How much will you change in the future? More than you think - Bence Nanay

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2018-09-27 ・ TED-Ed


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How much will you change in the future? More than you think - Bence Nanay

363,139 views ・ 2018-09-27

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: KyoungHwan Oh κ²€ν† : Won Jang
00:07
When trains began to shuttle people across the coutryside,
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κΈ°μ°¨κ°€ μ‹œκ³¨ 지역을 κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ‹€μ–΄ λ‚˜λ₯΄κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
00:10
many insisted they would never replace horses.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κΈ°μ°¨λŠ” κ²°μ½” 말을 λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  것이라고 μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
Less than a century later, people repeated that same prediction about cars,
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ν•œ 세기도 μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 차에 λŒ€ν•΄ 같은 μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ„ λ°˜λ³΅ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
00:18
telephones,
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μ „ν™”κΈ°,
00:20
radio,
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00:20
television,
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λΌλ””μ˜€,
ν…”λ ˆλΉ„μ „,
00:21
and computers.
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컴퓨터도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
Each had their own host of detractors.
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맀번 λΉ„κ΄€λ‘ μžλ“€μ€ μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
Even some experts insisted they wouldn’t catch on.
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심지어 λͺ‡λͺ‡ 전문가듀도 κ·ΈλŸ°κ²ƒλ“€μ΄ λŒ€μ€‘ν™”λ˜μ§€ λͺ» ν•  것이라고 μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμ£ .
00:29
Of course, we can’t predict exactly what the future will look like
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λ¬Όλ‘  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ―Έλž˜κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ λͺ¨μŠ΅μΌμ§€ μ •ν™•νžˆ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
or what new inventions will populate it.
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μ–΄λ–€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 발λͺ…ν’ˆλ“€μ΄ μ„±ν–‰ν•˜κ²Œ 될지도 μ•Œ 수 μ—†μ§€μš”.
00:35
But time and time again,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 맀번
00:36
we’ve also failed to predict that the technologies of the present
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ΄ 미래λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚¬μ§€
00:40
will change the future.
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μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‹€νŒ¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
And recent research has revealed a similar pattern in our individual lives:
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졜근의 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 개인의 삢에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œλ„ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ„±ν–₯이 μžˆμŒμ„ λ°ν˜€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
we’re unable to predict change in ourselves.
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즉 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‹€νŒ¨ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
00:50
Three psychologists documented our inability to predict personal change
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μ„Έ λͺ…μ˜ μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ 이와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ 논문을 λ°œν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
in a 2013 paper called, β€œThe End of History Illusion.”
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2013년에 λ°œν‘œλœ λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ 제λͺ©μ€ "μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ μ’…μ–Έμ΄λΌλŠ” 착각" μΈλ°μš”.
01:00
Named after political scientist Francis Fukuyama’s prediction
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이 λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ 이름은 μ •μΉ˜ κ³Όν•™μžμΈ ν”„λž€μ‹œμŠ€ ν›„μΏ μ•Όλ§ˆκ°€
01:04
that liberal democracy was the final form of government,
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μžμœ λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ •μΉ˜μ˜ μ΅œμ’… ν˜•νƒœλΌκ³  μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λ©°
01:07
or as he called it, β€œthe end of history,”
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"μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ μ’…μ–Έ"이라고 λΆ€λ₯Έ κ²ƒμ—μ„œ λ”°μ˜¨ 이름 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
their work highlights the way we see ourselves as finished products
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό 항상 μ™„μ„±λœ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ”
01:14
at any given moment.
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것을 보여주고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
The researchers recruited over 7,000 participants ages 18 to 68.
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그듀은 18μ„ΈλΆ€ν„° 68μ„Έμ˜ 7천λͺ…μ˜ μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ˜ λͺ¨μ§‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
They asked half of these participants to report their current personality traits,
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그쀑 절반의 μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ”
λ³ΈμΈλ“€μ˜ ν˜„μž¬μ˜ μ„±κ²©μ˜ νŠΉμ„±,
01:26
values,
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κ°€μΉ˜κ΄€,
01:27
and preferences,
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그리고 μ„ ν˜Έμ‚¬ν•­κ³Ό
01:28
along with what each of those metrics had been ten years before.
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이것듀이 10λ…„μ „μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹¬λžλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
The other half described those features in their present selves,
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 반의 μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ€ ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 이런 νŠΉμ„±λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‘λ‹΅ν•˜κ³ 
01:36
and predicted what they would be ten years in the future.
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그리고 그것듀이 10λ…„ν›„μ—” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹¬λΌμ§ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
Based on these answers,
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μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 닡변을 ν† λŒ€λ‘œ
01:42
the researchers then calculated the degree of change
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μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ΄ μ‹€μ œ 변화와 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•œ λ³€ν™”μ˜ 정도λ₯Ό κ³„μ‚°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
each participant reported or predicted.
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01:48
For every age group in the sample,
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μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ˜ λ‚˜μ΄λŒ€μ— 따라
01:51
they compared the predicted changes to the reported changes.
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그듀이 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•œ 변화와 μ‹€μ œμ˜ 변화듀을 λΉ„κ΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
So they compared the degree to which 18-year-olds thought they would change
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18μ„Έμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•œ 변화와
01:58
to the degree to which 28-year-olds reported they had changed.
