How did ancient civilizations make ice cream? - Vivian Jiang

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Milena Petrovic

On a hot spring afternoon in 1963,

Jednog toplog prolećnog popodneva 1963,

two men, sent by the American CIA,

dva čoveka, koje je poslala američka CIA,

snuck into the cafeteria of the Havana Libre Hotel.

ušunjala su se u kafeteriju hotela Havana Libre.

Their directive was to retrieve a poison pill from the freezer

Naređeno im je da uzmu otrovnu pilulu iz frižidera

and slip it into the chocolate milkshake of Fidel Castro,

i da je podmetnu u čokoladni milkšejk Fidela Kastra,

the Cuban leader who was known to devour up to 18 scoops of ice cream after lunch.

kubanskog vođe čuvenog po proždiranju do 18 kugli sladoleda nakon ručka.

While exact details of the story are contested, it's rumored that the pill,

Iako su tačni detalji priče upitni, glasine kruže da se pilula,

however, froze to the freezer coils and broke,

međutim, zaledila u dodiru sa kondenzatorom frižidera i pukla,

foiling the CIA’s plan and granting Castro many more days to satiate his sweet tooth.

osujetivši time plan CIA-e i obezbedivši Kastru još mnogo dana da se sladi.

Ice cream has held a unique role in our world’s history, culture, and cravings—

Sladoled je igrao jedinstvenu ulogu u svetskoj istoriji, kulturi i žudnjama—

but where did it come from?

ali odakle potiče?

The first accounts of cold desserts and iced drinks date back

Prvi zapisi o hladnim desertima i ledenim napicima datiraju

as early as the first century.

još iz prvog veka.

In civilizations including ancient Rome, Mughal India, and Tang dynasty China,

U civilizacijama, uključujući stari Rim, mogulsku Indiju i dinastiju Tang u Kini,

these icy treats were mainly enjoyed by the royal elites.

u ovim ledenim poslasticama je uglavnom uživala vlastela.

And finding the means to freeze these delicacies wasn’t always easy.

A nije uvek bilo lako naći način da se zamrznu ovi delikatesi.

Wealthy Mediterranean nobility sent laborers to trek up high mountains

Imućno mediteransko plemstvo je slalo radnike da se penju na visoke planine

to harvest glacial ice and snow.

kako bi nabavili glečerski led i sneg.

Meanwhile, ancient Persians built shallow insulated pools of water

U međuvremenu, drevni Persijanci su gradili plitke izolovane vodene bazene

and utilized a technique known as sky cooling.

i koristili su tehniku poznatu kao radijaciono hlađenje.

At night, the shallow pools would naturally radiate heat

Tokom noći, plitki bazeni bi prirodno otpuštali toplotu

into the dry desert skies,

u suva pustinjska nebesa,

causing them to dip below the ambient temperature and freeze.

zbog čega je temperatura padala ispod ambijentalne i ledila ih.

Yet the cream-based treat we know today made a much later debut.

Pa ipak, kremasta poslastica koju danas znamo se pojavila mnogo kasnije.

It was originally inspired by sherbet, or sharbat in Arabic,

Prvobitno je bila inspirisana šerbetom, tj. šarbatom na arapskom,

an icy drink believed to have originated in Persia,

ledenim napitkom za koji se veruje da je nastao u Persiji

and subsequently gained popularity in the Middle Ages.

i da je kasnije stekao popularnost u srednjovekovlju.

European travelers brought sharbat recipes home,

Evropski putnici su doneli recepte za šarbat kući

and began creating their own chocolate, pinecone,

i počeli su da prave sopstvene verzije zakuske sa ukusom čokolade,

and even eggplant flavored takes on the refreshment.

šišarki, pa čak i patlidžana.

In 1692, Antonio Latini, a Neapolitan chef,

Godine 1692, Antonio Latini, napolitanski šef,

recorded a recipe for a unique milk-based version,

zabeležio je recept za jedinstvenu mlečnu verziju,

which some historians dub the first ice cream.

koju neki istoričari označavaju kao prvi sladoled.

