A day in the life of a Mongolian queen - Anne F. Broadbridge

2,035,473 views ใƒป 2019-01-17

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:07
As dawn breaks over a moveable city of ten thousand yurts,
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ื›ืฉื”ืฉื—ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื™ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจืช ืืœืคื™ื ื™ื•ืจื˜ื™ื,
00:12
Queen Boraqchin is in for a rude awakening.
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ื”ืžืœื›ื” ื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆ'ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื’ืกื”.
00:15
A rogue sheep has slipped past her servants and guards
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ื›ื‘ืฉ ืชื•ืขื” ื—ืžืง ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืฉืจืชื™ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื”
00:19
and bolted into her yurt,
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ื•ื–ื™ื ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื™ื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื”,
00:21
where he springs into bed and bleats in her ear.
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ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืคืฅ ืœืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ืคื•ืขื” ืœืชื•ืš ืื•ื–ื ื”.
00:24
Although sheโ€™s the formidable khatun of the Golden Horde,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืžื•ื–ื”ื‘,
00:28
a huge kingdom in the Mongolian Empire,
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ืžืžืœื›ื” ืื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื’ื•ืœื™ืช,
00:30
Boraqchin has a hands-on approach to ruling.
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ืœื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆ'ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื”.
00:34
Sheโ€™s been married to Batu Khan,
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ื”ื™ื ื ืฉื•ืื” ืœื‘ืื˜ื• ืงืืŸ,
00:36
the fearsome grandson of Genghis Khan himself,
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ื”ื ื›ื“ ืžื˜ื™ืœ ื”ืื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ื’ื™ืก ืงืืŸ ืขืฆืžื•,
00:38
since she was fifteen โ€“
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ืžืื– ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” -
00:40
and while her husband is out on his raids,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขืœื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืคืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช,
00:42
she juggles the duties of flocks, family and empire at home.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืœื”ื˜ื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืœืขื“ืจื™ื, ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืœืืžืคืจื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
00:48
This makes her the manager โ€“ and the mover โ€“ of a city of thousands.
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื ื”ืœืช -- ื•ื”ืžื ื™ืขื” -- ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ื.
00:52
Twice a year, Boraqchin moves the city between two seasonal camping grounds.
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ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆ'ื™ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืžื—ื™ื” ืขื•ื ืชื™ื™ื.
00:57
This ensures constant water and lush grass in summer,
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืกืคืงืช ืžื™ื ืกื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื“ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ,
01:01
and protection from harsh winds in winter.
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ื•ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
01:04
The whole operation requires weeks of strict planning,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืงืคื“ื ื™,
01:07
liaising with the other camps in her domain, strategic delegation โ€“
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ืชืื•ื ืขื ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”, ืžืฉืœื—ื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช --
01:11
and the patience to move at the speed of dawdling animals.
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ื•ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
01:15
Today is moving day,
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ,
01:17
and sheโ€™ll have to direct throngs of her ladies, commanders, slaves and animals
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื, ืžืคืงื“ื™ื, ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช
01:22
up the river Volga for the summer.
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ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื ื”ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืœื’ื” ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ.
01:25
As Boraqchin steps outside,
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ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆ'ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืกืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
01:27
sheโ€™s greeted by a commotion โ€“
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ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืœื” --
01:29
her unwanted visitor is now running circles around her stewards.
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ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉืœื” ืจืฅ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืฉืจืชื™ื”.
01:33
Theyโ€™re attempting to stow her possessions securely into wagons.
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ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืื›ืกืŸ ืืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืขื’ืœื•ืช.
01:37
Boraqchin orders them to get it under control โ€“
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ื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆื™'ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœื™ื• --
01:40
but sheโ€™s the only one quick enough to catch the stray.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืชืคื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื—.
01:44
She next supervises her ladies who are unpinning her yurt
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืคืงื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื” ืฉืžืงืคืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื”
01:47
and lifting it onto its custom wagon.
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ื•ืžืจื™ืžื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื’ืœื” ื”ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืฉืœื•.
01:50
It requires a team of twenty oxen to pull,
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืžืฉื›ื• ืื•ืชื•,
01:53
and Boraqchin wouldnโ€™t trust anyone to steer it but herself.
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ื•ื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆื™'ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ืช ื‘ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืขืฆืžื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื”ื.
01:57
Next, Boraqchin and her woolly companion meet with the guards.
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ืื–, ื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆื™'ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืฆืžืจื™ืจื™ ืœืžืกืข ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื.
02:01
She orders them to keep close watch on her husband's special reception yurt
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ื”ืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื”
02:04
and port-able throne during the journey.
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ื•ื”ื›ืก ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกืข.
