The most common STI in the world - Emma Bryce

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

At some point,

U nekom trenutku,

most sexually active people will be infected with human papillomavirus,

većina seksualno aktivnih ljudi biće zaražena humanim papiloma virusom

or ‘HPV.’

ili HPV-om.

There are over 100 types of HPV,

Postoji više od 100 vrsta HPV-a

and most of the time the body eliminates infections without symptoms–

i telo u većini slučajeva eliminiše infekcije bez simptoma,

but some strains can pose serious health risks down the line.

ali pojedine vrste mogu predstavljati ozbiljan rizik po zdravlje.

HPV causes contact infections,

HPV stvara kontaktne infekcije,

which means the virus stays in the cells near the point of infection

što znači da virus ostaje u ćelijama blizu mesta infekcije

rather than spreading throughout the whole body.

umesto da se širi po celom telu.

Since HPV is often transmitted through sexual activity,

Pošto se HPV često prenosi putem seksualne aktivnosti,

this usually means the cells of the vagina, vulva, penis, anus,

to obično podrazumeva ćelije vagine, vulve, penisa, anusa,

mouth and throat.

usta i grla.

We can test for HPV in cells from these areas,

Možemo testirati ćelije iz ovih područja na HPV,

but while testing for the virus is scientifically possible,

ali iako je testiranje na ovaj virus naučno moguće,

it isn’t common.

to nije uobičajena praksa.

The main reason is that,

Razlog je taj što,

while there are treatments for the adverse health effects caused by HPV,

mada postoje tretmani za štetna dejstva HPV-a po zdravlje,

there’s no treatment for the virus itself.

ne postoji lečenje za sam virus.

So testing for HPV would yield many, many positives,

Stoga bismo testiranjem na HPV dobili mnogo pozitivnih rezultata

and although most of them won’t be cause for concern,

i, mada većina njih neće biti razlog za brigu,

there is still no treatment plan for clearing the body of the virus.

još uvek ne postoji plan lečenja za čišćenje tela od ovog virusa.

But there are other good ways to protect yourself from HPV.

Ali postoje i drugi dobri načini da se zaštitite od HPV-a.

We’re going to walk through how HPV can cause harm,

Proći ćemo kroz to kako HPV može da naškodi,

who’s at risk, and how to minimize those risks.

ko je pod rizikom i kako smanjiti rizik na minimum.

The body’s immune system is able to eradicate most strains of HPV

Imuni sistem organizma je u stanju da iskoreni većinu izdanaka HPV-a

before they cause any harm—

pre nego što izazovu neku štetu,

and without people even knowing they’ve been infected.

a da ljudi ni ne znaju da su zaraženi.

Certain other strains–

Neke druge vrste,

like HPV 6 and 11–

kao što su HPV 6 i 11,

cause abnormalities in the cells of the infected tissue,

izazivaju abnormalnosti u ćelijama zaraženog tkiva,

which can develop into genital warts.

koje se mogu razviti u genitalne bradavice.

While these are infectious and require treatment,

Iako su zarazne i zahtevaju lečenje,

usually with topical creams,

obično topikalnim kremama,

wart-causing strains don’t create longer-term damage.

vrste koji izazivaju bradavice ne stvaraju dugoročna oštećenja.

But another 13 strains can cause DNA mutations that cause cells to divide

Ali drugih 13 vrsta mogu izazvati mutacije DNK zbog kojih se ćelije dele

at a much faster pace than normal,

mnogo brže nego što je to normalno,

propelling the development of cancerous growths.

što pokreće razvoj kancerogenih izraslina.

The cells of the cervix are especially at risks.

Ćelije grlića materice su posebno izložene riziku.

Two in particular–

Pogotovo su dve vrste,

HPV 16 and 18–

HPV 16 i 18,

are responsible for the majority of cases of cervical cancer,

odgovorne za većinu slučajeva raka grlića materice,

which is now the fourth most common type of cancer in women.

koji je sada kod žena četvrti tip raka po učestalosti.

