo da predvidimo promenu u sebi samima.
00:50
Three psychologists documented our inability to predict personal change
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Tri psihologa su dokumentovala
našu nesposobnost da predvidimo lične promene
00:55
in a 2013 paper called, “The End of History Illusion.”
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u radu iz 2013. godine nazvanom „Iluzija kraja istorije“.
01:00
Named after political scientist Francis Fukuyama’s prediction
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Nazvan je tako po predskazanju politikologa Francisa Fukujame
01:04
that liberal democracy was the final form of government,
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da je liberalna demokratija poslednji oblik vladavine
01:07
or as he called it, “the end of history,”
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ili, kako je on to rekao, „kraj istorije“,
01:09
their work highlights the way we see ourselves as finished products
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a njihov rad naglašava to kako u svakom trenutku vidimo sebe
kao gotov proizvod.
01:14
at any given moment.
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01:16
The researchers recruited over 7,000 participants ages 18 to 68.
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Istraživači su skupili više od 7 000 ispitanika
starosti od 18 do 68 godina.
01:21
They asked half of these participants to report their current personality traits,
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Tražili su od polovine ispitanika da navedu svoje trenutne crte ličnosti,
01:26
values,
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vrednosti i preferencije,
01:27
and preferences,
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01:28
along with what each of those metrics had been ten years before.
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kao i šta je svaka od tih merenih stavki bila za njih pre deset godina.
01:33
The other half described those features in their present selves,
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Druga polovina je opisivala ta svojstva kod sebe u sadašnjosti
01:36
and predicted what they would be ten years in the future.
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i predviđala šta će ona biti deset godina kasnije.
01:40
Based on these answers,
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Na osnovu ovih odgovora,
istraživači su zatim izračunali stepen menjanja
01:42
the researchers then calculated the degree of change
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01:44
each participant reported or predicted.
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koje je svaki ispitanik saopštio ili predvideo.
01:48
For every age group in the sample,
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Za svaku starosnu grupu iz uzorka
01:51
they compared the predicted changes to the reported changes.
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uporedili su predskazane sa saopštenim promenama.
01:54
So they compared the degree to which 18-year-olds thought they would change
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Tako su poredili koliko su ispitanici od 18 godina mislili da će se promeniti
01:58
to the degree to which 28-year-olds reported they had changed.
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sa time u kom stepenu su oni od 28 godina saopštavali da su se promenili.
02:03
Overwhelmingly, at all ages,
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Velikom većinom, u svim starosnim grupama,
02:05
people’s future estimates of change came up short
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procene ljudi o promenama u budućnosti bile su pogrešne
u poređenju sa promenama kojih su se prisećali stariji ispitanici.
02:09
compared to the changes their older counterparts recalled.
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02:13
20-year-olds expected to still like the same foods at 30,
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Dvadesetogodišnjaci su očekivali
da će i dalje voleti istu hranu sa 30 godina,
02:17
but 30-year-olds no longer had the same tastes.
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ali 30-godišnjaci nisu više imali isti ukus.
02:20
30-year-olds predicted they’d still have the same best friend at 40,
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Tridesetogodišnjaci su predviđali da će imati iste najbolje prijatelje
sa 40 godina,
02:25
but 40-year-olds had lost touch with theirs.
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ali 40-godišnjaci su izgubili kontakt sa svojima.
02:28
And 40-year-olds predicted they’d maintain the same core values
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Četrdesetogodišnjaci su predvideli da će zadržati iste osnovne vrednosti
02:32
that 50-year-olds had reconsidered.
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koje su 50-godišnjaci preispitivali.
02:35
While older people changed less than younger people on the whole,
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Mada su se stariji ljudi u celini menjali manje od mlađih,
02:39
they underestimated their capacity for change just as much.
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podjednako su potcenjivali svoj kapacitet da se menjaju.
02:43
Wherever we are in life, the end of history illusion persists:
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U bilo kom trenutku u našem životu, opstaje iluzija kraja istorije:
02:47
we tend to think that the bulk of our personal change is behind us.
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skloni smo da mislimo da je najveći deo naših ličnih promena iza nas.
02:52
One consequence of this thinking
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Jedna posledica ovakvog razmišljanja
02:54
is that we’re inclined to overinvest in future choices
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je to da smo skloni da previše ulažemo u buduće izbore
02:58
based on present preferences.
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na osnovu sadašnjih preferencija.
03:00
On average, people are willing to pay about 60% more
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U proseku, ljudi su spremni da plate oko 60% više
03:04
to see their current favorite musician ten years in the future
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da vide svog trenutno omiljenog muzičara deset godina u budućosti
03:07
than they’d currently pay to see their favorite musician from ten years ago.
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nego što bi trenutno platili da vide omiljenog muzičara od pre deset godina.
03:12
While the stakes involved in concert-going are low,
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Dok odlazak na koncert podrazumeva manje rizika,
03:15
we’re susceptible to similar miscalculations
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podložni smo sličnim pogrešnim proračunima
03:18
in more serious commitments,
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pri ozbiljnijim obavezivanjima,
03:20
like homes,
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kao u slučaju kuće, partnera i poslova.
03:21
partners,
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03:22
and jobs.
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03:23
At the same time, there’s no real way to predict
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Istovremeno, ne postoji pravi način za predviđanje
03:26
what our preferences will be in the future.
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kakve će naše preferencije biti u budućnosti.
03:28
Without the end of history Illusion,
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Bez iluzije kraja istorije
03:30
it would be difficult to make any long-term plans.
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bilo bi teško praviti bilo kakve dugoročne planove.
03:33
So the end of history illusion applies to our individual lives,
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Dakle, iluzija kraja istorije važi u našim zasebnim životima,
03:38
but what about the wider world?
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ali šta je sa širim svetom?
03:40
Could we be assuming that how things are now is how they will continue to be?
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Možemo li da pretpostavimo da će stvari nastaviti da budu onakve kakve su danas?
U tom slučaju, na sreću, postoje brojni dokazi
03:45
If so, fortunately, there are countless records
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03:47
to remind us that the world does change, sometimes for the better.
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da nas podsete da se svet menja, ponekad nabolje.
03:52
Our own historical moment isn’t the end of history,
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Naš istorijski trenutak nije kraj istorije,
03:55
and that can be just as much a source of comfort as a cause for concern.
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a to može podjednako biti izvor utehe, kao i razlog za zabrinutost.
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