How ancient art influenced modern art - Felipe Galindo

411,124 views ・ 2016-02-25

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Minjeong Shin κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
The term modern art sounds like it means art that is popular at the moment,
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ν˜„λŒ€ 미술이라고 ν•˜λ©΄ ν˜„μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 유λͺ…ν•œ λ―Έμˆ μ„ λœ»ν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μ§€λ§Œ
00:11
but in fact, modern art is a style that originated over 150 years ago,
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사싀 ν˜„λŒ€ λ―Έμˆ μ€ μ•½ 150λ…„ μ „μœΌλ‘œ λΆ€ν„° κ·Όμ›λœ 양식이고
00:17
and includes artists that by now have attained classic status,
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ν˜„λŒ€ 미술의 λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ κ±°μž₯μœΌλ‘œλŠ”
00:21
such as Picasso, Matisse, and Gauguin.
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ν”ΌμΉ΄μ†Œ, λ§ˆν‹°μŠ€, κ³ κ°± 등이 있죠.
00:24
And what's even more ironic is that the movement they pioneered,
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λ”μš± 역섀적인 것은 λ‹Ήμ‹œ 맀우 혁λͺ…적이고
00:27
considered revolutionary and even scandalous at the time,
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심지어 좩격적이라고 μƒκ°λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°œμ²™μ μΈ μ›€μ§μž„μ΄
00:31
was inspired largely by an object of a traditional and ancient design.
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사싀은 κ³ λŒ€μ˜ μ–‘μ‹μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ˜κ°μ„ λ°›μ•„ νƒ„μƒλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
As far back as the Renaissance,
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λ₯΄λ„€μƒμŠ€μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λ³΄λ©΄
00:39
the primary European art movements emphasized conventional representation
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초기의 유럽 λ―Έμˆ μ€ 전톡적인 ν‘œν˜„μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
00:44
and adherence to classical forms.
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고전적인 ν˜•μ‹μ„ κ³ μˆ˜ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
But that began to change in the late 19th century
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 19μ„ΈκΈ° 말이 λ˜λ©΄μ„œ λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
00:50
as artists like Van Gogh and CΓ©zanne expanded the boundaries of painting.
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반 고흐, μ„Έμž”κ³Ό 같은 화가듀이 νšŒν™”μ˜ 경계λ₯Ό λ„“νžˆκ²Œ λ˜λ©΄μ„œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Soon, a movement arose that sought to create an entirely new style of art,
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곧이어 μ™„μ „νžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ–‘μ‹μ˜ μ˜ˆμˆ μ„ μ°ΎλŠ” μ›€μ§μž„μ΄ 일어났고
00:59
and one way of doing so was to look beyond Western civilization.
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κ·Έ 쀑에 ν•œ 방법은 μ„œκ΅¬ λ¬Έλͺ… λ„ˆλ¨Έλ₯Ό λ‚΄λ‹€ λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
For example, Paul Gauguin moved to the island of Tahiti in the 1890s.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 폴 고갱은 1890λ…„ λŒ€μ— νƒ€νžˆν‹°μ˜ ν•œ μ„¬μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μ„œ
01:09
There, he found inspiration in the island's inhabitants, landscape, and culture
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κ·Έ μ„¬μ˜ μ£Όλ―Όλ“€, μ§€ν˜•, λ¬Έν™”μ—μ„œ μ˜κ°μ„ μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
to create artwork that intertwined European themes and Polynesian lore.
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그리고 유럽과 ν΄λ¦¬λ„€μ‹œμ•ˆ 전톡이 뒀엉킨 μž‘ν’ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒˆμ£ .
01:20
Others looked the cultures of the Islamic world,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이슬람 μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μ˜κ°μ„ 찾기도 ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
01:22
but the most influential inspiration would come from Sub-Saharan Africa.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 영ν–₯을 μ€€ 곳은 λ°”λ‘œ μ‚¬ν•˜λΌ 사막 μ΄λ‚¨μ˜ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
As European empires expanded deeper into the African continent,
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유럽의 μ œκ΅­λ“€μ΄ 아프리카 λŒ€λ₯™μœΌλ‘œ μ˜μ—­μ„ λ„“νžˆλ©΄μ„œ
01:32
its artifacts and artworks made their way into the hands of museums and collectors.
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λ§Žμ€ κ³΅μ˜ˆν’ˆλ“€κ³Ό μ˜ˆμˆ ν’ˆλ“€μ΄ λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€κ³Ό μˆ˜μ§‘κ°€λ“€μ„ 톡해 μ „ν•΄μ‘Œμ£ .
