A brief history of plastic

1,141,315 views ใƒป 2020-09-10

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒ€ํ† : Hyeryung Kim
00:07
Today, plastics are everywhere.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
All of this plastic originated from one small objectโ€”
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€
00:14
that isnโ€™t even made of plastic.
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์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ์ฒด ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
For centuries, billiard balls were made of ivory from elephant tusks.
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์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ, ๋‹น๊ตฌ๊ณต์€ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์•„๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
But when excessive hunting caused elephant populations to decline
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:26
in the 19th century,
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00:27
billiard balls makers began to look for alternatives, offering huge rewards.
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๋‹น๊ตฌ๊ณต ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํฐ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:33
So in 1863 an American named John Wesley Hyatt took up the challenge.
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1863๋…„, ์กด ์›จ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์–ํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๋„์ „์žฅ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
Over the next five years, he invented a new material called celluloid,
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๊ทธ๋Š” 5๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ โ€˜์…€๋ฃฐ๋กœ์ด๋“œโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:45
made from cellulose, a compound found in wood and straw.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ์งš์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” โ€˜์…€๋ฃฐ๋กœ์˜ค์Šคโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:50
Hyatt soon discovered celluloid couldnโ€™t solve the billiard ball problemโ€“โ€“
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์…€๋ฃฐ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น๊ตฌ๊ณต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
the material wasnโ€™t heavy enough and didnโ€™t bounce quite right.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ณ  ์ž˜ ํŠ€์–ด ์˜ค๋ฅด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:59
But it could be tinted and patterned
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋ฅผ ์ž…ํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
01:01
to mimic more expensive materials like coral,
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๋น„์‹ผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
tortoiseshell, amber, and mother-of-pearl.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ, ๊ฑฐ๋ถ๋”ฑ์ง€, ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•, ์ž๊ฐœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
01:08
He had created what became known as the first plastic.
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ํ•˜์–ํŠธ๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
The word โ€˜plasticโ€™ can describe any material made of polymers,
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โ€˜ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑโ€™์ด๋ž€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
which are just the large molecules consisting of the same repeating subunit.
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์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํฐ ๋ถ„์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
This includes all human-made plastics,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:25
as well as many of the materials found in living things.
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์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
But in general, when people refer to plastics,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€
01:31
theyโ€™re referring to synthetic materials.
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ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
The unifying feature of these is that they start out soft and malleable
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์ž˜ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
and can be molded into a particular shape.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ‹€์— ์ฐ์œผ๋ฉด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:42
Despite taking the prize as the first official plastic,
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ณต์‹ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:46
celluloid was highly flammable, which made production risky.
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์…€๋ฃฐ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
So inventors began to hunt for alternatives.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:53
In 1907 a chemist combined phenolโ€”
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1907๋…„ ํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™์ž๋Š”
01:57
a waste product of coal tarโ€”
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์„ํƒ„ ํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ธ ํŽ˜๋†€๊ณผ ํฌ๋ฆ„์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด
01:59
and formaldehyde, creating a hardy new polymer called bakelite.
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โ€˜๋ฒ ์ดํด๋ผ์ดํŠธโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
Bakelite was much less flammable than celluloid and the raw materials
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๋ฒ ์ดํด๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์…€๋ฃฐ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ 
์ƒ์‚ฐ ์›๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฌ์› ์ฃ .
02:09
used to make it were more readily available.
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02:12
Bakelite was only the beginning.
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๋ฒ ์ดํด๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
In the 1920s, researchers first commercially developed polystyrene,
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1920๋…„๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜ํด๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒ€์ด๋ Œโ€™์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
a spongy plastic used in insulation.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์—ด์žฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฉด์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
Soon after came polyvinyl chloride, or vinyl, which was flexible yet hardy.
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๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ, ์ฃผ๋กœ โ€˜๋น„๋‹โ€˜์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ โ€˜ํด๋ฆฌ์—ผํ™”๋น„๋‹โ€™์ด ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ 
02:29
Acrylics created transparent,
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์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“  ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ํŒจ๋„์ธ โ€˜์•„ํฌ๋ฆดโ€™๋„ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
shatter-proof panels that mimicked glass.
