What it means if you can see faces in objects - Susan G. Wardle

412,522 views ・ 2023-06-13

TED-Ed


Videoni ijro etish uchun quyidagi inglizcha subtitrlarga ikki marta bosing.

Translator: Aliqulova Shahlo Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov
00:07
Imagine opening a bag of chips only to find Santa Claus looking back at you.
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Bir xaltacha chipsni ochgach sizga qarab turgan Santa Klausni ko’rish,
00:11
Or turning the corner to see a smile as wide as a building.
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yoki binodek keng tabassumni ko’rishni tasavvur qiling.
00:16
Humans see faces in all kinds of mundane objects,
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Odamlar barcha turdagi dunyoviy obyektlarda yuzlarni ko’radi,
00:19
but these faces aren’t real—
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biroq bu yuzlar haqiqiy emas -
00:21
they’re illusions due to a phenomenon known as face pareidolia.
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ular yuz pareydoliasi deb nomlangan hodisa tufayli vujudga kelgan illuziyadir.
00:26
So why exactly does this happen, and how far can this distortion of reality go?
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Xo’sh, nega aynan bu sodir bo’ladi, va bu haqiqatning buzilishi qay darajaga boradi?
00:31
Humans are social animals,
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Odamlar ijtimoiy jonzot hisoblanadi,
00:33
and reading faces is an important part of our ability to understand each other.
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va yuzlarni o’qish bir-birimizni tushunish qobilyatimizning muhim qismidir.
Hatto birovning yuzining ko’rinishi hamda qanday kayfiyatda ekanligi, sizga e’tibor
00:38
Even a glimpse of someone's face can help you determine if you've met them before,
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beryotganligi sizga uni oldin uchratganingizni aniqlashda qo’l keladi,
00:42
what mood they’re in, and if they’re paying attention to you.
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00:45
We even use facial features to make snap-judgments
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Biz hattoki insonning potensial ishonchliligi va tajovuzkorligi haqida
00:48
about a person’s potential trustworthiness or aggression.
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tezkor xulosalar chiqarish uchun yuz xususiyatlaridan foydalanamiz.
Bu muhim ma’lumotning barchasini qo’lga olish uchun
00:52
To capture all this vital information,
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00:54
humans have evolved to be very sensitive to face-like structures.
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odamlar yuzga o’xshash tuzilishlarga juda ta’sirchan bo’lib tuzilgan.
00:58
Whenever we see something,
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Qachonki biror narsani ko’rganimizda
01:00
our brain immediately starts working to identify the new visual stimuli
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miyamiz darhol yangi vizual stimulyatorni aniqlash uchun ishlashni boshlaydi,
01:04
based on our expectations and prior knowledge.
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bizning kutish va oldingi bilimimizga asoslangan holda.
01:07
And since faces are so important,
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Va yuzlar juda muhim bo’lganligi sababli,
01:09
humans have evolved several regions of the brain
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odamlarda miyaning turli xil bo’limlari rivojlangan,
01:11
that enable us to identify them faster than other visual stimuli.
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bizga uni boshqa vizual stimulyatorlardan ko’ra tezroq aniqlashga yordam beruvchi.
01:15
Whereas recognizing most objects takes our brain around a quarter of a second,
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Ko’p obyektlarni tanish uchun miyamizga taxminan chorak sekund kerak bo’lsa-da,
01:20
we can detect a face in just a tenth of a second.
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biz yuzni sekundning atigi o’ndan bir qismida aniqlay olamiz.
01:24
It makes sense that we'd prioritize identifying faces over everything else.
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Bizning yuzni aniqlashni barcha narsadan ustun qo’yishimiz mantiqan to’g’ri.
01:28
But brain imaging studies have revealed that regions
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Ammo miya tasvirini o’rganishlar shuni ko’rsatdiki,
01:31
may actually be too sensitive,
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miya bo’limlari juda ham ta’sirchan bo’lishi mumkin,
01:34
leading them to find faces where they don’t exist.
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bu esa aslida mavjud bo’lmagan yuzlarni topishga olib keladi.
01:37
In one study, participants reported seeing illusory faces
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O’rganishlarning birida, ishtirokchilar ko’rsatilgan rasmlarning 35%dan ortig’ida,
01:41
in over 35% of pure-noise images shown to them,
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garchi hech birida yuz bo’lmagan bo’lsa-da
01:45
despite the fact that nothing was there.
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xayoliy yuzlarni ko’rganligini aytishgan.
01:48
It might seem concerning that our brains can be so wrong so often,
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Miyamizning tez-tez xato qilishi xavotirli tuyulishi mumkin,
01:53
but these illusory faces might actually be a byproduct
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Lekin bu xayoliy yuzlar aslida evolyutsion tarzdagi foydali
01:56
of something evolutionarily advantageous.
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biror narsaning natijasi bo’lishi mumkin.
01:59
Since processing all the visual input we encounter quickly and correctly
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Barcha biz tez va to’g’ri duch keladigan vizual kiritishlarga ishlov berish
02:03
is an enormous computational effort for the brain,
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miya uchun ulkan hisoblash harakatlari hisoblanganligi sababli,
02:06
this kind of hypersensitivity might act as a useful shortcut.
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bu turdagi kuchli ta’sirchanlik foydali va qisqa yo’l bo’lishi mumkin.