02:08
Theyโ€™ll also act as outriders,
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ื”ื ื’ื ื™ืชืคืงื“ื• ื›ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืงื“ืžื™ื™ื,
02:09
and she tells them how to secure the route, surround her for safety โ€“
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื”ื ืื™ืš ืœืื‘ื˜ื— ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื” ืœืื‘ื˜ื—ืชื” --
02:13
and keep the animals in check.
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ื•ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช.
02:16
But when the sheep finally breaks free and makes for the fields,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื›ื‘ืฉ ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ื•ืจื— ืœืฉื“ื•ืช,
02:19
the guards can barely keep up
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ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘
02:21
as it scampers through crowds packing up their yurts.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงืคืฅ ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื•ืจื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
02:24
Exasperated, Boraqchin rides down to the pastures herself.
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ืจื•ืชื—ืช ืžื›ืขืก, ื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆ'ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื›ื‘ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืื—ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื”.
02:28
When she gets there,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื,
02:29
she catches sight of the troublesome sheep wriggling into the middle of a flock.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืืชืจืช ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉืชื—ืœ ืœืืžืฆืข ื”ืขื“ืจ.
02:35
When she follows him in,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืงื‘ืช ืื—ืจื™ื• ืคื ื™ืžื”,
02:36
heโ€™s nestled next to a ewe, his mother.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจืคืง ืœื™ื“ ื›ื‘ืฉื”, ืื™ืžื•.
02:39
Sheโ€™s pregnant, and seems to be in pain.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ื›ืื‘ื™ื.
02:42
With a start, Boraqchin realizes that this eweโ€™s impending delivery
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ื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆ'ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื”
02:46
has been forgotten in the flurry of moving day.
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ื ืฉื›ื—ื” ื‘ืžื”ื•ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ.
02:49
Thereโ€™s no time to find a shepherd โ€“
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ืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืจื•ืขื” --
02:51
instead, Boraqchin rolls up her sleeves, greases her arm
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆ'ื™ืŸ ืžืคืฉื™ืœื” ืืช ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื”, ืžืฉืžื ืช ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื”
02:55
and helps the ewe give birth to two new additions to the empire.
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ื•ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื›ื‘ืฉื” ืœืœื“ืช ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืื™ืžืคืจื™ื”.
03:00
Leaving the lambs and their mother,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื ืื™ืžื,
03:02
Boraqchin dashes back to the camp.
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ื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆ'ื™ืŸ ืžืžื”ืจืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžื—ื ื”.
03:04
Here the final touches have been put to packing,
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ืคื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจื™ื–ื”,
03:06
and vehicles are starting to line up.
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ื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื”.
03:09
This vast procession starts with the queen
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ื”ืžืฆืขื“ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืœื›ื”
03:12
and two hundred wagons filled with her treasures.
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ื•ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืขื’ืœื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
03:15
Next up are the junior wives and crew,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช,
03:18
then the concubines โ€“
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ื•ืื– ื”ืคื™ืœื’ืฉื™ื --
03:19
and this is only Boraqchin's camp.
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ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ื”ืžื—ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆ'ื™ืŸ.
03:22
After this comes the second imperial camp
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ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ืืœื™ ื”ืฉื ื™
03:24
led by another senior wife,
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ืžื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช,
03:26
then two more camps, also led by wives.
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ื•ืื– ืฉื ื™ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื’ื ืžื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื.
03:30
Boraqchin has been checking in with them for weeks to ensure
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ื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆืณื™ืŸ ื”ืชืขื“ื›ื ื” ืื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื
03:32
a smooth departure and orderly queue.
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ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื•ืฆืขื“ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช.
03:35
But they only make up the royal portion of the line โ€“
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื™ืจื” --
03:38
behind them winds the entire civilian city,
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ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ื”ื ืžืฉืชืจื›ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช,
03:41
which includes holy men with portable chapels and mosques,
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ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ืื ืฉื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขื ื‘ืชื™ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืกื’ื“ื™ื,
03:45
families, tradesmen, and shepherds.
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ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ื•ืจื•ืขื™ื.
03:48
Finally, Boraqchin settles into her wagon.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ื•ืจืืงืฆ'ื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืขื’ืœื”.
03:51
Itโ€™ll take weeks to reach their destination โ€“
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ื™ืงื— ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืขื“ ืฉืœื”ื --
03:54
but over the course of the journey,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืกืข,
03:55
sheโ€™ll keep everyone expertly in check โ€“
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ื”ื™ื ืชืคืงื— ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช --
03:58
from her proud children and attentive subjects,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื” ื”ื’ืื™ื ื•ื ืชื™ื ื™ื” ื”ืงืฉื•ื‘ื™ื,
04:01
to the most meandering sheep at the back of line.
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ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื™ืจื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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