What it means if you can see faces in objects - Susan G. Wardle

412,174 views ใƒป 2023-06-13

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Smadar Prager ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:07
Imagine opening a bag of chips only to find Santa Claus looking back at you.
0
7128
4546
ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆโ€™ื™ืคืก ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืกื ื˜ื” ืงืœืื•ืก ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”.
00:11
Or turning the corner to see a smile as wide as a building.
1
11924
3838
ืื• ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื™ื ื” ืชืจืื• ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ืš ื—ื™ื•ืš ืจื—ื‘.
00:16
Humans see faces in all kinds of mundane objects,
2
16345
3379
ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื,
00:19
but these faces arenโ€™t realโ€”
3
19724
1626
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื --
00:21
theyโ€™re illusions due to a phenomenon known as face pareidolia.
4
21350
4588
ื”ื ืืฉืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื ื’ืจืžืช ืžืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉื โ€œืคืจืื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ืโ€œ.
00:26
So why exactly does this happen, and how far can this distortion of reality go?
5
26355
4922
ืื– ืœืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ื•ืขื“ ืœืืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข?
00:31
Humans are social animals,
6
31986
1835
ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื,
00:33
and reading faces is an important part of our ability to understand each other.
7
33821
4004
ื•ืงืจื™ืืช ืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™.
00:38
Even a glimpse of someone's face can help you determine if you've met them before,
8
38034
4046
ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ืคื’ืฉืชื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
00:42
what mood theyโ€™re in, and if theyโ€™re paying attention to you.
9
42080
2877
ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื”ืื ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื ืืœื™ื›ื ืœื‘.
00:45
We even use facial features to make snap-judgments
10
45166
3170
ืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื•ื™ ืคื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจ ืฉื ื™ื”
00:48
about a personโ€™s potential trustworthiness or aggression.
11
48336
3462
ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžื•ืœื ื•.
00:52
To capture all this vital information,
12
52256
2169
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื–ื”,
00:54
humans have evolved to be very sensitive to face-like structures.
13
54425
4004
ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช-ืคื ื™ื.
00:58
Whenever we see something,
14
58846
1585
ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•,
01:00
our brain immediately starts working to identify the new visual stimuli
15
60431
3962
ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืžื™ื“ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™
01:04
based on our expectations and prior knowledge.
16
64393
2670
ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ืข ืงื•ื“ื.
01:07
And since faces are so important,
17
67355
2085
ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื,
01:09
humans have evolved several regions of the brain
18
69440
2336
ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืคื™ืชื—ื• ื›ืžื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—
01:11
that enable us to identify them faster than other visual stimuli.
19
71776
3879
ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืื—ืจ.
01:15
Whereas recognizing most objects takes our brain around a quarter of a second,
20
75905
4630
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืงื— ืœืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช,
01:20
we can detect a face in just a tenth of a second.
21
80535
3336
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืชื•ืš ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
01:24
It makes sense that we'd prioritize identifying faces over everything else.
22
84580
4255
ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืคื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
01:28
But brain imaging studies have revealed that regions
23
88835
2585
ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ื” ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืžืฆืื• ืฉื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื
01:31
may actually be too sensitive,
24
91420
2420
ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื”,
01:34
leading them to find faces where they donโ€™t exist.
25
94090
3086
ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
01:37
In one study, participants reported seeing illusory faces
26
97760
3629
ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“, ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืืฉืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื
01:41
in over 35% of pure-noise images shown to them,
27
101389
4045
ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-35% ืžืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืจืขืฉ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื,
01:45
despite the fact that nothing was there.
28
105434
2420
ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ.
01:48
It might seem concerning that our brains can be so wrong so often,
29
108813
4212
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžื“ืื™ื’ ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš,
01:53
but these illusory faces might actually be a byproduct
30
113025
3337
ืื‘ืœ ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœื•ื•ืื™
01:56
of something evolutionarily advantageous.
31
116362
3086
ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช.
01:59
Since processing all the visual input we encounter quickly and correctly
32
119740
4255
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืฉืื ื• ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื
02:03
is an enormous computational effort for the brain,
33
123995
2878
ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืืžืฅ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืื“ื™ืจ ืœืžื•ื—,
02:06
this kind of hypersensitivity might act as a useful shortcut.
34
126998
4337
ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื–ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื™ืขื™ืœ.
02:11
After all, seeing illusory faces is usually harmless,
35
131752
3754
ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ืจืื™ื™ืช ืืฉืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื ืœื ืžื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ,
02:15
while missing a real face can lead to serious issues.