It can take up to 20 years for cancer symptoms to appear,

Može potrajati 20 godina da se simptomi raka pojave,

but with regular screening,

ali redovnim pregledima

we can discover cellular abnormalities in the cervix

možemo otkriti ćelijske abnormalnosti u grliću materice

before they develop into cancer.

pre nego što se razviju u rak.

Women over 21 can undergo a regular pap smear,

Žene iznad 21 godine mogu redovno da obavljaju papa test,

where a sample of tissue is gently scraped from the lining of the cervix

gde se uzorak tkiva blago izrebe sa sluznice grlića materice

to test for abnormal cells.

da bi se testirao na abnormalne ćelije.

A positive test doesn’t mean the person has cervical cancer,

Pozitivan test ne znači da osoba ima rak grlića materice,

but rather that there are irregular cells in the cervix

već da postoje nepravilne ćelije u grliću materice

that could develop into cancer in the future.

koje bi se u budućnosti mogle razviti u rak.

Patients are then either monitored with more frequent pap smears,

Pacijenti se zatim prate uz češće papa testove

or, for more severe irregularities,

ili, kod ozbiljnijih nepravilnosti,

undergo a procedure called a colposcopy.

prolaze kroz postupak koji se naziva kolposkopija.

This involves a doctor examining the cervix through a microscope,

To podrazumeva da doktor pregleda grlić materice kroz mikroskop

and possibly taking a small biopsy of tissue for closer examination.

i možda uzme malu biopsiju tkiva radi detaljnijeg ispitivanja.

In some cases, the affected tissue may be removed.

U nekim slučajevima, zahvaćeno tkivo se može ukloniti.

HPV infections of the throat may lead to head and neck cancers,

Infekcije grla HPV-om mogu dovesti do raka glave i vrata,

but for now there’s no equivalent of the pap smear for the throat.

ali za sada ne postoji ekvivalent papa testa za grlo.

Using condoms helps prevent the spread of HPV during sex.

Upotreba kondoma pomaže u sprečavanju širenja HPV-a za vreme seksa.

And there are three safe, effective vaccines that all target HPV 16 and 18.

Postoje i tri bezbedne i efikasne vakcine koje su namenjene za HPV 16 i 18.

The vaccine comes in two or three doses a few months apart,

Vakcina se daje u dve ili tri doze sa razmakom od nekoliko meseci

and it’s only beneficial if you receive them all.

i deluje samo ako ih sve primite.

Right now the vaccine is part of standard care for girls aged 11 to 18

Sada je vakcina deo standardne nege za devojčice uzrasta od 11 do 18 godina

in many countries–

u mnogim zemljama,

though it’s increasingly becoming available to boys as well.

mada sve više postaje dostupna i dečacima.

Adult women and men in countries including the United States and the United Kingdom

Odrasle žene i muškarci u zemljama

kao što su Sjedinjene Države i Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo

can opt to receive the vaccine,

mogu odlučiti da prime vakcinu,

and evidence suggests that vaccination of women and men

i dokazi ukazuju da bi vakcinacija žena i muškaraca

could reduce the worldwide incidence of cervical cancer by almost 90%.

mogla smanjiti učestalost raka grlića materice u svetu za skoro 90%.

Researchers are also developing an injection

Istraživači takođe razvijaju injekciju

for people who are already infected with HPV 16 and 18,

za ljude koji su već zaraženi HPV-om 16 i 18

which would target the infected cells

koja bi ciljala zaražene ćelije

to stop them from developing into cancerous ones.

da bi sprečila da postanu kancerogene.

So while there’s still room for improvement in screening,

Tako da, mada još ima prostora za poboljšanje pregleda,

treatment, and access to each,

lečenja i njihovoj dostupnosti,

condom use, vaccination, and cervical screening

upotrebe kondoma, vakcinacija i ispitivanje grlića materica

can each reduce the harm caused by HPV.

mogu smanjiti štetu koju stvara HPV.