History vs. Augustus - Peta Greenfield & Alex Gendler

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

His reign marked the beginning of one of history’s greatest empires

Njegova vladavina označava početak jednog od najvećih carstava u istoriji

and the end of one of its first republics.

i kraj jedne od prvih republika.

Was Rome’s first emperor

Da li je prvi rimski car bio

a visionary leader who guaranteed his civilization’s place in history

vođa i vizionar koji je zagarantovao svojoj civilizaciji mesto u istoriji

or a tyrant who destroyed its core values?

ili tiranin koji je uništio njene ključne vrednosti?

Find out in History versus Augustus.

Saznajte u: „Istoriji protiv Avgusta”.

Order, order.

Mir, mir.

The defendant today is Gaius Octavius?

Današnji optuženi je Gaj Oktavijan?

Gaius Julius Caesar/Augustus...

Gaj Julije Cezar/Avgust...

Do we have the wrong guy?

Imamo li pogrešnog čoveka?

No, your Honor.

Ne, časni sude.

Gaius Octavius, born in 63 BCE, was the grand-nephew of Julius Caesar.

Gaj Oktavijan, rođen 63. godine p. n. e, bio je pranećak Julija Cezara.

He became Gaius Julius Caesar

Postao je Gaj Julije Cezar

upon being named his great-uncle’s adoptive son and heir.

naimenovan praujakovim usvojenim sinom i naslednikom.

And he gained the title Augustus in 27 BCE

A titulu Avgusta je stekao 27. godine p. n. e,

when the Senate granted him additional honors.

kada mu je senat dodelio dodatne počasti.

You mean when he established sole authority and became emperor of Rome.

Misliš kad je sebe proglasio jedinim vladarom i postao rimski car.

Is that bad?

Da li je to loše?

Didn’t every place have some king or emperor back then?

Zar nije svako mesto nekada imalo nekakvog kralja ili cara?

Actually, your Honor,

Zapravo, časni sude,

the Roman people had overthrown their kings centuries before

rimski narod je zbacio svoje kraljeve vekovima ranije

to establish a republic,

kako bi uspostavio republiku,

a government meant to serve the people, not the privilege of a ruling family.

vladu koja je trebalo da služi narodu, a ne privilegijama vladajuće porodice.

And it was Octavius who destroyed this tradition.

A Oktavijan je uništio ovu tradiciju.

Octavius was a model public servant.

Oktavijan je bio uzoran javni službenik.

At 16, he was elected to the College of Pontiffs

Sa 16 godina je izabran u Kolegijum pontifika

that supervised religious worship.

koji je nadgledao religijske obrede.

He fought for Rome in Hispania alongside his great-uncle Caesar

Borio se za Rim u Hispaniji uz svog praujaka Cezara

and took up the responsibility of avenging Caesar’s death

i preuzeo je na sebe odgovornost za odmazdu zbog Cezarove smrti

when the corrupt oligarchs in the Senate betrayed and murdered him.

kada su ga korumpirani oligarsi iz senata izdali i ubili.

Caesar had been a power-hungry tyrant who tried to make himself a king

Cezar je bio tiranin žedan moći koji je pokušao da sebe proglasi kraljem

while consorting with his Egyptian queen Cleopatra.

udružujući se sa egipatskom kraljicom Kleopatrom.

After his death,

Nakon njegove smrti,

Octavius joined his general Mark Antony

Oktavijan se pridružio svom generalu Marku Antoniju,

in starting a civil war that tore Rome apart,

otpočinjući time građanski rat koji je razorio Rim,

then stabbed his ally in the back to increase his own power.

a potom je zabio nož u leđa svom savezniku da bi uvećao sopstvenu moć.

Antony was a fool.

Antonije je bio budala.

He waged a disastrous campaign in Parthia

Vodio je katastrofalnu kampanju u Partiji

and plotted to turn Roman territories

i kovao je zaveru da rimske teritorije pretvori

into personal kingdoms for himself and Cleopatra.

u lična kraljevstva za njega i Kleopatru.

Isn’t that what Caesar had been accused of?

Zar nije Cezar bio optužen za to?

Well...

Pa...

So Octavius destroyed Antony for trying to become a king

Oktavijan je uništio Antonija jer je pokušavao da bude kralj,

and then became one himself?

a onda je i sam postao kralj?

That’s right.

Tako je.

You can see the megalomania even in his adopted title – "The Illustrious One."

Možete da vidite megalomaniju

čak i u tituli koju je prisvojio - „uzvišeni”.

That was a religious honorific.

To je bila religijska počast.

And Augustus didn’t seek power for his own sake.

I Avgust nije jurio moć zarad sebe.

As winner of the civil war and commander of the most troops,

Kao pobednik u građanskom ratu i zapovednik većine četa,

it was his duty to restore law and order to Rome

njegova dužnost je bila da uspostavi zakon i red u Rimu

so that other factions didn’t continue fighting.

kako druge frakcije ne bi nastavile da ratuju.

