Do you see a face? You’re actually hallucinating - Susan G. Wardle

Translator: Aliqulova Shahlo Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

Imagine opening a bag of chips only to find Santa Claus looking back at you.

Bir xaltacha chipsni ochgach sizga qarab turgan Santa Klausni ko’rish,

Or turning the corner to see a smile as wide as a building.

yoki binodek keng tabassumni ko’rishni tasavvur qiling.

Humans see faces in all kinds of mundane objects,

Odamlar barcha turdagi dunyoviy obyektlarda yuzlarni ko’radi,

but these faces aren’t real—

biroq bu yuzlar haqiqiy emas -

they’re illusions due to a phenomenon known as face pareidolia.

ular yuz pareydoliasi deb nomlangan hodisa tufayli vujudga kelgan illuziyadir.

So why exactly does this happen, and how far can this distortion of reality go?

Xo’sh, nega aynan bu sodir bo’ladi, va bu haqiqatning buzilishi qay darajaga boradi?

Humans are social animals,

Odamlar ijtimoiy jonzot hisoblanadi,

and reading faces is an important part of our ability to understand each other.

va yuzlarni o’qish bir-birimizni tushunish qobilyatimizning muhim qismidir.

Hatto birovning yuzining ko’rinishi hamda qanday kayfiyatda ekanligi, sizga e’tibor

Even a glimpse of someone's face can help you determine if you've met them before,

beryotganligi sizga uni oldin uchratganingizni aniqlashda qo’l keladi,

what mood they’re in, and if they’re paying attention to you.

We even use facial features to make snap-judgments

Biz hattoki insonning potensial ishonchliligi va tajovuzkorligi haqida

about a person’s potential trustworthiness or aggression.

tezkor xulosalar chiqarish uchun yuz xususiyatlaridan foydalanamiz.

Bu muhim ma’lumotning barchasini qo’lga olish uchun

To capture all this vital information,

humans have evolved to be very sensitive to face-like structures.

odamlar yuzga o’xshash tuzilishlarga juda ta’sirchan bo’lib tuzilgan.

Whenever we see something,

Qachonki biror narsani ko’rganimizda

our brain immediately starts working to identify the new visual stimuli

miyamiz darhol yangi vizual stimulyatorni aniqlash uchun ishlashni boshlaydi,

based on our expectations and prior knowledge.

bizning kutish va oldingi bilimimizga asoslangan holda.

And since faces are so important,

Va yuzlar juda muhim bo’lganligi sababli,

humans have evolved several regions of the brain

odamlarda miyaning turli xil bo’limlari rivojlangan,

that enable us to identify them faster than other visual stimuli.

bizga uni boshqa vizual stimulyatorlardan ko’ra tezroq aniqlashga yordam beruvchi.

Whereas recognizing most objects takes our brain around a quarter of a second,

Ko’p obyektlarni tanish uchun miyamizga taxminan chorak sekund kerak bo’lsa-da,

we can detect a face in just a tenth of a second.

biz yuzni sekundning atigi o’ndan bir qismida aniqlay olamiz.

It makes sense that we'd prioritize identifying faces over everything else.

Bizning yuzni aniqlashni barcha narsadan ustun qo’yishimiz mantiqan to’g’ri.

But brain imaging studies have revealed that regions

Ammo miya tasvirini o’rganishlar shuni ko’rsatdiki,

may actually be too sensitive,

miya bo’limlari juda ham ta’sirchan bo’lishi mumkin,

leading them to find faces where they don’t exist.

bu esa aslida mavjud bo’lmagan yuzlarni topishga olib keladi.

In one study, participants reported seeing illusory faces

O’rganishlarning birida, ishtirokchilar ko’rsatilgan rasmlarning 35%dan ortig’ida,

in over 35% of pure-noise images shown to them,

garchi hech birida yuz bo’lmagan bo’lsa-da

despite the fact that nothing was there.

xayoliy yuzlarni ko’rganligini aytishgan.

It might seem concerning that our brains can be so wrong so often,

Miyamizning tez-tez xato qilishi xavotirli tuyulishi mumkin,

but these illusory faces might actually be a byproduct

Lekin bu xayoliy yuzlar aslida evolyutsion tarzdagi foydali

of something evolutionarily advantageous.

biror narsaning natijasi bo’lishi mumkin.

Since processing all the visual input we encounter quickly and correctly

Barcha biz tez va to’g’ri duch keladigan vizual kiritishlarga ishlov berish

is an enormous computational effort for the brain,

miya uchun ulkan hisoblash harakatlari hisoblanganligi sababli,

this kind of hypersensitivity might act as a useful shortcut.

bu turdagi kuchli ta’sirchanlik foydali va qisqa yo’l bo’lishi mumkin.