01:37
One such collector was Henri Matisse,
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앙리 λ§ˆν‹°μŠ€λ„ κ·Έ μˆ˜μ§‘κ°€λ“€ 쀑에 ν•œ λͺ…μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
who showed his friend Picasso a mask he had acquired
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κ·ΈλŠ” 친ꡬ ν”ΌμΉ΄μ†Œμ—κ²Œ κ·Έκ°€ μˆ˜μ§‘ν•œ 가면을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
01:43
made by the Dan tribe of the Ivory Coast.
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그것은 μ½”νŠΈλ””λΆ€μ•„λ₯΄μ˜ λ‹¨μ§€νŒŒ 뢀쑱이 λ§Œλ“  κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
The mask awoke Picasso's curiosity,
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κ·Έ 가면은 ν”ΌμΉ΄μ†Œμ˜ 관심을 λŒμ—ˆκ³ 
01:48
leading him to visit the TrocadΓ©ro Ethnographic Museum in Paris in 1907.
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1907λ…„ κ·Έκ°€ 파리의 인λ₯˜ν•™ 박물관을 λ°©λ¬Έν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 계기가 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
01:55
Founded to house acquisitions from colonial conquests,
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μ›μ‹œ κ°€μ˜₯의 ν˜•νƒœλΆ€ν„° 식민지 정볡 μ‹œμ ˆκΉŒμ§€
01:58
the museum boasted a collection of African art,
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κ·Έ 박물관은 각쒅 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μ˜ˆμˆ ν’ˆλ“€μ„ λ½λƒˆκ³ 
02:01
with stylized figures and masks made of wood
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κ·Έ μ€‘μ—λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 색깔과 재료둜 꾸며진
02:04
and decorated with simple colors and materials.
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λ‚˜λ¬΄ 가면듀도 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
The visit was a revelation for Picasso,
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이 방문은 ν”ΌμΉ΄μ†Œμ— μ—„μ²­λ‚œ κ³„μ‹œκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
who proclaimed that African masks were what painting was all about.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 아프리카 가면이야 말둜 미술의 μ§„μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμ£ .
02:15
At this time, Picasso had been working on a painting of five nude women
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이 λ•Œ ν”ΌμΉ΄μ†ŒλŠ” λ‹€μ„―λͺ…μ˜ λ‚˜μ²΄ 여인 그림을 그리고 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
02:19
in a style that would later come to be known as Cubism.
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이 양식은 좔후에 μž…μ²΄μ£Όμ˜λΌκ³  뢈리게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
And while three of these ladies show facial features
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μ—¬κΈ° μ„Έλͺ…μ˜ μ—¬μΈμ˜ 얼꡴은 κ³ λŒ€ 이베리아 λ°˜λ„μ˜
02:25
found in ancient Iberian art,
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예술 μ–‘μ‹μ—μ„œ μ°Ύμ•„λ³Ό 수 있으며
02:27
a nod to Picasso's Spanish heritage,
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슀페인 μΆœμ‹ μΈ ν”ΌμΉ΄μ†Œμ˜ ν˜ˆν†΅λ„ 살짝 μ—Ώλ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
the faces of the two on the right closely resemble African masks.
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였λ₯Έμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” 두 μ–Όκ΅΄μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλŠ” 아프리카 κ°€λ©΄κ³Ό 맀우 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
Created in 1907 after hundreds of sketches and studies,
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수백 μž₯의 μŠ΅μž‘κ³Ό 연ꡬλ₯Ό 거쳐 1907년에 μ™„μ„±λœ
02:38
"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"
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"μ•„λΉ„λ‡½μ˜ μ²˜λ…€λ“€"은
02:40
has been considered the first truly 20th century masterpiece,
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μ’…μ „μ˜ 고정관념을 κΉ¨λœ¨λ¦¬λŠ” 20μ„ΈκΈ° 미술의
02:43
breaking with many previously held notions in art.
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졜초의 κ±Έμž‘μœΌλ‘œ 여겨지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:46
It was at once aggressive and abstract,
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κ³΅κ²©μ μ΄λ©΄μ„œλ„ λ™μ‹œμ— 좔상적이고
02:49
distorted yet primal in its raw geometry,
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μ›μ‹œμ μΈ κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„ λΉ„λš€μ–΄μ Έ 있죠.
02:52
a new artistic language with new forms, colors, and meanings.
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μ΄λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜•νƒœ, 색깔과 의미λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‘°ν˜•μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ μ°½μ‘°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
And these avant-garde qualities caused a sensation
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ „μœ„μ μΈ ν‘œν˜„μ€ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 파μž₯을 λͺ°κ³  μ™”λŠ”λ°
03:00
when the painting was first exhibited almost ten years later.