He didn’t restore the law - he made it subordinate to him!

Nije uspostavio zakon - učinio ga je podređenim sebi!

Not true.

Nije tačno.

Augustus worked to restore the Senate’s prestige,

Avgust je radio na tome da senatu vrati prestiž,

improved food security for the lower classes,

unapredio je bezbednost hrane za niže klase

and relinquished control of the army when he resigned his consul post.

i odrekao se kontrole nad vojskom kada se povukao sa mesta konzula.

Mere optics.

Puki privid.

He used his military influence and personal wealth

Koristio je vojni uticaj i lično bogatstvo

to stack the Senate in his favor,

da pridobije naklonost senata,

while retaining the powers of a tribune

istovremeno zadržavajući moć tribuna

and the right to celebrate military triumphs.

i pravo na proslavu vojnih uspeha.

He kept control of provinces with the most legions.

Zadržao je kontrolu nad pokrajinama sa najvećim brojem legija.

And if that wasn’t enough,

A kao da to nije dovoljno,

he assumed the consul position twice more to promote his grandchildren.

preuzeo je poziciju konzula još dvaput kako bi unapredio svoje unuke.

He was clearly trying to establish a dynasty.

Očito je pokušavao da uspostavi dinastiju.

But what did he do with all that power?

Međutim, šta je uradio sa svom tom moći?

Glad you asked, your Honor.

Drago mi je što ste pitali, časni sude.

Augustus’s accomplishments were almost too many to name.

Avgustova dostignuća su gotovo prekobrojna da bismo ih nabrajali.

He established consistent taxation for all provinces,

Uspostavio je dosledno oporezivanje širom pokrajina,

ending private exploitation by local tax officials.

okončavši privatnu eksploataciju lokalnih poreskih zvaničnika.

He personally financed a network of roads and employed couriers

Lično je finansirao mrežu puteva i zapošljavao je kurire

so news and troops could travel easily throughout the realm.

kako bi vesti i čete mogle da putuju lako širom carstva.

And it was under Augustus

I pod Avgustom

that many of Rome’s famous public buildings were constructed.

je izgrađen najveći broj čuvenih rimskih javnih građevina.

The writers of the time were nearly unanimous in praising his rule.

Pisci tog vremena su skoro jednoglasno hvalili njegov vladavinu.

Did the writers have any other choice?

Da li su pisci imali drugog izbora?

Augustus exiled plenty of people on vague charges,

Avgust je prognao dovoljan broj ljudi na osnovu nejasnih optužbi,

including Ovid, one of Rome’s greatest poets.

uključujući Ovidija, jednog od najvećih rimskih pesnika.

And you forgot to mention the intrusive laws regarding citizens’ personal lives –

A zaboravljaš da spomeneš nametljive zakone u vezi sa ličnim životima građana -

punishing adultery,

kažnjavanje preljube,

restricting marriage between social classes,

ograničavanje braka između društvenih klasa,

even penalties for remaining unmarried.

čak i kazne za usedelice.

He was trying to improve the citizenry and instill discipline.

Pokušavao je da unapredi građanski duh i da usadi disciplinu.

And he succeeded.

I uspeo je.

His legacy speaks for itself:

Njegova ostavština govori za sebe:

40 years of internal stability,

40 godina unutrašnje stabilnosti,

a professional army that expanded Rome’s frontiers in all directions,

profesionalna vojska koja je proširila granice Rima u svim pravcima

and a government still remembered as a model of civic virtue.

i vladu koju i dan-danas pamtimo kao uzor građanske vrline.

His legacy was an empire

Njegova ostavština je bilo carstvo

that would go on to wage endless conquest until it collapsed,

koje će da predvodi beskrajne osvajačke pohode sve do njegovog pada,

and a tradition of military autocracy.

kao i tradicija vojne autokratije.

Any time a dictator in a general’s uniform commits atrocities

Svaki put kada diktator u uniformi generala počini zverstva

while claiming to act on behalf of "the people,"

tvrdeći da je u službi „naroda”,

we have Augustus Caesar to thank.

imamo da zahvalimo Avgustu Cezaru.

So you’re saying Augustus was a good emperor,

Dakle, kažeš da je Avgust bio dobar car,

and you’re saying there’s no such thing?

a ti kažeš da takvo šta ne postoji?

We’re used to celebrating historical leaders

Navikli smo da slavimo istorijske vođe

for their achievements and victories.

zbog njihovih dostignuća i pobeda.

But to ask whether an individual should have such power in the first place

Međutim, zapitati se da li bi pojedinac trebalo da ima toliku moć na prvom mestu

is to put history itself on trial.

znači staviti samu istoriju na suđenje.