The five major world religions - John Bellaimey

12,657,109 views ใƒป 2013-11-14

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Zeeva Livshitz
00:07
In all times and places in our history,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
00:09
human beings have wondered,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื•,
00:10
"Where did we come from?
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"ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื’ืขื ื•?
00:12
What's our place in the world?
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ืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื?
00:14
What happens to us after we die?"
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื ื• ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื™ื?"
00:16
Religions are systems of belief
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ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื”
00:18
that have developed and evolved over time
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ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ
00:20
in response to these
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ื›ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
00:21
and other eternal mysteries,
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ื•ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช ื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
00:23
driven by the feeling that some questions
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ืฉืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉืืœื•ืช
00:25
can only be answered by faith
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžื•ื ื”
00:27
and based on an intuition
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ื•ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื”
00:29
that there is something greater than ourselves,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ืชื ื•,
00:31
a higher power we must answer to,
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ื›ื•ื— ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœื•,
00:33
or some source we all spring from
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ืื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžื ื•
00:35
and to which we must return.
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ื•ืืœื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ.
00:39
Hinduism means the religions of India.
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ื–ื ืžืฉืžืขื” ื”ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื•.
00:41
It's not a single religion
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ื–ื• ืœื ื“ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
00:42
but rather a variety of related beliefs
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ืืœื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
00:44
and spiritual practices.
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ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื.
00:46
It dates back five millennia
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ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ืฉื ื”
00:48
to the time of Krishna,
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ืžื™ืžื™ ืงืจื™ืฉื ื”,
00:50
a man of such virtue
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ืื™ืฉ ื›ื” ืจื‘ ืžืขืœื”
00:51
that he became known as an avatar of Vishnu,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืื•ื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืฉื ื•,
00:54
an incarnation of the god in human form.
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ื”ืชื’ืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
00:57
He taught that all life follows karma,
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงืืจืžื”,
00:59
the law of cause and effect,
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ืชื•ืฆืื”,
01:01
and our job is to do our duty, or dharma,
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•, ืื• ื”ื“ื”ืจืžื”,
01:04
according to our place in society
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”
01:06
without worrying how things turn out.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืกืชื“ืจื•.
01:09
When we die, we are reincarnated into a new body.
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ.
01:12
If we followed our dharma
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ืื ืขืงื‘ื ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื“ื”ืจืžื” ืฉืœื ื•
01:13
and did our proper duty in our past life,
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ื•ืžื™ืœืื ื• ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื,
01:15
we get good karma,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืงืืจืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
01:17
which sends our soul upward in the social scale.
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ืฉืฉื•ืœื—ืช ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืกื•ืœื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
01:20
Our rebirth into the next life
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ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื
01:21
is thus determined by what we do in this one.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืœื”.
01:24
The wheel of rebirths is called samsara.
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ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื ืงืจื ืกืžืกืจื”.
01:28
It's possible for a very holy person
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ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืื“ื ืžืื•ื“ ืงื“ื•ืฉ
01:30
to lead a life with enough good karma
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ืœื ื”ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืืจืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
01:32
to escape the wheel.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื”ื’ืœื’ืœ.
01:34
This escape is called moksha.
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ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ื ืงืจืืช ืžื•ืงืฉื”.
01:36
Hinduism teaches that everything is one.
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ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ื–ื ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“.
01:39
The whole universe is
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ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ื•ื
01:40
one transcendent reality called Brahman,
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ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชืขืœื” ืื—ืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืจื”ืžืŸ,
01:43
and there's just one Brahman
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืจื”ืžืŸ ืื—ื“
01:45
but many gods within it,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•,
01:47
and their roles, aspects, and forms differ
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ื•ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื
01:50
according to various traditions.
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ืœืคื™ ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
01:52
Brahma is the creator,
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ื‘ืจื”ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ,
01:54
Vishnu is the preserver
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ื•ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืžืจ
01:56
who sometimes takes on human form,
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ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืช ืื ื•ืฉ,
01:58
and Shiva is the transformer,
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ื•ืฉื™ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื ื”,
02:00
or Lord of the Dance.
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ืื• ืืœ ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“.
02:02
Durga is the fiercely protective divine mother.