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28μ„Έμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‹€μ œ λ³€ν™”ν•œ 정도λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
02:03
Overwhelmingly, at all ages,
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μ••λ„μ μœΌλ‘œ λͺ¨λ“  λ‚˜μ΄κ·Έλ£Ήμ—μ„œ
02:05
people’s future estimates of change came up short
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 미래의 변화에 λŒ€ν•œ μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ€
02:09
compared to the changes their older counterparts recalled.
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μ—΄μ‚΄ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 그룹의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ‹€μ œ 변화보닀 더 적게 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
20-year-olds expected to still like the same foods at 30,
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20μ„Έ 그룹은 그듀이 30μ„Έκ°€ λ˜μ–΄λ„ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ μŒμ‹μ„ 쒋아할거라고 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜
02:17
but 30-year-olds no longer had the same tastes.
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30μ„Έ 그룹의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 더 이상 같은 μŒμ‹μ„ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
30-year-olds predicted they’d still have the same best friend at 40,
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30μ„Έ 그룹은 40μ„Έκ°€ λ˜μ–΄λ„ ν˜„μž¬μ˜ μΉœν•œ 친ꡬλ₯Ό 계속 λ§Œλ‚ κ±°λΌκ³  μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:25
but 40-year-olds had lost touch with theirs.
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40μ„Έ 그룹은 κ·Έ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ 더이상 λ§Œλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
And 40-year-olds predicted they’d maintain the same core values
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40μ„Έ 그룹은 ν˜„μž¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜κ΄€μ„ μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ 계속 κ°–κ²Œ 될거라고 μ˜ˆμƒν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:32
that 50-year-olds had reconsidered.
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50μ„Έ 그룹의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ·Έ κ°€μΉ˜κ΄€λ“€μ„ μž¬κ³ ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
While older people changed less than younger people on the whole,
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λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 일반적으둜 μ Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ³΄λ‹€ 덜 λ³€ν™”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
02:39
they underestimated their capacity for change just as much.
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λ˜ν•œ 슀슀둜 λ³€ν™”ν• μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ³Όμ†Œν‰κ°€ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Wherever we are in life, the end of history illusion persists:
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λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ λ§Žλ“  적든 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ³€ν™”κ°€ λλ‚¬λ‹€λŠ” 착각을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
we tend to think that the bulk of our personal change is behind us.
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μ΄μ œλŠ” λ§Žμ€ λ³€ν™”κ°€ 없을 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
02:52
One consequence of this thinking
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒκ°μ˜ 결과둜
02:54
is that we’re inclined to overinvest in future choices
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 미래λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν• λ•Œ μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜κ²Œ
ν˜„μž¬ μ„ ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 것듀에 κΈ°μ΄ˆν•œ 결정을 ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
based on present preferences.
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03:00
On average, people are willing to pay about 60% more
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ 60% ν˜Ήμ€ κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ λˆμ„ 더 λ‚΄κ³ 
03:04
to see their current favorite musician ten years in the future
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μžμ‹ μ΄ μ§€κΈˆ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μˆ˜μ˜ 10λ…„ ν›„ 곡연을 λ³΄λ €κ³ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
than they’d currently pay to see their favorite musician from ten years ago.
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μžμ‹ μ΄ 10년전에 μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆλ˜ κ°€μˆ˜μ˜ κ³΅μ—°μ—λŠ” κ·Έλ§Œν•œ λˆμ„ 내지 μ•Šμ§€μš”.
03:12
While the stakes involved in concert-going are low,
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μ½˜μ„œνŠΈλ₯Ό κ°€λŠλƒ λ§ˆλŠλƒμ˜ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 그리 큰 결정은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:15
we’re susceptible to similar miscalculations
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 였λ₯˜λ₯Ό
03:18
in more serious commitments,
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더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ²°μ •μ—μ„œλ„ λ²”ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
like homes,
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예룰 λ“€λ©΄ 주택을 κ΅¬μž…ν• λ•ŒλΌλ˜μ§€,
03:21
partners,
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λ˜λŠ” 배우자λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν• λ•Œ,
03:22
and jobs.
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그리고 직업을 κ²°μ •ν• λ•Œλ„μš”.
03:23
At the same time, there’s no real way to predict
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사싀 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ―Έλž˜μ— 무엇을 쒋아할지 μ •ν™•νžˆ 예츑 ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
what our preferences will be in the future.
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03:28
Without the end of history Illusion,
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λ³€ν™”κ°€ λλ‚ κ±°λΌλŠ” 착각을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
03:30
it would be difficult to make any long-term plans.
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μž₯기적인 κ³„νšμ„ μ„Έμš°λŠ”κ²ƒμ΄ λ”μš± νž˜λ“€μ–΄ μ§ˆμ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
So the end of history illusion applies to our individual lives,
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κ²°κ΅­ λ³€ν™”κ°€ λλ‚ κ±°λΌλŠ” 착각이 개인의 삢에 영ν–₯을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
but what about the wider world?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 개인이 μ•„λ‹Œ μ’€ 더 넓은 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ λ³΄λ©΄μš”?
03:40
Could we be assuming that how things are now is how they will continue to be?
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 세상이 λ―Έλž˜μ—λ„ 지속될거라고 κ°€μ •ν• μˆ˜ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:45
If so, fortunately, there are countless records
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 기둝듀에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
03:47
to remind us that the world does change, sometimes for the better.
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세상은 λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ λ³€ν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 쒋은 변화도 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€μš”.
03:52
Our own historical moment isn’t the end of history,
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우리의 역사적인 μˆœκ°„μ€ 아직 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
and that can be just as much a source of comfort as a cause for concern.
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이것은 걱정거리일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ 희망을 κ°€μ§ˆ 이유일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€μš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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