History vs. Augustus - Peta Greenfield & Alex Gendler

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Senzos Osijek

His reign marked the beginning of one of history’s greatest empires

Njegova vladavina označila je početak jednog od najvećih carstava

and the end of one of its first republics.

i kraj jedne od prvih republika.

Was Rome’s first emperor

Je li prvi vladar Rima

a visionary leader who guaranteed his civilization’s place in history

bio vizionarski vođa koji je garantirao mjesto u povijesti

or a tyrant who destroyed its core values?

ili tiranin koji je uništio njegove osnovne vrijednosti?

Find out in History versus Augustus.

Saznajte u Povijest protiv Augusta.

Order, order.

Mir, mir.

The defendant today is Gaius Octavius?

Optuženi danas je Gaj Oktavije?

Gaius Julius Caesar/Augustus...

Gaj Julije Cezar / August...

Do we have the wrong guy?

Imamo li krivog tipa?

No, your Honor.

Ne, časni sude.

Gaius Octavius, born in 63 BCE, was the grand-nephew of Julius Caesar.

Gaj Oktavije, rođen 63. PNE, bio je pranećak Julija Cezara.

He became Gaius Julius Caesar

Postao je Gaj Julije Cezar

upon being named his great-uncle’s adoptive son and heir.

kada su ga nazvali posvojenim sinom praujaka i nasljednikom.

And he gained the title Augustus in 27 BCE

A naslov August dobio je 27. PNE

when the Senate granted him additional honors.

kada mu je Senat dodijelio dodatne počasti.

You mean when he established sole authority and became emperor of Rome.

Mislite kada je sam zavladao i postao car Rima?

Is that bad?

Je li to loše?

Didn’t every place have some king or emperor back then?

Nije li svako mjesto imalo nekog kralja ili cara tada?

Actually, your Honor,

Zapravo, časni sude,

the Roman people had overthrown their kings centuries before

Rimljani su zbacili kraljeve s vlasti stoljećima prije

to establish a republic,

kako bi uspostavili republiku,

a government meant to serve the people, not the privilege of a ruling family.

vladu namijenjenu služenju ljudima, ne za privilegije vladajuće obitelji.

And it was Octavius who destroyed this tradition.

I Oktavije je uništio ovu tradiciju.

Octavius was a model public servant.

Oktavije je bio uzoran sluga javnosti.

At 16, he was elected to the College of Pontiffs

Sa 16, izabran je u Kolegij Pontifeksa

that supervised religious worship.

koji je nadzirao vjersko štovanje.

He fought for Rome in Hispania alongside his great-uncle Caesar

Borio se za rim u Španjolskoj sa svojim praujakom Cezarom

and took up the responsibility of avenging Caesar’s death

i uzeo na sebe dužnost da osveti Cezarovu smrt

when the corrupt oligarchs in the Senate betrayed and murdered him.

kada su ga korumpirani oligarsi u Senatu izdali i ubili.

Caesar had been a power-hungry tyrant who tried to make himself a king

Cezar je bio tiranin gladan moći koji je pokušao postati kralj

while consorting with his Egyptian queen Cleopatra.

dok je surađivao s egipatskom kraljicom Kleopatrom.

After his death,

Poslije njegove smrti,

Octavius joined his general Mark Antony

Oktaviju se pridružio njegov general Marko Antonije

in starting a civil war that tore Rome apart,

u započinjanu građanskog rata koji je razorio rim,

then stabbed his ally in the back to increase his own power.

a zatim mu je zabio nož u leđa kako bi povećao svoju moć.

Antony was a fool.

Antonije je bio budala.

He waged a disastrous campaign in Parthia

Vodio je užasan rat u Parthii

and plotted to turn Roman territories

i planirao je pretvoriti rimske teritorije

into personal kingdoms for himself and Cleopatra.

u osobna kraljevstva za sebe i Kleopatru.

Isn’t that what Caesar had been accused of?

Nije li to ono za što su optužili Cezara?

Well...

Pa...

So Octavius destroyed Antony for trying to become a king

Oktavije je uništio Antonija jer je pokušao postati kralj

and then became one himself?

i onda sam postao kralj?

That’s right.

Tako je.

You can see the megalomania even in his adopted title – "The Illustrious One."

Možete vidjeti megalomaniju i u usvojenom nazivu - "Slavni."

That was a religious honorific.

To je bila vjerska čast.

And Augustus didn’t seek power for his own sake.

I August nije tražio moć za sebe.

As winner of the civil war and commander of the most troops,

Kao pobjednik građanskog rata i zapovjednik većine trupa,

it was his duty to restore law and order to Rome

njegova dužnost bila je uspostaviti red i mir u Rimu

so that other factions didn’t continue fighting.

kako se druge frakcije ne bi nastavile boriti.