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ื“ื•ืจื’ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื”ืžื’ื•ื ื ืช ื”ืขื™ืœืื™ืช.
02:06
Ganesha has an elephant head
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ืœื’ื ืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœ
02:07
and is the wise patron of success.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
02:11
Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world.
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ื–ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:14
And although most Hindus live in India,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
02:17
they can be found on every continent,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื‘ืฉืช,
02:19
one billion strong.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžื”ื.
02:22
Now, let's travel west,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื ื•ืข ืžืขืจื‘ื”,
02:23
across deserts and mountains
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ื
02:24
to the fertile crescent about 4,000 years ago.
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ืœืกื”ืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš 4,000 ืฉื ื”.
02:28
Judaism began with God calling
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ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืขื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื
02:30
Abraham and Sarah to leave Mesopotamia
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ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉืจื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืžืกื•ืคื•ื˜ืžื™ื”
02:32
and migrate to the land of Canaan.
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ื•ืœื ื“ื•ื“ ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ.
02:35
In return for their faith in the one true God,
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ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืืœ ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™,
02:38
a revolutionary concept
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™
02:39
in the polytheistic world of that time,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ืื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
02:42
they would have land and many descendants.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืื“ืžื” ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆืืฆืื™ื.
02:45
From this promise came the land of Israel
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ืžื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
02:47
and the chosen people,
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ื•ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ,
02:49
but staying in that land
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื™ื
02:50
and keeping those people together
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ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื—ื“
02:52
was going to be very difficult.
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ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื”.
02:54
The Israelites were enslaved in Egypt,
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ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื,
02:56
but God freed them with the help
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช
02:58
of the prophet Moses,
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื”,
03:00
who received the Ten Commandments
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ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช
03:02
and later hundreds more.
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ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
03:04
They conquered the Promised Land,
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ื”ื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช,
03:06
but could only keep it for a few hundred years.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืจืง ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
03:09
Israel sits at a crossroads
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ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื
03:11
through which many armies
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ื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื‘ืื•ืช
03:12
marched over the centuries.
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ืฆืขื“ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืื•ืช.
03:14
And in the year 70,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 70,
03:15
the Romans destroyed the temple
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ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ
03:16
in their capital, Jerusalem.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.
03:19
So, the religion transformed itself
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ืื–, ื”ื“ืช ื”ืคื›ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื”
03:21
from a temple religion
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ืžื“ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ
03:22
with sacrifices and priests
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ืขื ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ื”ื ื™ื
03:23
to a religion of the book.
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ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ.
03:25
Because of this, Judaism is a faith
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”, ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืืžื•ื ื”
03:28
of symbolism, reverence, and deep meanings
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ืฉืœ ืกืžืœื™ื, ื™ืจืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”
03:31
tied to the literature of its history.
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ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื”.
03:33
The many sacred scriptures make up
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ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
03:35
the Hebrew bible, or Tanakh,
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ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืื• ืชื ืš,
03:37
and hundreds of written discussions and interpretations
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ื•ืžืื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื
03:39
are contained in an expansive compendium
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ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื ืจื—ื‘
03:42
of deeper meanings,
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:43
called the Talmud.
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ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“.
03:45
Jews find rich, symbolic meaning in daily life.
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ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืกืžืœื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื.
03:47
At the Passover meal,
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ื‘ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืคืกื—,
03:49
every item on the menu symbolizes
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ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ ื‘ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืžืกืžืœ
03:50
an aspect of the escape from slavery.
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ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
03:53
The importance of growing up
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ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ
03:55
is emphasized when young people
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ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
03:56
reach the age of bar and bat mitzvah,
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ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”,
03:59
ceremonies during which they assume responsibility
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ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
04:01
for their actions
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ืœืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
04:02
and celebrate the weaving
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ื•ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืืจื’
04:03
of their own lives
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ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
04:04
into the faith, history, and texts
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื
04:06
of the Jewish people.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™.
04:08
There are 14 million Jews in the world today,
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ื™ืฉ 14 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื,
04:11
6 million in Israel,
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6 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ,
04:12
which became independent
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ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช
04:14
following the horrors of genocide in World War II,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”,
04:17
and 5 million in the United States.