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02:34
And in the 1930s nylon took centre stageโ€”
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1930๋…„๋Œ€์—” โ€˜๋‚˜์ผ๋ก โ€™์ด ๋ถ€์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
a polymer designed to mimic silk, but with many times its strength.
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์‹คํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹คํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ช‡ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:42
Starting in 1933, polyethylene became one of the most versatile plastics,
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1933๋…„ ์ดํ›„ โ€˜ํด๋ฆฌ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œโ€™์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:48
still used today to make everything from grocery bags, to shampoo bottles,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
to bulletproof vests.
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ๋ด‰์ง€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒดํ‘ธํ†ต, ๋ฐฉํƒ„ ์กฐ๋ผ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
02:56
New manufacturing technologies accompanied this explosion of materials.
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์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ์กฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
The invention of a technique called injection-moulding
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'์‚ฌ์ถœ ์„ฑํ˜•'์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
03:04
made it possible to insert melted plastics into molds of any shape,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์ฃผํ˜•์— ๋…น์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
03:08
where they would rapidly harden.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ตณํžˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
This created possibilities for products in new varieties and shapesโ€”
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๋•๋ถ„์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ œํ’ˆ์„
03:15
and a way to inexpensively and rapidly produce plastics at scale.
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์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์–‘ ๋งŒํผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:20
Scientists hoped this economical new material
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด
03:23
would make items that once had been unaffordable accessible to more people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Instead, plastics were pushed into service in World War Two.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€ ์ œ 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋์ฃ .
03:33
During the war, plastic production in the United States quadrupled.
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์ „์Ÿ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ 4๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋Š˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ชจ์ž๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ 
03:38
Soldiers wore new plastic helmet liners and water-resistant vinyl raincoats.
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๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๋‹ ์šฐ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
Pilots sat in cockpits made of plexiglass, a shatterproof plastic,
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์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜์ง€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ „ํˆฌ๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ข…์„์— ์•‰์•˜๊ณ 
03:48
and relied on parachutes made of resilient nylon.
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ํƒ„๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ผ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ์— ์˜์กดํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:52
Afterwards, plastic manufacturing companies
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์ „์‹œ์— ์šฐํ›„์ฃฝ์ˆœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
03:55
that had sprung up during wartime turned their attention to consumer products.
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์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋๋‚˜์ž ์†Œ๋น„์žฌ๋กœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ๋ ธ๊ณ 
03:59
Plastics began to replace other materials like wood, glass, and fabric
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๋‚˜๋ฌด, ์œ ๋ฆฌ, ์ง๋ฌผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:04
in furniture, clothing, shoes, televisions, and radios.
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๊ฐ€๊ตฌ, ์˜๋ฅ˜, ์‹ ๋ฐœ, TV, ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์— ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด ์“ฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Versatile plastics opened up possibilities for packagingโ€”
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๋‹ค์šฉ๋„ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€ ํฌ์žฅ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
mainly designed to keep food and other products fresh for longer.
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํฌ์žฅ์€ ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:18
Suddenly, there were plastic garbage bags, stretchy plastic wrap,
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ด‰ํˆฌ, ์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋žฉ,
04:22
squeezable plastic bottles, takeaway cartons,
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๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ์งค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ณ‘, ์Œ์‹ ํฌ์žฅ ์ƒ์ž,
04:25
and plastic containers for fruit, vegetables, and meat.
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๊ณผ์ผ, ์•ผ์ฑ„, ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
Within just a few decades, this multifaceted material
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ๋‹ค๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€
04:34
ushered in what became known as the โ€œplastics century.โ€
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” โ€œํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‹œ๋Œ€โ€œ๋ฅผ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
While the plastics century brought convenience and cost-effectiveness,
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•จ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:42
it also created staggering environmental problems.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Many plastics are made of nonrenewable resources.
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
And plastic packaging was designed to be single-use,
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํฌ์žฅ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ผํšŒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:52
but some plastics take centuries to decompose,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:56
creating a huge build up of waste.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
This century weโ€™ll have to concentrate our innovations on addressing those problemsโ€”
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
by reducing plastic use, developing biodegradable plastics,
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ 
05:08
and finding new ways to recycle existing plastic.
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๊ธฐ์กด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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