He didn’t restore the law - he made it subordinate to him!

Nije uspostavio zakon - potčinio ga je sebi!

Not true.

Nije istina.

Augustus worked to restore the Senate’s prestige,

August je radio da vrati prestiž Senatu,

improved food security for the lower classes,

popravi stanje s hranom za niše klase

and relinquished control of the army when he resigned his consul post.

i prepustio kontrolu nad vojskom kada se povukao s mjesta konzula.

Mere optics.

Samo prividi.

He used his military influence and personal wealth

Koristio je svoj vojni utjecaj i osobno bogatstvo

to stack the Senate in his favor,

kako bi pridobio Senat na svoju stranu,

while retaining the powers of a tribune

dok zadržava moći vladara

and the right to celebrate military triumphs.

i pravo da slavi vojne trijumfe.

He kept control of provinces with the most legions.

Držao je kontrolu nad provincijama s najviše legija.

And if that wasn’t enough,

I kao da to nije bilo dovoljno,

he assumed the consul position twice more to promote his grandchildren.

dva puta je ponovno postao konzul kako bi promovirao svoje unuke.

He was clearly trying to establish a dynasty.

Očito je pokušavao uspostaviti dinastiju.

But what did he do with all that power?

Ali što je učinio sa svom tom moći?

Glad you asked, your Honor.

Drago mi je da ste pitali, Časni sude.

Augustus’s accomplishments were almost too many to name.

Augustova postignuća bila su gotovo nemoguća za pobrojati.

He established consistent taxation for all provinces,

Uspostavio je stalno oporezivanje svih provincija,

ending private exploitation by local tax officials.

privodeći kraju privatno iskorištavanje lokalnih poreznika.

He personally financed a network of roads and employed couriers

Osobno je financirao mrežu cesta i zaposlio kurire

so news and troops could travel easily throughout the realm.

kako bi vijesti i vojska putovali jednostavno kroz čitavo kraljevstvo.

And it was under Augustus

I pod Augustom

that many of Rome’s famous public buildings were constructed.

su mnoge slavne zgrade u Rimu izgrađene.

The writers of the time were nearly unanimous in praising his rule.

Pisci toga vremena bili su jednoglasni u hvaljenju njegove vladavine.

Did the writers have any other choice?

Jesu li pisci imali nekog izbora?

Augustus exiled plenty of people on vague charges,

August je izgnao mnoštvo ljudi na temelju opskurnih optužbi,

including Ovid, one of Rome’s greatest poets.

uključujući Ovida, jednog od najvećih pjesnika Rima.

And you forgot to mention the intrusive laws regarding citizens’ personal lives –

I zaboravio si spomenuti zakone koji su zadirali u osobne živote građana -

punishing adultery,

kažnjavajući preljub,

restricting marriage between social classes,

zabranjujući brak između društvenih klasa,

even penalties for remaining unmarried.

čak i kazne ako se ne uđe u brak.

He was trying to improve the citizenry and instill discipline.

Pokušao je popraviti građanstvo i usaditi disciplinu.

And he succeeded.

I uspio je u tome.

His legacy speaks for itself:

Njegovo nasljeđe govori za sebe:

40 years of internal stability,

40 godina unutarnje stabilnosti,

a professional army that expanded Rome’s frontiers in all directions,

profesionalna vojska koja je proširila rimske granice u svakom smjeru,

and a government still remembered as a model of civic virtue.

i vlada koja se još uvijek pamti kao model građanske vrline.

His legacy was an empire

Njegovo nasljeđe je carstvo

that would go on to wage endless conquest until it collapsed,

koje će nastaviti voditi beskrajne ratove dok ne propadne,

and a tradition of military autocracy.

i tradicija vojne autokracije.

Any time a dictator in a general’s uniform commits atrocities

Svaki put kad diktator u generalskoj uniformi počini zločin

while claiming to act on behalf of "the people,"

dok tvrdi kako to čini "za ljude",

we have Augustus Caesar to thank.

možemo se zahvaliti Augustu Cezaru.

So you’re saying Augustus was a good emperor,

Kažete da je August bio dobar car,

and you’re saying there’s no such thing?

i kažete da nešto takvo ne postoji?

We’re used to celebrating historical leaders

Navikli smo slaviti povijesne vođe

for their achievements and victories.

zbog njihovih postignuća i pobjeda.

But to ask whether an individual should have such power in the first place

Ali pitati treba li pojedinac imati uopće takvu moć

is to put history itself on trial.

je staviti povijest na sud.