The beginning of the universe, for beginners - Tom Whyntie

Početak univerzuma za početnike - Tom Vinti (Tom Whyntie)

Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

Prevodilac: Anja Saric Lektor: Mile Živković

The universe,

Univerzum,

rather beautiful, isn't it?

nadasve lep, zar ne?

It's quite literally got everything,

Ima bukvalno sve,

from the very big

od veoma velikog

to the very small.

do veoma malog.

Sure, there are some less than savory elements in there,

Naravno, ima tu i manje prijatnih elemenata

but on the whole, scholars agree that its existence

ali sve u svemu, naučnici se slažu da je njegovo postojanje

is probably a good thing.

verovatno dobra stvar.

Such a good thing that an entire field of scientific endeavor

Toliko dobra stvar, da je čitavo polje naučnih nastojanja

is devoted to its study.

posvećeno njegovom izučavanju.

This is known as cosmology.

To polje nauke zove se kosmologija.

Cosmologists look at what's out there in space

Kosmolozi traže čega ima u svemiru

and piece together the tale of how our universe evolved:

i sastavljaju priču o tome kako se naš univerzum razvio:

what it's doing now,

šta radi sada,

what it's going to be doing,

šta će raditi ubuduće,

and how it all began in the first place.

i kako je sve počelo.

It was Edwin Hubble who first noticed that our universe is expanding,

Edvin Habl je prvi primetio da se naš univerzum širi,

by noting that galaxies seem to be flying further and further apart.

tako što je zabeležio da se galaksije kreću sve dalje jedne od drugih.

This implied that everything should have started

To nagoveštava da je sve počelo

with the monumental explosion

sa monumentalnom eksplozijom

of an infinitely hot,

beskrajno tople

infinitely small point.

i beskrajno male tačke.

This idea was jokingly referred to at the time

Ova ideja se u to vreme u šali nazivala

as the "Big Bang,"

"veliki prasak",

but as the evidence piled up,

ali kako su se dokazi gomilali,

the notion and the name actually stuck.

ime je postalo ustaljeno.

We know that after the Big Bang,

Znamo da se nakon velikog praska

the universe cooled down

univerzum hladio

to form the stars and galaxies that we see today.

i formirao zvezde i galaksije koje imamo danas.

Cosmologists have plenty of ideas about how this happened.

Kosmolozi imaju mnoštvo ideja o tome kako se to odigralo.

But we can also probe the origins of the universe

Ali, poreklo univerzuma možemo ispitivati

by recreating the hot, dense conditions that existed at the beginning of time

tako što oponašamo vruće, zbijene uslove koji su postojali na početku vremena

in the laboratory.

u laboratoriji.

This is done by particle physicists.

To rade fizičari koji istražuju elementarne čestice.

Over the past century,

Tokom proteklog veka,

particle physicists have been studying

oni su izučavali

matter and forces at higher and higher energies.

materiju i silu na sve višim energijama.

Firstly with cosmic rays,

Prvo kosmičkim zracima,

and then with particle accelerators,

a posle akceleratorima čestica,

machines that smash together subatomic particles at great energies.

mašinama koje smrskavaju zajedno subatomske čestice na velikim energijama.

The greater the energy of the accelerator,

Što je veća energija akceleratora,

the further back in time they can effectively peek.

to možemo dublje u prošlost da zavirimo.

Today, things are largely made up of atoms,

Danas, stvari su u velikoj meri stvorene od atoma,

but hundreds of seconds after the Big Bang,

ali stotine sekundi nakon velikog praska

it was too hot for electrons to join atomic nuclei to make atoms.

bilo je previše vruće za elektrone da se spoje sa nukleusom kako bi stvorili atome.

Instead, the universe consisted of a swirling sea of subatomic matter.

Umesto toga, univerzum se sastojao od kovitlavog mora subatomske mase.

A few seconds after the Big Bang,

Nekoliko sekundi nakon velikog praska,

it was hotter still,

i dalje je bilo vruće,

hot enough to overpower the forces

toliko vruće da nadjača sile

that usually hold protons and neutrons together

koje obično drže protone i neutrone zajedno

in atomic nuclei.

u nukleusu atoma.

Further back, microseconds after the Big Bang,

Još dalje, mirkosekunde nakon velikog praska

and the protons and neutrons

i protoni i neutroni

were only just beginning to form from quarks,

su tek počeli da formiraju kvarkove,

one of the fundamental building blocks

jedne od osnovnih sastojaka

of the standard model of particle physics.

standardnog modela fizike osnovnih čestica.

Further back still,

Još dalje,

and the energy was too great even for the quarks to stick together.

i energija jer bila previše velika čak i za kvarkove da se održe zajedno.

Physicists hope that by going to even greater energies,

Fizičari se nadaju da će ako stignu do još većih energija,

they can see back to a time when all the forces were one and the same,

moći da se vrate u vreme kada su sve sile bile ujedinjene

which would make understanding

što bi doprinelo boljem razumevanju

the origins of the universe a lot easier.

porekla univerzuma.

To do that, they'll not only need to build bigger colliders,

Da bi to učinili moraju ne samo da naprave veće akceleratore

but also work hard to combine our knowledge

već i da naporno rade na kombinaciji našeg poimanja

of the very, very big

jako, jako velikog

with the very, very small

sa jako, jako malim

and share these fascinating insights with each other

i da podele ove fascinantne uvide jedni sa drugima,

and with, well, you.

i, naravno, sa vama.

And that's how it should be!

I tako bi trebalo da bude!

Because, after all, when it comes to our universe,

Jer naposletku, što se tiče našeg univerzuma,

we're all in this one together.

svi smo zajedno u ovome.