02:11
After all, seeing illusory faces is usually harmless,
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Xulosa qilib aytganda, odatda xayoliy yuzlarni ko’rish zararsiz,
02:15
while missing a real face can lead to serious issues.
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biroq haqiqiy yuzni ko’rmaslik jiddiy muammolarga olib kelishi mumkin.
ammo bu kuchli ta’sirchanlik ziyondan ko’ra ko’proq foyda keltirishi uchun
02:20
But for hypersensitivity to be more helpful than harmful,
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02:23
our brains also need to be quick at determining when a face is real
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miyamiz yuzning real yoki real emasligini
02:27
and when it isn’t.
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tez aniqlay olishi kerak.
02:29
So how fast can our brains tell when they’ve been duped?
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Xo’sh, miyamiz aldanganligini qanchalik tez aytoladi?
02:32
To answer this question, researchers used a form of brain imaging
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Bu savolga javob topish uchun olimlar magnetonsefalografiya deb
02:36
known as magnetoencephalography.
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nomlangan miya suratidan foydalanishdi.
02:39
By measuring the magnetic fields caused by electric currents in the brain,
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Miyadagi elektr toki sabab bo’lgan magnet maydonlarni o’lchash orqali,
02:43
this technique allows us to track changes in brain activity
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bu usul miya faoliyatidagi o’zgarishlarni
02:46
at the scale of milliseconds.
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millisekundlar ichida kuzatish imkonini beradi.
02:49
With this tool, researchers revealed that the brain generally recognizes
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Bu usul yordamida, olimlar shuni ko’rsatdiki, miya odatda
02:53
a face as illusory within a quarter of a second—
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yuzni chorak sekund ichida xayoliy deb hisoblaydi -
02:56
around the same time that we can identify most non-face visual stimuli.
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ko’pgina yuz bo’lmagan vizual stimullarni bir xil vaqt oralig’ida aniqlaymiz.
03:02
However, even after our brain knows the face is fake,
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Biroq, miyamiz yuzning qalbaki ekanligini bilgandan keyin ham,
03:05
we can still see it in the object.
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biz uni hamon obyekt ichida ko’rolamiz.
03:07
And by messing with these brain areas,
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bu miya bo’limlariga aralashish orqali
03:09
we can further impact our ability to differentiate between fact from fiction.
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haqiqat bilan to’qimani ajrata olish qobi- liyatimizga yanada ta’sir ko’rsatolamiz.
03:14
In one study, researchers stimulated a participant’s fusiform face area
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O’rganishlarning birida, olimlar ishtirok- chi yuzining fusiform qismini qo’zg’atdi
03:19
while they were looking at a non-face object.
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bu vaqtda ular yuz bo’lmagan obyektga qarashayotgan edi.
03:22
As a result, the participant reported momentarily seeing facial features
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Natijada,ishtirokchi yuz xususiyatlarini bir lahzaga ko’rganini aytdi
03:27
despite the object remaining unchanged.
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garchi obyekt o’zgarmay qolgan bo’lsada.
03:29
And while looking at a real face, stimulation of this same area
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va haqiqiy yuzga qaraganda esa, o’sha qismning qo’zg’atilishi
03:33
created perceived distortions of the eyes and nose.
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ko’z va burunning noto’g’ri ko’rsatilishiga olib keldi.
03:38
These studies suggest that certain features are crucial to face detection.
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Bu o’rganishlar ma’lum bir xususiyatlar yu zni aniqlashda muhim ekanligini ko’rsatadi
03:43
Just three dots can be enough to represent eyes and a mouth.
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Atigi uchta nuqta ko’zlar va og’izni ifodalashga yetarli.
03:47
People will even assign gender, age, and emotion to illusory faces.
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Odamlar hatto xayoliy yuzlarni jins, yosh va hissiyotga qarab ajratadi.
03:51
It’s unclear whether a person’s culture or individual history
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Insonning madaniyati yoki shaxsiy tarixi bu tushunchalarga ta’sir ko’rsatish
03:55
impacts these perceptions,
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yoki ko’rsatmasligi aniq emas,
03:56
but we do know that pareidolia isn’t unique to the human experience.
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ammo biz pareidoliya inson tajribasi uchun yagona emasligini bilamiz.
04:01
Rhesus macaque monkeys show eye movements similar to our own
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Rizus makak maymunlari pareidoliya-qo’zg’atuvchi narsalarni va
04:04
when observing pareidolia-inducing objects and real faces,
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haqiqiy yuzlarni kuzatyotganda biznikiga o’xshash ko’z harakatlarini ko’rsatadi,
04:08
suggesting that this phenomenon is baked deep into our social primate brains.
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bu hodisa bizning ijtimoiy primat miyamizga chuqur singganligini ko’rsatadi.
04:14
So, next time you see an unexpected face in a coffee, car, or cabinet,
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Shu sababdan, keyingi safar kofe, mashina yoki kabinetda tasodifiy yuzni ko’rsangiz,
04:18
remember that it’s just your brain working overtime
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bilingki miyangiz judayam ahamiyatli yuzlarni
04:21
not to miss the faces that really matter.
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o’tkazib yubormaslik uchun muddatdan tashqari ishlaganligidan dalolatdir.
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