How ancient art influenced modern art - Felipe Galindo

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

The term modern art sounds like it means art that is popular at the moment,

Termin moderna umetnost asocira nas na umetnost koja je trenutno popularna,

but in fact, modern art is a style that originated over 150 years ago,

ali, zapravo, moderna umetnost je stil koji je nastao pre 150 godina

and includes artists that by now have attained classic status,

i koji uključuje umetnike koji su do sad stekli klasični status,

such as Picasso, Matisse, and Gauguin.

poput Pikasa, Matisa i Gogena.

And what's even more ironic is that the movement they pioneered,

A još je ironičnije da je pokret čiji su oni bili pioniri,

considered revolutionary and even scandalous at the time,

koji je nekad smatran revolucionarnim, pa čak i skandaloznim,

was inspired largely by an object of a traditional and ancient design.

značajno inspirisan objektom tradicionalnog i drevnog dizajna.

As far back as the Renaissance,

Skroz nazad do renesanse,

the primary European art movements emphasized conventional representation

vodeći evropski umetnički pokreti su naglašavali konvencionalno prikazivanje

and adherence to classical forms.

i privrženost klasičnim formama.

But that began to change in the late 19th century

No to je počelo da se menja tokom kasnog XIX veka,

as artists like Van Gogh and Cézanne expanded the boundaries of painting.

kad su umetnici, poput Van Goga i Sezana, pomerili granice slikarstva.

Soon, a movement arose that sought to create an entirely new style of art,

Uskoro je nastao novi pokret koji je težio stvaranju potpuno novog umetničkog stila,

and one way of doing so was to look beyond Western civilization.

a postizali su to, između ostalog, traganjem van zapadne civilizacije.

For example, Paul Gauguin moved to the island of Tahiti in the 1890s.

Na primer, Pol Gogen se preselio na ostrvo Tahiti 1890-ih.

There, he found inspiration in the island's inhabitants, landscape, and culture

Tu je pronašao inspiraciju u stanovnicima ostrva, pejzažu i kulturi

to create artwork that intertwined European themes and Polynesian lore.

da bi stvorio umetnost u kojoj se prepliću evropske teme i polinezijski folklor.

Others looked the cultures of the Islamic world,

Drugi su izučavali kulture islamskog sveta,

but the most influential inspiration would come from Sub-Saharan Africa.

ali najuticajnija inspiracija će da stigne iz podsaharske Afrike.

As European empires expanded deeper into the African continent,

Kako su se evropska carstva širila sve dublje u afričkom kontinentu,

its artifacts and artworks made their way into the hands of museums and collectors.

njegovi artefakti i umetnost su se našli u rukama muzeja i sakupljača.

One such collector was Henri Matisse,

Jedan od tih sakupljača je bio Anri Matis.

who showed his friend Picasso a mask he had acquired

On je pokazao svom prijatelju Pikasu masku koju je nabavio,

made by the Dan tribe of the Ivory Coast.

a koja je napravljena u plemenu Dan iz Obale Slonovače.

The mask awoke Picasso's curiosity,

Maska je probudila znatiželju kod Pikasa,

leading him to visit the Trocadéro Ethnographic Museum in Paris in 1907.

koja ga je navela da 1907. poseti etnografski muzej Trokadero u Parizu,

Founded to house acquisitions from colonial conquests,

osnovan da bi u njemu bile tekovine iz kolonijalističkih pohoda.

the museum boasted a collection of African art,

Muzej se razmetao kolekcijom afričke umetnosti,

with stylized figures and masks made of wood

stilizovanim figurama i maskama napravljenim od drveta

and decorated with simple colors and materials.

i ukrašenim jednostavnim bojama i materijalima.

The visit was a revelation for Picasso,

Poseta je bila otkrovenje za Pikasa,

who proclaimed that African masks were what painting was all about.

koji je obznanio da su afričke maske sve na što se svodilo slikarstvo.

At this time, Picasso had been working on a painting of five nude women

U to vreme je Pikaso radio na slici pet golih žena,

in a style that would later come to be known as Cubism.

stilom koji će kasnije postati poznat kao kubizam.

