How did ancient civilizations make ice cream? - Vivian Jiang

1,119,779 views ใƒป 2024-05-30

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Minnie Min Hee Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
On a hot spring afternoon in 1963,
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1963๋…„ ์–ด๋Š ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ด„๋‚  ์˜คํ›„,
00:10
two men, sent by the American CIA,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ CIA์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
00:13
snuck into the cafeteria of the Havana Libre Hotel.
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ํ•˜๋ฐ”๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ ํ˜ธํ…”์˜ ์‹๋‹น์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ์ˆจ์–ด๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Their directive was to retrieve a poison pill from the freezer
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋™์‹ค์—์„œ ๋…์•ฝ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด
00:20
and slip it into the chocolate milkshake of Fidel Castro,
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ํ”ผ๋ธ ์นด์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋จน์„ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ์Œ๋ฃŒ์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
the Cuban leader who was known to devour up to 18 scoops of ice cream after lunch.
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์ด ์ฟ ๋ฐ” ์ง€๋„์ž๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ ํ›„ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ 18 ๊ตญ์ž๊นŒ์ง€ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:29
While exact details of the story are contested, it's rumored that the pill,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
00:33
however, froze to the freezer coils and broke,
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์•Œ์•ฝ์ด ๋ƒ‰๋™์‹ค ์ฝ”์ผ์— ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์–ด ๊นจ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
00:37
foiling the CIAโ€™s plan and granting Castro many more days to satiate his sweet tooth.
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CIA์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ณ  ์นด์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Ice cream has held a unique role in our worldโ€™s history, culture, and cravingsโ€”
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์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ฐˆ๋ง์—์„œ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:48
but where did it come from?
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์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:51
The first accounts of cold desserts and iced drinks date back
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์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ํ›„์‹๊ณผ ์–ผ์Œ ์Œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ธฐ๋ก์€
00:54
as early as the first century.
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1์„ธ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
In civilizations including ancient Rome, Mughal India, and Tang dynasty China,
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋กœ๋งˆ, ์ธ๋„ ๋ฌด๊ตด ์ œ๊ตญ, ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋‹น๋‚˜๋ผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…๊ถŒ์—์„œ
01:02
these icy treats were mainly enjoyed by the royal elites.
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์ด ์–ผ์Œ ํ›„์‹์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์™•์‹ค ๊ท€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์ฆ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
And finding the means to freeze these delicacies wasnโ€™t always easy.
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์ด ๋ณ„๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋ฆด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
Wealthy Mediterranean nobility sent laborers to trek up high mountains
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์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์˜ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ท€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๊พผ์„ ๋†’์€ ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋ณด๋‚ด์„œ
01:15
to harvest glacial ice and snow.
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๋น™ํ•˜ ์–ผ์Œ๊ณผ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
Meanwhile, ancient Persians built shallow insulated pools of water
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ํ•œํŽธ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์ธ๋“ค์€ ์–•์€ ๋ฌผ์›…๋ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์—ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ 
01:21
and utilized a technique known as sky cooling.
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๋ณต์‚ฌ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
At night, the shallow pools would naturally radiate heat
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์–•์€ ์›…๋ฉ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐค์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ
01:28
into the dry desert skies,
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์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ 
01:30
causing them to dip below the ambient temperature and freeze.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์˜จ๋„ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Yet the cream-based treat we know today made a much later debut.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ›„์‹์€ ํ•œ์ฐธ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
It was originally inspired by sherbet, or sharbat in Arabic,
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ํฌ๋ฆผ ๊ฐ„์‹์ธ ์ƒค๋ฒ ํŠธ, ์•„๋ž์–ด๋กœ๋Š” โ€˜์ƒค๋ฅด๋ฐ”ํŠธโ€™๋Š”
01:44
an icy drink believed to have originated in Persia,
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์–ผ์Œ ์Œ๋ฃŒ์ธ๋ฐ
01:47
and subsequently gained popularity in the Middle Ages.