After all, seeing illusory faces is usually harmless,

Xulosa qilib aytganda, odatda xayoliy yuzlarni ko’rish zararsiz,

while missing a real face can lead to serious issues.

biroq haqiqiy yuzni ko’rmaslik jiddiy muammolarga olib kelishi mumkin.

ammo bu kuchli ta’sirchanlik ziyondan ko’ra ko’proq foyda keltirishi uchun

But for hypersensitivity to be more helpful than harmful,

our brains also need to be quick at determining when a face is real

miyamiz yuzning real yoki real emasligini

and when it isn’t.

tez aniqlay olishi kerak.

So how fast can our brains tell when they’ve been duped?

Xo’sh, miyamiz aldanganligini qanchalik tez aytoladi?

To answer this question, researchers used a form of brain imaging

Bu savolga javob topish uchun olimlar magnetonsefalografiya deb

known as magnetoencephalography.

nomlangan miya suratidan foydalanishdi.

By measuring the magnetic fields caused by electric currents in the brain,

Miyadagi elektr toki sabab bo’lgan magnet maydonlarni o’lchash orqali,

this technique allows us to track changes in brain activity

bu usul miya faoliyatidagi o’zgarishlarni

at the scale of milliseconds.

millisekundlar ichida kuzatish imkonini beradi.

With this tool, researchers revealed that the brain generally recognizes

Bu usul yordamida, olimlar shuni ko’rsatdiki, miya odatda

a face as illusory within a quarter of a second—

yuzni chorak sekund ichida xayoliy deb hisoblaydi -

around the same time that we can identify most non-face visual stimuli.

ko’pgina yuz bo’lmagan vizual stimullarni bir xil vaqt oralig’ida aniqlaymiz.

However, even after our brain knows the face is fake,

Biroq, miyamiz yuzning qalbaki ekanligini bilgandan keyin ham,

we can still see it in the object.

biz uni hamon obyekt ichida ko’rolamiz.

And by messing with these brain areas,

bu miya bo’limlariga aralashish orqali

we can further impact our ability to differentiate between fact from fiction.

haqiqat bilan to’qimani ajrata olish qobi- liyatimizga yanada ta’sir ko’rsatolamiz.

In one study, researchers stimulated a participant’s fusiform face area

O’rganishlarning birida, olimlar ishtirok- chi yuzining fusiform qismini qo’zg’atdi

while they were looking at a non-face object.

bu vaqtda ular yuz bo’lmagan obyektga qarashayotgan edi.

As a result, the participant reported momentarily seeing facial features

Natijada,ishtirokchi yuz xususiyatlarini bir lahzaga ko’rganini aytdi

despite the object remaining unchanged.

garchi obyekt o’zgarmay qolgan bo’lsada.

And while looking at a real face, stimulation of this same area

va haqiqiy yuzga qaraganda esa, o’sha qismning qo’zg’atilishi

created perceived distortions of the eyes and nose.

ko’z va burunning noto’g’ri ko’rsatilishiga olib keldi.

These studies suggest that certain features are crucial to face detection.

Bu o’rganishlar ma’lum bir xususiyatlar yu zni aniqlashda muhim ekanligini ko’rsatadi

Just three dots can be enough to represent eyes and a mouth.

Atigi uchta nuqta ko’zlar va og’izni ifodalashga yetarli.

People will even assign gender, age, and emotion to illusory faces.

Odamlar hatto xayoliy yuzlarni jins, yosh va hissiyotga qarab ajratadi.

It’s unclear whether a person’s culture or individual history

Insonning madaniyati yoki shaxsiy tarixi bu tushunchalarga ta’sir ko’rsatish

impacts these perceptions,

yoki ko’rsatmasligi aniq emas,

but we do know that pareidolia isn’t unique to the human experience.

ammo biz pareidoliya inson tajribasi uchun yagona emasligini bilamiz.

Rhesus macaque monkeys show eye movements similar to our own

Rizus makak maymunlari pareidoliya-qo’zg’atuvchi narsalarni va

when observing pareidolia-inducing objects and real faces,

haqiqiy yuzlarni kuzatyotganda biznikiga o’xshash ko’z harakatlarini ko’rsatadi,

suggesting that this phenomenon is baked deep into our social primate brains.

bu hodisa bizning ijtimoiy primat miyamizga chuqur singganligini ko’rsatadi.

So, next time you see an unexpected face in a coffee, car, or cabinet,

Shu sababdan, keyingi safar kofe, mashina yoki kabinetda tasodifiy yuzni ko’rsangiz,

remember that it’s just your brain working overtime

bilingki miyangiz judayam ahamiyatli yuzlarni

not to miss the faces that really matter.

o’tkazib yubormaslik uchun muddatdan tashqari ishlaganligidan dalolatdir.