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거의 μ‹­λ…„ ν›„ 이 μž‘ν’ˆμ΄ 처음 μ „μ‹œλ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
03:04
The public was shocked,
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ꡰ쀑듀은 좩격을 λ°›μ•˜κ³ 
03:06
critics denounced it as immoral,
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비평가듀은 비도덕적이라고 맹렬히 λΉ„λ‚œν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
and even Picasso's own friends were simultaneously surprised,
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심지어 ν”ΌμΉ΄μ†Œμ˜ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€ μ‘°μ°¨ λͺ¨λ‘ 맀우 λ†€λžκ³ 
03:11
offended,
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λΆˆμΎŒν•΄ ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
03:12
and mesmerized at his audacity.
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λ™μ‹œμ— 그의 λŒ€λ‹΄ν•¨μ— λ§€λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
03:15
More artists soon followed in Picasso's footsteps.
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곧이어 λ§Žμ€ μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€λ“€μ΄ ν”ΌμΉ΄μ†Œμ˜ λ’€λ₯Ό μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
Constantin BrΓ’ncuΘ™i and Amedeo Modigliani in Paris,
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파리의 μ½˜μŠ€νƒ„ν‹΄ λΈŒλž‘μΏ μ‹œμ™€ μ•„λ©”λ°μ˜€ λͺ¨λ”œλ¦¬μ•„λ‹ˆλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:23
as well as the German Expressionists,
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λ…μΌμ˜ ν‘œν˜„μ£Όμ˜ 화가듀도 아프리카 쑰각의 미학을
03:25
all drew on the aesthetics of African sculptures in their work.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆμ— μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ κ·Έ λ’€λ₯Ό λ”°λžμ£ .
03:29
Others looked to a different continent for their inspiration.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μ—¬λŸ¬ λ‹€λ₯Έ λŒ€λ₯™μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ˜κ°μ„ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
British sculptor Henry Moore based many of his semi-abstract bronze sculptures
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영ꡭ 쑰각가인 헨리 λ¬΄μ–΄λŠ” 그의 λ°˜μΆ”μƒμ  동상 μž‘ν’ˆλ“€μ„
03:37
on a replica of a chacmool,
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톨텍-λ§ˆμ•Ό λ¬Έλͺ…μ˜ λ…νŠΉν•œ 와상인
03:39
a distinctive reclining statue from the Toltec-Maya culture.
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착물의 ν˜•μƒμ„ λ³Έλ”°μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³ 
03:44
Pre-Columbian art was also a major influence for Josef Albers.
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κ³ λŒ€ μ•„λ©”λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μ˜ˆμˆ μ–‘μ‹μ€ μš”μ œν”„ μ•Œλ² λ₯΄μŠ€μ—κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
He created a series of compositions,
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κ·ΈλŠ” κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ μΈ λ„ν˜•λ“€μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ μž‘ν’ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
03:50
such as the geometrical series Homage to the Square,
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"μ •μ‚¬κ°ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•œ 였마주"λŠ”
03:54
that were inspired by pyramids and local art
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ν”ΌλΌλ―Έλ“œμ™€ κ·Έκ°€ 자주 λ©•μ‹œμ½”λ₯Ό λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©° 마주쳀던
03:56
he encountered on his frequent visits to Mexico.
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지역 μ˜ˆμˆ μ— 영ν–₯을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
Inspiration from ancient cultures
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κ³ λŒ€ λ¬Έν™”λ‘œ λΆ€ν„°μ˜ μ˜κ°μ€
04:02
initiated one of the most revolutionary movements in art history,
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λ―Έμˆ μ‚¬μ—μ„œμ˜ κ°€μž₯ 혁λͺ…적인 μ›€μ§μž„μ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄ λƒˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:06
but were these artists playing the role of explorers or conquistadors,
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€λ“€μ€ κ³ λŒ€μ˜ λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό λ„μš©ν•΄ 이읡을 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•œ
04:11
appropriating ideas and profiting from cultures they considered primitive?
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νƒν—˜κ°€λ‚˜ μ •λ³΅μžμ˜ 역할을 ν•œ κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
04:15
Questions like this deserve scrutiny, as artists continue to redefine standards.
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μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€λ“€μ€ λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ 기쀀을 μž¬μ •λ¦½ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ μ’€ 더 쑰사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
Perhaps not too long from now,
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μ–Όλ§ˆ μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„
04:22
the bold innovations of modern art will seem like stale orthodoxies,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λŒ€λ‹΄ν•œ ν˜„λŒ€ 미술이 케케묡은 κ΄€ν–‰μ²˜λŸΌ 보이게 되고
04:27
ready to be overturned by a new set of radical trailblazers
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 급진적 κ°œμ²™μžλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ λ’€μ§‘νžˆκ²Œ 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
drawing inspiration from another unlikely source.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 생각지도 λͺ»ν•œ 영감으둜 λΆ€ν„° 말이죠.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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