And while three of these ladies show facial features

I dok tri dame pokazuju crte lica

found in ancient Iberian art,

kakve nalazimo u iberijskoj umetnosti,

a nod to Picasso's Spanish heritage,

što odaje Pikasovo špansko poreklo,

the faces of the two on the right closely resemble African masks.

lica dve s desna su veoma slična afričkim maskama.

Created in 1907 after hundreds of sketches and studies,

Slika je nastala 1907. nakon stotina skica i izučavanja;

"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"

"Gospođice iz Avinjona"

has been considered the first truly 20th century masterpiece,

se smatraju prvim istinskim remek-delom dvadesetog veka,

breaking with many previously held notions in art.

koje raskida s mnogim ranijim predstavama o umetnosti.

It was at once aggressive and abstract,

Istovremeno slika je bila agresivna i apstraktna,

distorted yet primal in its raw geometry,

izobličena, a opet iskonska zbog svoje ogoljene geometrije,

a new artistic language with new forms, colors, and meanings.

novi umetnički jezik, novih formi, boja i značenja.

And these avant-garde qualities caused a sensation

A ove avangardne osobine su uzrokovale senzaciju

when the painting was first exhibited almost ten years later.

kada je slika prvi put izložena skoro deset godina kasnije.

The public was shocked,

Publika je bila u šoku,

critics denounced it as immoral,

kritika je proglasila nemoralnom,

and even Picasso's own friends were simultaneously surprised,

a čak su i Pikasovi prijatelji u isti mah bili iznenađeni,

offended,

uvređeni

and mesmerized at his audacity.

i očarani njenom odvažnošću.

More artists soon followed in Picasso's footsteps.

Sve više umetnika je uskoro krenulo Pikasovim stopama.

Constantin Brâncuși and Amedeo Modigliani in Paris,

Konstantin Brankuzi i Amadeo Modiljani iz Pariza,

as well as the German Expressionists,

kao i nemački ekspresionisti,

all drew on the aesthetics of African sculptures in their work.

svi su bili podstaknuti estetikom afričkih skulptura u svom stvaranju.

Others looked to a different continent for their inspiration.

Drugi su se okrenuli drugim kontinentima tražeći inspiraciju.

British sculptor Henry Moore based many of his semi-abstract bronze sculptures

Britanski skulptor Henri Mur je zasnovao

mnoge od svojih poluapstraktnih bronzanih skulptura

on a replica of a chacmool,

na replici čakmula,

a distinctive reclining statue from the Toltec-Maya culture.

karakterističnih kipova u poluležećem položaju iz toltečko-majanske kulture.

Pre-Columbian art was also a major influence for Josef Albers.

Pretkolumbovska umetnost je takođe imala veliki uticaj na Jozefa Albersa.

He created a series of compositions,

Stvorio je niz kompozicija,

such as the geometrical series Homage to the Square,

poput geometrijskog niza: "Omaž kvadratu",

that were inspired by pyramids and local art

koji je inspirisan piramidama i lokalnom umetnošću

he encountered on his frequent visits to Mexico.

koje je otkrio tokom svojih čestih poseta Meksiku.

Inspiration from ancient cultures

Inspiracija drevnim kulturama

initiated one of the most revolutionary movements in art history,

je pokrenula jedan od najrevolucionarnijih pokreta u istoriji umetnosti,

but were these artists playing the role of explorers or conquistadors,

ali da li su ovi umetnici odigrali ulogu istraživača ili osvajača,

appropriating ideas and profiting from cultures they considered primitive?

prisvajajući ideje i profitirajući od kultura koje su smatrali primitivnim?

Questions like this deserve scrutiny, as artists continue to redefine standards.

Ovakva pitanja zaslužuju ispitivanje, dok umetnici i dalje redefinišu standarde.

Perhaps not too long from now,

Možda neće proći mnogo vremena

the bold innovations of modern art will seem like stale orthodoxies,

kad će odvažne inovacije moderne umetnosti da se smatraju bajatim zastrelostima,

ready to be overturned by a new set of radical trailblazers

spremnim za svrgavanje od strane novog niza radikalnih pionira

drawing inspiration from another unlikely source.

koji će da crpe inspiraciju iz nekog drugog neočekivanog izvora.