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์ดํ›„ ์ค‘์„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ํฐ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
European travelers brought sharbat recipes home,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฌํ–‰์ž๋“ค์€ ์ƒค๋ฅด๋ฐ”ํŠธ ์ œ์กฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์™€
01:54
and began creating their own chocolate, pinecone,
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๋…์ฐฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ, ์†”๋ฐฉ์šธ ๋ง›์„ ๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:58
and even eggplant flavored takes on the refreshment.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง›์„ ๋‚ธ ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
In 1692, Antonio Latini, a Neapolitan chef,
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1692๋…„, ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ์•ˆํ† ๋‹ˆ์˜ค ๋ผํ‹ฐ๋‹ˆ๋Š”
02:06
recorded a recipe for a unique milk-based version,
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๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์šฐ์œ  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:10
which some historians dub the first ice cream.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
In the 18th century, ice cream expanded its reach
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18์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ด ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ •์ฐฉ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ „ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
02:17
as these recipes set sail alongside European settlers to North America.
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์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์€ ๊ทธ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋„“ํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
Yet it was still mainly enjoyed by the upper classes
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
as the process to make it was quite laborious,
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๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ ,
02:28
and its main ingredientsโ€” sugar, salt, and creamโ€” were expensive.
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์ฃผ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ธ ์„คํƒ•, ์†Œ๊ธˆ, ํฌ๋ฆผ์ด ๋น„์ŒŒ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:33
George Washington is said to have spent the equivalent of $6,600
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์กฐ์ง€ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์€ ์–ด๋Š ํ•œ ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ 6,600๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์— ์ผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
in todayโ€™s dollars on ice cream in one summer alone.
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02:43
It was on American soil that the frozen dessert entered its golden age,
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๋ƒ‰๋™ ํ›„์‹์ด ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋•…์—์„œ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:47
as inventors and entrepreneurs began to engineer ways to bring it to the masses.
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๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
In Philadelphia in 1843, Nancy Johnson patented
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1843๋…„ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ ๋‚ธ์‹œ ์กด์Šจ์ด ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:57
a revolutionary ice cream-making machine featuring a crank and beater,
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์†์žก์ด์™€ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
03:02
which made the process easier for any home cook.
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๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
And storing ice cream was no longer an obstacle, as by the mid-1830s,
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์ด์ œ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ๋ณด๊ด€์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
1830๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ๋‰ด์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€ โ€˜์–ผ์Œ ์™•โ€™ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ฆญ ํŠœ๋”๊ฐ€
03:10
New England businessman โ€œIce Kingโ€ Frederic Tudor
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03:14
had greatly improved the ice trade,
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์–ผ์Œ ์œ ํ†ต ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์„œ
03:16
shipping thousands of tons of ice to households across the globe.
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์–ผ์Œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ํ†ค์„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:21
Soon, ice cream was on every street corner.
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์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ธธ๋ชจํ‰์ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
In the late 1880s, political turmoil brought Italian immigrants to cities
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1880๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜, ์ •์น˜์  ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์ด
03:29
like London, Glasgow, and New York,
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜, ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ , ๋‰ด์š• ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:32
where many took up jobs as street vendors selling licks of ice cream
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋…ธ์ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ 
์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐœ๋‹น ์•ฝ 1์„ผํŠธ์— ํŒ”์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
for roughly a penny each.
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03:38
Meanwhile, American druggists discovered the appeal of combining soda,
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ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์•ฝ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์„ž์–ด ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
a drink thought to have therapeutic properties at the time,
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๋‹น์‹œ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:47
with ice cream,
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์ด๋ฅผ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
and a new social spot was born: the soda fountain.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ผฌ์ด๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
๋ฐ”๋กœ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์Œ๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
When the sale of alcohol was banned in 1920,
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1920๋…„์— ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์ž
03:55
many American saloons reinvented themselves as soda fountains,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ˆ ์ง‘๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๊ฑฐ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์Œ๋ฃŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํƒˆ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
04:00
and breweries like Anheuser-Busch and Yuengling
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์•คํ˜ธ์ด์ €-๋ถ€์‹œ์™€ ์ž‰๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์กฐ์žฅ์€
04:02
pivoted to producing ice cream.
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์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
At the same time, refrigeration technology was improving rapidly.
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์ด์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ƒ‰์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
By the end of World War II,
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์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์ด ๋๋‚  ๋ฌด๋ ต,
04:11
the average American home had a freezer that could house a quart of ice cream.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์ •์—๋Š” ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ 1๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Even trucks could be equipped with freezers full of frozen treats.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์—๋„ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Today, ice cream continues to take on new forms.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
And while some of its mysteries may never be solved,
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์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:27
one thing is certain: our love for ice cream will never thaw.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋…น์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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