The simple story of photosynthesis and food - Amanda Ooten

Jednostavna priča o fotosintezi i hrani - Amanda Uten (Amanda Ooten)

Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

Ever wonder where most of the food

Da li ste se ikada zapitali odakle dolazi većina hrane

you eat every day comes from?

koju jedete svakog dana?

Well, about 60% of the food you eat

Pa, oko 60% hrane koju jedete

is carbohydrates.

su ugljeni hidrati.

As you can probably tell from its name,

Kao što verovatno već vidite iz samog imena,

carbohydrates contain carbon,

ugljeni hidrati sadrže ugljenik,

hydrogen,

and oxygen.

vodonik

i kiseonik.

But where do these atoms originally come from

Ali gde ovi atomi zapravo nastaju

and how do they join together

i kako se spajaju

to make delicious foods like fruits and pasta?

i čine ukusnu hranu poput voća i testenina?

It actually all starts with the air

Sve zapravo počinje s vazduhom

you are exhaling this very minute,

koji izdišete baš ovog trenutka,

specifically the carbon dioxide molecules.

tačnije sa molekulima ugljen-dioksida.

Plants are going to breath in

Biljke će udisati

this very same carbon dioxide

isti ovaj ugljen-dioksid

through pores in their skin, called stomata.

kroz pore na svojoj površini, koje se zovu stome.

Plants drink in water from their roots

Biljke piju vodu kroz svoje korenje

to get the needed oxygen and hydrogen atoms,

kako bi dobile potrebne atome kiseonika i vodonika

and their electrons,

i njihove elektrone,

in order to build carbohydrates.

da bi napravile ugljene hidrate.

What is that thing?

Šta je to?

Well, that's a special plant organelle

Pa, to je posebna organela u biljkama

inside the leaves of plants

unutar lišća biljaka

called a chloroplast.

koja se zove hloroplast.

It's green beceause of a special light-absorbing pigment

Zelena je jer ima poseban pigment koji upija svetlo

called chlorophyll.

koji se zove hlorofil.

Each leaf has about 44,000 cells

Svaki list ima oko 44 000 ćelija

and every cell can have anywhere

i svaka ćelija ima između

between 20 to 100 chloroplasts.

20 i 100 hloroplasta.

That's up to 4,400,000 chloroplasts!

To je i do 4 400 000 hloroplasta!

By now, you've probably guessed

Do sada ste verovatno pretpostavili

that we're talking about the process of photosynthesis

da pričamo o procesu fotosinteze

and you might be wondering

i možda se pitate

when the sun is going to make its entrance.

kada će sunce ući u priču.

Let's go back to that original molecule of water.

Hajde da se vratimo na prvobitni molekul vode.

The plant has to split this molecule of water

Biljka mora da rastavi ovaj molekul vode

so it can get electrons from it.

kako bi iz njega dobila elektrone.

But, the plant can't pull that water apart by itself.

Ali biljka ne može sama da rastvori vodu.

It needs help from the high-energy rays of the sun.

Potrebna joj je pomoć visokoenergetskih zraka sunca.

So now that the chloroplast has all the building blocks

Sada kada hloroplast ima sve gradivne materijale

- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and electrons -

- ugljenik, vodonik, kiseonik i elektrone -

it can use them to go through

može da ih iskoristi da prođe

the rest of the steps of photosynthesis

kroz ostatak procesa fotosinteze

to transform that original carbon dioxide gas

i pretvori prvobitni gas ugljen-dioksida

into a simple carbohydrate called glucose,

u jednostavan ugljeni hidrat zvani glukoza,

C-6-H-12-O-6.

C-6-H-12-O-6.

That little glucose molecule then helps to build

Taj mali molekul glukoze onda pomaže da se stvore

bigger and better carbohydrates

veći i bolji ugljeni hidrati,

like cellulose.

poput celuloze.

Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate found in plants

Celuloza je vrsta ugljenog hidrata u biljkama

that our body cannot break down.

koji naša tela ne mogu da razlože.

We call it fiber

To zovemo vlaknima

and we eat it in vegetables like lettuce,

i jedemo ih u povrću poput zelene salate,

broccoli,

and celery.

brokolija

i celera.

Plants use cellulose to keep themselves strong.

Biljke koriste celulozu kako bi ostale jake.

The plant could also turn that glucose into starch,

Biljka takođe može da pretvori glukozu u skrob,

a large molecule that stores energy for the plant.

veliki molekul koji skladišti energiju u biljci.

We love eating starch from plants like potatoes,

Volimo da jedemo skrob iz biljaka poput krompira,

corn,

and rice.

kukuruza

i pirinča.

So you see, when you eat plants,

Vidite, kada jedete biljke,

we're actually benefiting from photosynthesis.

zapravo imate korist od fotosinteze.

The plant makes things like starch,

Biljka pravi stvari poput skroba,

which we eat

koji jedemo,

and then break back down into glucose,

a onda ih ponovo razbija na glukozu,

the first form the plant made.

što je prvi oblik koji je biljka proizvela.

Then, the mitochondria in our cells,

Onda mitohondrije u našim ćelijama,

powered by the oxygen we breath,

kojima kiseonik koji udišemo daje snagu,

can turn glucose into pure energy molecules

mogu da pretvore glukozu u čiste molekule energije,

called ATP.

koji se zovu ATP.

ATP powers all work done

ATP snabdeva energijom sve procese

by each and every one of your cells,

svake od naših ćelija,

things like communication,

stvari poput komunikacije,

movement,

kretanja

and transport.

i transporta.

But why do we have to turn that glucose into ATP?

Ali zašto moramo da pretvaramo tu glukozu u ATP?

Well, think of it like this.

Razmislite o tome na ovaj način.

You're excited to start your summer job

Uzbuđeni ste zbog svog posla preko leta

at the local ice cream stand,

na lokalnom štandu za prodaju sladoleda,

but your boss has just told you

ali šefica vam je upravo rekla

that she is going to pay you in ice cream cones.

da će vas plaćati u sladoledu.

What are you going to be able to do

Šta ćete moći da uradite

with those ice cream cones?

sa tim sladoledima?

Nothing,

Ništa

which is why you kindly asked to be paid in dollars.

i zbog toga ste kulturno pitali da vas plaćaju u dolarima.

ATP is just like dollars.

ATP je poput dolara.

It is the currency that all cells of life use

To je moneta koju koriste sve žive ćelije,

while glucose is,

dok je glukoza

well, kind of like ice cream.

nešto poput sladoleda.

Even plants have mitochondria in their cells

Čak i biljke u svojim ćelijama imaju mitohondrije

to break down the glucose they make into ATP.

da rastvore glukozu koju prave u ATP.

So as you can see,

Kao što možete da vidite,

humans and plants are intricately connected.

ljudi i biljke su neraskidivo povezani.

The air we breath out

Vazduh koji izdišemo

is used by plants to make the carbohydrates

koriste biljke da prave ugljene hidrate

we enjoy so much.

u kojima mi toliko uživamo.

And, in the process,

A u tom procesu,

they are releasing the very same oxygen molecules

ispuštaju iste molekule kiseonika

we need to breath in

koji su nam potrebni za udisanje,

in order that our mitochondria can break down

kako bi naše mitohondrije mogle da rastvore

our delicous carbohydrate meal.

naše ukusne obroke od ugljenih hidrata.