36
135506
3921
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืคืกืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื’ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
02:20
But for hypersensitivity to be more helpful than harmful,
37
140136
3253
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืžืžื–ื™ืงื”,
02:23
our brains also need to be quick at determining when a face is real
38
143389
3670
ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืชื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช
02:27
and when it isnโ€™t.
39
147059
1335
ื•ืžืชื™ ื”ื ืœื.
02:29
So how fast can our brains tell when theyโ€™ve been duped?
40
149103
3045
ืื– ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืขืœื™ื•?
02:32
To answer this question, researchers used a form of brain imaging
41
152565
3837
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ืงื” ืžื•ื—ื™ืช
02:36
known as magnetoencephalography.
42
156402
2294
ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ืžื’ื ื˜ื•-ืื ืฆืคืœื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”.
02:39
By measuring the magnetic fields caused by electric currents in the brain,
43
159155
3879
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจืžื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—,
02:43
this technique allows us to track changes in brain activity
44
163034
3670
ืื™ืคืฉืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืช
02:46
at the scale of milliseconds.
45
166704
2503
ื‘ืจืžืช ืืœืคื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
02:49
With this tool, researchers revealed that the brain generally recognizes
46
169457
3712
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื”, ื™ื›ืœื• ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™
02:53
a face as illusory within a quarter of a secondโ€”
47
173169
3253
ืคื ื™ื ื›ืืฉืœื™ื™ื” ืชื•ืš ืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื” --
02:56
around the same time that we can identify most non-face visual stimuli.
48
176756
4629
ื‘ืขืจืš ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืœื ื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืคื ื™ื.
03:02
However, even after our brain knows the face is fake,
49
182178
3211
ืขื ื–ืืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ืคื ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืคื•ืช,
03:05
we can still see it in the object.
50
185389
2211
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜.
03:07
And by messing with these brain areas,
51
187934
2043
ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืžื•ื—,
03:09
we can further impact our ability to differentiate between fact from fiction.
52
189977
4546
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืœื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
03:14
In one study, researchers stimulated a participantโ€™s fusiform face area
53
194982
4463
ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“, ื’ื™ืจื• ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื“ืžื•ื™-ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื
03:19
while they were looking at a non-face object.
54
199445
2503
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืคื ื™ื.
03:22
As a result, the participant reported momentarily seeing facial features
55
202448
4922
ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืฉืœืจื’ืข ืจืื” ืชื•ื•ื™ ืคื ื™ื
03:27
despite the object remaining unchanged.
56
207370
2335
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
03:29
And while looking at a real face, stimulation of this same area
57
209997
3754
ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช, ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื–ื•ืจ
03:33
created perceived distortions of the eyes and nose.
58
213751
4004
ื’ื•ืจื ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ืžืขื•ื•ืชืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืืฃ.
03:38
These studies suggest that certain features are crucial to face detection.
59
218464
4421
ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืฉื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื.
03:43
Just three dots can be enough to represent eyes and a mouth.
60
223135
3546
ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžืกืคื™ืงื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืคื”.
03:47
People will even assign gender, age, and emotion to illusory faces.
61
227056
4504
ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ืŸ, ื’ื™ืœ, ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืœืืฉืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื.
03:51
Itโ€™s unclear whether a personโ€™s culture or individual history
62
231894
3253
ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืื• ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื
03:55
impacts these perceptions,
63
235147
1502
ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
03:56
but we do know that pareidolia isnโ€™t unique to the human experience.
64
236649
4087
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืคืจืื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
04:01
Rhesus macaque monkeys show eye movements similar to our own
65
241070
3879
ืงื•ืคื™ ืžืงืืง ืจื–ื•ืก ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืฉืœื ื•
04:04
when observing pareidolia-inducing objects and real faces,
66
244949
3587
ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคืจืื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื” ื•ืคื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช,
04:08
suggesting that this phenomenon is baked deep into our social primate brains.
67
248536
5505
ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื” ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืžื•ื— ื”ืคืจื™ืžืื˜ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:14
So, next time you see an unexpected face in a coffee, car, or cabinet,
68
254458
4088
ืื–, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืชืจืื• ืคื ื™ื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืคื”, ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ืื• ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ,
04:18
remember that itโ€™s just your brain working overtime
69
258546
2878
ื–ื™ื›ืจื• ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช
04:21
not to miss the faces that really matter.
70
261424
2711
ืฉืœื ืœืคืกืคืก ืคื ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7