In the 18th century, ice cream expanded its reach

U XVIII veku sladoled je proširio svoj doseg

as these recipes set sail alongside European settlers to North America.

kako su ovi recepti zaplovili sa evropskim naseljenicima u Severnu Ameriku.

Yet it was still mainly enjoyed by the upper classes

Međutim, i dalje su u njemu uglavnom uživale više klase

as the process to make it was quite laborious,

jer je proces njegove izrade bio prilično naporan,

and its main ingredients— sugar, salt, and cream— were expensive.

a njegovi glavni sastojci - šećer, so i šlag - su bili skupi.

George Washington is said to have spent the equivalent of $6,600

Smatra se da je Džordž Vašington potrošio ekvivalent od 6 600 dolara

in today’s dollars on ice cream in one summer alone.

u današnjem novcu na sladoled tokom samo jednog leta.

It was on American soil that the frozen dessert entered its golden age,

Na američkom tlu je ledeni desert ušao u svoje zlatno doba,

as inventors and entrepreneurs began to engineer ways to bring it to the masses.

kada su pronalazači i preduzetnici počeli da iznalaze načine da ga donesu masama.

In Philadelphia in 1843, Nancy Johnson patented

U Filadelfiji 1843, Nensi Džonson je patentirala

a revolutionary ice cream-making machine featuring a crank and beater,

revolucionarnu mašinu za pravljenje sladoleda sa ručicom i mutilicom,

which made the process easier for any home cook.

zbog koje je proces postao lakši za spremanje kod kuće.

And storing ice cream was no longer an obstacle, as by the mid-1830s,

A skladištenje sladoleda više nije bilo prepreka jer je do sredine 1830-ih

New England businessman “Ice King” Frederic Tudor

biznismen iz Nove Engleske Frederik Tjudor, „Kralj leda”,

had greatly improved the ice trade,

uveliko unapredio trgovinu ledom,

shipping thousands of tons of ice to households across the globe.

isporučujući na hiljade tona leda domaćinstvima širom sveta.

Soon, ice cream was on every street corner.

Uskoro je sladoled bio na svakom uličnom ćošku.

In the late 1880s, political turmoil brought Italian immigrants to cities

Kasnih 1880-ih, politička previranja su dovela italijanske imigrante u gradove

like London, Glasgow, and New York,

poput Londona, Glazgova i Njujorka,

where many took up jobs as street vendors selling licks of ice cream

gde su se mnogi zapošljavali kao ulični prodavci, prodajući porcijice sladoleda

for roughly a penny each.

za otprilike peni po komadu.

Meanwhile, American druggists discovered the appeal of combining soda,

U međuvremenu, američki apotekari su otkrili čari kombinovanja sode,

a drink thought to have therapeutic properties at the time,

pića za koje se u to vreme smatralo da ima terapeutska svojstva,

with ice cream,

sa sladoledom,

and a new social spot was born: the soda fountain.

i novo društveno sastajalište je rođeno: fontana sa sodom.

When the sale of alcohol was banned in 1920,

Kada je prodaja alkohola zabranjena 1920,

many American saloons reinvented themselves as soda fountains,

mnogi američki saluni su se pretvorili u fontane sa sodom,

and breweries like Anheuser-Busch and Yuengling

a pivare poput Anhojzer-Buša i Jenglinga

pivoted to producing ice cream.

su prešle na proizvodnju sladoleda.

At the same time, refrigeration technology was improving rapidly.

U isto vreme, tehnologija hlađenja je ubrzano napredovala.

By the end of World War II,

Do kraja Drugog svetskog rata,

the average American home had a freezer that could house a quart of ice cream.

prosečno američko domaćinstvo je imalo frižider za smeštanje kilogram sladoleda.

Even trucks could be equipped with freezers full of frozen treats.

Čak su i kamioni opremani frižiderima punim zamrznutih poslastica.

Today, ice cream continues to take on new forms.

Danas sladoled nastavlja da poprima nove oblike.

And while some of its mysteries may never be solved,

I iako neke njegove tajne možda nikad neće biti otkrivene,

one thing is certain: our love for ice cream will never thaw.

jedno je sigurno: naša ljubav prema sladoledu se nikad neće istopiti.