The simple story of photosynthesis and food - Amanda Ooten

Jednostavna priča o fotosintezi i hrani - Amanda Ooten

Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

Prevoditelj: Irma Komljenović Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

Ever wonder where most of the food

Jesi li se ikada zapitao otkud dolazi hrana

you eat every day comes from?

koju jedeš svaki dan?

Well, about 60% of the food you eat

Pa, oko 60% hrane koju jedeš

is carbohydrates.

čine ugljikohidrati.

As you can probably tell from its name,

Po imenu je očito

carbohydrates contain carbon,

da ugljikohidrati sadrže ugljik,

hydrogen,

and oxygen.

vodik,

i kisik.

But where do these atoms originally come from

No otkud ovi atomi dolaze

and how do they join together

i kako se spajaju

to make delicious foods like fruits and pasta?

da čine hranu poput voća ili tjestenine?

It actually all starts with the air

Zapravo počinje sa zrakom

you are exhaling this very minute,

kojeg upravo izdišeš,

specifically the carbon dioxide molecules.

točnije, molekulama ugljikova dioksida.

Plants are going to breath in

Biljke će udisati

this very same carbon dioxide

isti taj ugljikov dioksid

through pores in their skin, called stomata.

kroz pore u njihovoj koži, puči.

Plants drink in water from their roots

Biljke piju vodu iz svojeg korijena

to get the needed oxygen and hydrogen atoms,

da dobiju potrebne atome kisika i vodika

and their electrons,

te njihove elektrone,

in order to build carbohydrates.

kako bi izgradili ugljikohidrate.

What is that thing?

Što je to?

Well, that's a special plant organelle

Pa, to je posebni biljni organel

inside the leaves of plants

koji se nalazi unutar lišća biljaka,

called a chloroplast.

imena kloroplast.

It's green beceause of a special light-absorbing pigment

Zelen je zbog specifičnog pigmenta koji upija svjetlost,

called chlorophyll.

klorofila.

Each leaf has about 44,000 cells

Svaki list ima oko 44,000 stanica,

and every cell can have anywhere

a svaka stanica ima između

between 20 to 100 chloroplasts.

20 i 100 kloroplasta.

That's up to 4,400,000 chloroplasts!

Može biti 4,400,000 kloroplasti!

By now, you've probably guessed

Dosad si već shvatio

that we're talking about the process of photosynthesis

da pričamo o procesu fotosinteze

and you might be wondering

i možda se pitaš

when the sun is going to make its entrance.

kada će Sunce doći u igru.

Let's go back to that original molecule of water.

Vratimo se početnoj molekuli vode.

The plant has to split this molecule of water

Biljka mora podijeliti tu molekulu vode

so it can get electrons from it.

kako bi od nje dobila elektrone.

But, the plant can't pull that water apart by itself.

No, biljka vodu ne može sama razdvojiti.

It needs help from the high-energy rays of the sun.

Treba pomoć od visoko energičnih zraka Sunca.

So now that the chloroplast has all the building blocks

Sad kad kloroplasti imaju sve sastojke

- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and electrons -

- ugljik, vodik, kisik i elektrone -

it can use them to go through

može ih iskoristiti

the rest of the steps of photosynthesis

za ostale korake fotosinteze

to transform that original carbon dioxide gas

kako bi početni plin ugljikov dioksid pretvorili

into a simple carbohydrate called glucose,

u jednostavni ugljikohidrat glukozu,

C-6-H-12-O-6.

C-6-H-12-O-6.

That little glucose molecule then helps to build

Ta malena molekula glukoze pomaže izgraditi

bigger and better carbohydrates

veće i bolje ugljikohidrate

like cellulose.

poput celuloze.

Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate found in plants

Celuloza je vrsta ugljikohidrata koju nalazimo samo u biljkama,

that our body cannot break down.

a naše ju tijelo ne može razgraditi.

We call it fiber

To nazivamo vlaknima,

and we eat it in vegetables like lettuce,

a nalazimo ih u povrću poput salate,

broccoli,

and celery.

brokule,

i celera.

Plants use cellulose to keep themselves strong.

Biljke celuloza učvršćuje.

The plant could also turn that glucose into starch,

Biljka tu glukozu može pretvoriti i u škrob,

a large molecule that stores energy for the plant.

veliku molekulu koja biljci skladišti energiju.

We love eating starch from plants like potatoes,

Volimo jesti škrob iz biljaka poput krumpira,

corn,

and rice.

kukuruza,

i riže.

So you see, when you eat plants,

Vidiš, kad jedeš biljke,

we're actually benefiting from photosynthesis.

imaš korist od fotosinteze.

The plant makes things like starch,

Biljka stvara spojeve poput škroba,

which we eat

koje jedemo

and then break back down into glucose,

pa razgrađujemo u glukozu,

the first form the plant made.

izvorni oblik koji je biljka napravila.

Then, the mitochondria in our cells,

Onda mitohondriji u našim stanicama,

powered by the oxygen we breath,

pokretani kisikom koji dišemo,

can turn glucose into pure energy molecules

glukozu pretvaraju u molekulu punu energije,

called ATP.

ATP.

ATP powers all work done

ATP pokreće sav rad

by each and every one of your cells,

koji sve tvoje stanice rade,

things like communication,

poslove poput komunikacije,

movement,

kretnje,

and transport.

i transporta.

But why do we have to turn that glucose into ATP?

Ali zašto tu glukozu trebamo pretvarati u ATP?

Well, think of it like this.

Gledaj na to ovako.

You're excited to start your summer job

Veseliš se započeti svoj ljetni posao

at the local ice cream stand,

na lokalnom štandu sa sladoledom,

but your boss has just told you

ali šefica ti je upravo rekla

that she is going to pay you in ice cream cones.

da će ti plaćati u kornetima.

What are you going to be able to do

Što možeš napraviti

with those ice cream cones?

s tim kornetima?

Nothing,

Ništa,

which is why you kindly asked to be paid in dollars.

zato ju lijepo zamoliš da ti plati u dolarima.

ATP is just like dollars.

ATP je poput dolara.

It is the currency that all cells of life use

Valuta je koju sve žive stanice koriste

while glucose is,

dok je glukoza,

well, kind of like ice cream.

pa, recimo, sladoled.

Even plants have mitochondria in their cells

Čak i biljke imaju mitohondrije u svojim stanicama

to break down the glucose they make into ATP.

kako bi razgradili glukozu iz koje stvaraju ATP.

So as you can see,

Kao što vidiš,

humans and plants are intricately connected.

ljudi i biljke blisko su povezani.

The air we breath out

Iz zraka kojeg izdišemo

is used by plants to make the carbohydrates

biljke stvaraju ugljikohidrate

we enjoy so much.

u kojima mi uživamo.

And, in the process,

U istom tom procesu

they are releasing the very same oxygen molecules

otpuštaju iste molekule kisika

we need to breath in

koje mi moramo udisati

in order that our mitochondria can break down

kako bi naši mitohondriji mogli razložiti

our delicous carbohydrate meal.

ukusni obrok s ugljikohidratima.