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ื• 5 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
04:20
But now let's go back 2500 years and return to India
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ 2500 ืฉื ื” ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•
04:23
where Buddhism began
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ืฉื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื ื ื•ืœื“
04:25
with a young prince named Siddhartha.
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ืขื ื ืกื™ืš ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืกื™ื“ื”ืจื˜ื”.
04:27
On the night he was conceived,
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ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื• ื ื•ืฆืจ,
04:29
his mother, Queen Maya,
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ื ืืžืจ ืฉืืช ืื™ืžื•, ื”ืžืœื›ื” ืžืื™ื”,
04:30
is said to have been visited in her sleep
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ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื ืชื”
04:32
by a white elephant who entered her side.
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ืคื™ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื”.
04:35
Ten months later, Prince Siddartha was born
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ืขืฉืจื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ืกื™ืš ืกื“ื”ืจื˜ื” ื ื•ืœื“
04:37
into a life of luxury.
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ืœื—ื™ื™ ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช.
04:39
Venturing forth from his sheltered existence
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ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœื•
04:41
as a young man,
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ื›ืื™ืฉ ืฆืขื™ืจ,
04:43
he witnessed the human suffering
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ื” ื‘ืกื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช
04:44
that had been hidden from him
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ืฉื”ื•ืกืชืจ ืžืžื ื•
04:45
and immediately set out to investigate its sources.
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ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ ื™ืฆื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ.
04:49
Why must people endure suffering?
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ืœืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืกื‘ืœ?
04:51
Must we reincarnate through hundreds of lives?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื“ืจืš ืžืื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื?
04:54
At first he thought the problem
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
04:56
was attachment to material things,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื,
04:58
so he gave up his possessions.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉื•.
04:59
He became a wandering beggar,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœื ื•ื•ื“ ืžืงื‘ืฅ ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช,
05:01
which he discovered certainly made him no happier.
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืื•ืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:04
Then he overheard a music teacher telling a student,
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืข ืžื•ืจื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉืœื•,
05:07
"Don't tighten the string too much, it will break.
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"ืืœ ืชื”ื“ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ืชืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™, ื”ื•ื ื™ืงืจืข.
05:09
But don't let it go too slack,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชืชืŸ ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืคืฃ ืžื“ื™,
05:11
or it will not sound."
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ืื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ื›ืœ ืฆืœื™ืœ."
05:13
In a flash, he realized
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ืžื™ื™ื“, ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
05:14
that looking for answers at the extremes
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ืฉื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื
05:16
was a mistake.
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ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื•ืช.
05:18
The middle way between luxury and poverty
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืฆืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ื ื™
05:20
seemed wisest.
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ื ืจืืชื” ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:22
And while meditating under a bodhi tree,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืจื”ืจ ืชื—ืช ืขืฅ ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™,
05:24
the rest of the answer came to him.
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ืฉืืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•.
05:26
All of life abounds with suffering.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ืกื‘ืœ.
05:29
It's caused by selfish craving
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ื–ื” ื ื’ืจื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ืื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช
05:31
for one's own fulfillment at the expense of others.
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ืœื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื.
05:34
Following an eight-step plan
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ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฆืขื“ื™ื
05:36
can teach us to reduce that craving,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื”ื–ื•,
05:38
and thus reduce the suffering.
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ื•ื›ืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ.
05:40
On that day, Siddhartha became the Buddha,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื, ืกื™ื“ื”ืจื˜ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื‘ื•ื“ื”ื”,
05:43
the enlightened one.
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ื”ืžื•ืืจ.
05:45
Not the only one, but the first one.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
05:47
The Buddhist plan is called
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื ืงืจืืช
05:49
the Eightfold Path,
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ื“ืจืš ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื,
05:50
and though it is not easy to follow,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ืงืœ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื”,
05:51
it has pointed the way
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ื”ื™ื ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš
05:52
for millions to enlightenment,
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ืœืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืืจื”,
05:55
which is what Buddhahood means,
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ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื”,
05:57
a state of compassion,
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ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืœื”,
05:58
insight,
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ืชื•ื‘ื ื”,
05:59
peace,
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05:59
and steadfastness.
