Why is biodiversity so important? - Kim Preshoff

Zašto je biološka raznovrsnost bitna? - Kim Prešof (Kim Preshoff)

Prevodilac: Marina Ivanovic Lektor: Mile Živković

Our planet's diverse thriving ecosystems may seem like permanent fixtures,

Različiti ekosistemi planete mogu izgledati kao neraskidivi čvorovi,

but they're actually vulnerable to collapse.

ali oni su zapravo podložni raspadu.

Jungles can become deserts,

Džungle mogu postati pustinje,

and reefs can become lifeless rocks,

a grebeni mogu postati beživotne stene,

even without cataclysmic events, like volcanoes and asteroids.

čak i bez kataklizmičkih događaja, kao što su vulkani i asteroidi.

What makes one ecosystem strong and another weak in the face of change?

Šta čini jedan ekosistem snažnijim, a drugi slabijim kada se radi o promenama?

The answer, to a large extent, is biodiversity.

Odgovor na ovo pitanje je, u velikoj meri, biološka raznovrsnost.

Biodiversity is built out of three intertwined features:

Biološka raznovrsnost je izgrađena od tri isprepletene komponente:

ecosystem diversity,

ekosistemska raznovrsnost,

species diversity,

raznovrsnost vrsta

and genetic diversity.

i genetska raznovrsnost.

The more intertwining there is between these features,

Što je više isprepletenosti između ove tri karakteristike,

the denser and more resilient the weave becomes.

gušći i elastičniji je i talas.

Take the Amazon rainforest,

Uzmite, na primer, Amazonske kišne šume,

one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth

jedne od najrazličtijih bioloških regiona na zemlji

due to its complex ecosystems,

usled njihovih kompleksnih ekosistema,

huge mix of species,

ogromnom broju raličitih vrsta,

and the genetic variety within those species.

i genetskoj varijaciji unutar tih vrsta.

Here are tangled liana vines,

Ovde su isprepletane loze lijana,

which crawl up from the forest floor to the canopy,

koje pužu od dna šume do vrha,

intertwining with treetops

isprepletane sa vrhovima drveća

and growing thick wooden stems that support these towering trees.

i debelim drvenim korenjem koje daje potporu drveću.

Helped along by the vines,

Uz pomoć loze,

trees provide the seeds, fruits and leaves to herbivores,

drveće daje semena, plodove i lišće biljojedima,

such as the tapir and the agouti,

kao što su tapir i aguti,

which disperse their seeds throughout the forest so they can grow.

koji razbacuju seme po celoj šumi kako bi ono raslo.

Leftovers are consumed by the millions of insects

Ostatke jedu milioni insekata

that decompose and recycle nutrients to create rich soil.

koji razlažu i recikliraju hranljive sastojke da bi stvorili plodno tlo.

The rainforest is a huge system filled with many smaller systems, like this,

Kišne šume su ogromni sistemi ispunjeni manjima sistemima, kao ovaj,

each packed with interconnected species.

svaki ispunjen međusobno povezanim vrstama.

Every link provides stability to the next,

Svaka veza pruža stabilnost za sledeću,

strengthening biodiversity's weave.

jačajući talas biološke raznovrsnosti.

That weave is further reinforced

Talas je dodatno ojačan

by the genetic diversity within individual species,

genetskom raznovrsnošću unutar pojedinačnih vrsta,

which allows them to cope with changes.

koja im omogućava da se izbore sa promenama.

Species that lack genetic diversity due to isolation

Vrste kojima fali genetska raznovrsnost usled izolacije

or low population numbers,

ili malog broja jedinki,

are much more vulnerable to fluctuations

dosta su ranjivije na fluktuaciju

caused by climate change, disease or habitat fragmentation.

prouzrokovanu klimatskim promenama ili raspadanjem staništa.

Whenever a species disappears because of its weakened gene pool,

Kada god jedna vrsta izumre usled oslabljenog genskog fonda,

a knot is untied and parts of the net disintegrate.

čvor se rasplete i deo mreže se raspadne.

So, what if we were to remove one species from the rainforest?

Dakle, šta bi se desilo kada bismo uklonili jednu vrstu iz kišnih šuma?

Would the system fall apart?

Da li bi se sistem raspao?

Probably not.

Verovatno ne.

The volume of species,

Obim vrsta,

their genetic diversity,

njihova genetska raznovrsnost,

and the complexity of the ecosystems

i složenost ekosistema

form such rich biodiversity in this forest

od takve bogate biološke raznovrsnosti u ovim kišnim šumama

that one species gap in the weave won't cause it to unravel.

da nestanak jedne vrste u talasu neće prozrokovati raspad sistema.

The forest can stay resilient and recover from change.

Šuma može ostati čvrsta i oporaviti se od promene.

But that's not true in every case.

Ali to nije tačno u svakom slučaju.

In some environments, taking away just one important component

U nekim okruženjima, oduzimanje jedne bitne komponente

can undermine the entire system.

može ugroziti ceo sistem.

Take coral reefs, for instance.

Uzmimo za primer koralne grebene.

Many organisms in a reef are dependent on the coral.

Mnogi organizmi na grebenima su zavisni od korala.

It provides key microhabitats, shelter and breeding grounds

Oni omogućavaju ključna skrovišta i mesta za oplodnju

for thousand of species of fish, crustaceans and mollusks.

za hiljade vrsta riba, ljuskara i mekušaca.

Corals also form interdependent relationships with fungi and bacteria.

Korali takođe stvaraju nezavisne veze sa gljivama i bakterijama.

The coral itself is a loom

Sam koral je razboj

that allows the tangled net of biodiversity to be woven.

koji omogućava da se igradi isprepletana mreža biološke raznovrsnosti.

That makes coral a keystone organism,

To čini koral ključnim organizmom,

one that many others depend on for their suvival.

od kojeg zavisi opstanak mnogih vrsta.

So what happens when destructive fishing practices,

Dakle, šta se dešava kada destruktivne ribarske navike,

pollution and ocean acidification

zagađenje i okeanska acidifikacija

weaken coral or even kill it altogether?

oslabe korale, ili ih čak ubiju?

Exactly what you might think.

Upravo ono što mislite.

The loss of this keystone species leaves its dependents at a loss, too,

Gubitak ovog ključnog elementa ostavlja zavisne od korala napuštenima,

threatening the entire fabric of the reef.

preteći celoj mreži grebena.

Ecosystem, species and genetic diversity

Ekosistem, vrste i genestka raznovrsnost

together form the complex tangled weave of biodiversity

zajedno grade složen isprepletan talas biološke raznovrsnosti

that is vital for the survival of organisms on Earth.

koji je vitalan za preživljavanje organizama na zemlji.

We humans are woven into this biodiversity, too.

I ljudi su utkani u ovu biološku raznovrsnost.

When just a few strands are lost,

Kada je samo par delova izgubljeno,

our own well-being is threatened.

naša dobrobit je ugrožena.

Cut too many links, and we risk unraveling it all.

Isecimo previše veza i rizikujemo da raspletemo sve.

What the future brings is unpredictable,

Ne možemo predvideti šta nosi sutra,

but biodiversity can give us an insurance policy,

ali biološka raznovrsnost nas može osigurati,

Earth's own safety net to safeguard our survival.

i osigurati zemaljsku mrežu koja će štititi naš opstanak.