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ืจื•ื’ืข,
ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
06:01
From the time he got up from under that tree
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ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขืฅ
06:03
to the moment of his death as an old man,
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ืœืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื• ื›ืื™ืฉ ื–ืงืŸ,
06:06
the Buddha taught people how to become enlightened:
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ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื” ืœื™ืžื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื•ืืจื™ื:
06:08
right speech,
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ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
06:09
right goals,
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06:09
a mind focused on what is real,
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ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
ืžื™ื™ื ื“ ืฉืžืžื•ืงื“ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืžื™ืชื™,
06:11
and a heart focused on loving others.
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ื•ืœื‘ ืฉืžืžื•ืงื“ ื‘ืื”ื‘ืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
06:14
Many Buddhists believe in God or gods,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืœ ืื• ืืœื™ื,
06:17
but actions are more important than beliefs.
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ืื‘ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืืžื•ื ื”.
06:20
There are nearly a billion Buddhists
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ืœื™ืื“ ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื
06:21
in the world today,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื,
06:23
mostly in East, Southeast, and South Asia.
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ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื—, ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื—, ื•ื“ืจื•ื ืืกื™ื”.
06:27
2,000 years ago in Judaism's Promised Land,
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ืœืคื ื™ 2,000 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื,
06:31
Christianity was born.
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ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื”.
06:33
Just as Hindus called Krishna "God in Human Form,"
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื ืงืจืื• ืœืงืจื™ืฉื ื” "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,"
06:36
Christians say the same thing about Jesus,
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ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฉื•,
06:38
and Christianity grew out of Judaism
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ื•ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื” ืžื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช
06:40
just as Buddhism grew out of Hinduism.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื ืฆืžื— ืžื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ื–ื.
06:43
The angel Gabriel was sent by the God of Abraham
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ื”ืžืœืืš ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ื ืฉืœื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื
06:45
to ask a young woman named Mary
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืื™ืฉื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืžืจื™ื”
06:47
to become the mother of his son.
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื ื‘ื ื•.
06:50
The son was Jesus,
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ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฉื•,
06:51
raised as a carpenter
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ืฉื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ื ื’ืจ
06:53
by Mary and her husband Joseph,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ืขืœื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ,
06:55
until he turned 30,
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืœ 30,
06:56
when he began his public career
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื•
06:58
as the living word of God.
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ื›ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
07:00
Less interested in religiousness
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืชื™ื•ืช
07:02
than in justice and mercy,
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืฆื“ืง ื•ื‘ื—ืžืœื”,
07:04
Jesus healed the sick in order to draw crowds
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ื™ืฉื• ืจื™ืคื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืงื”ืœื™ื
07:06
and then taught them about his heavenly father --
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ื•ืื– ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืฉืžื™ืžื™ --
07:09
affectionate, forgiving, and attentive.
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ืื•ื”ื‘, ืกื•ืœื—, ื•ืงืฉื•ื‘.
07:12
Then, he would invite everyone to a common table
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ืื–, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
07:14
to illustrate his Kingdom of God,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื,
07:17
outcasts, sinners, and saints all eating together.
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ืžื ื•ื“ื™ื, ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื, ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
07:21
He had only three years
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื
07:22
before his unconventional wisdom
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื•
07:24
got him into trouble.
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ืกื™ื‘ื›ื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช.
07:25
His enemies had him arrested,
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ื”ืื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื“ืื’ื• ืฉื™ืขืฆืจ,
07:26
and he was executed by Rome
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืฆื ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืžื
07:28
in the standard means
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื
07:29
by which rabble-rousers were put to death,
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ื‘ื”ื ืžื—ืจื—ืจื™ ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืžืชื™ื,
07:32
crucifixion.
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ืฆืœื™ื‘ื”.
07:34
But shortly after he was buried,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื•,
07:36
women found his tomb empty
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ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืงื‘ืจื• ืจื™ืง
07:38
and quickly spread word,
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ื•ื”ืคื™ืฆื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
07:39
convinced that he had been raised from the dead.
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ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ื.
07:42
The first Christians described
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ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืชืืจื•
07:43
his resurrected appearances,
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ืืช ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ื,
07:46
inspiring confidence that his message was true.
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ื•ื ืกื›ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™.
07:49
The message: love one another as I have loved you.
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ื”ืžืกืจ: ืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืชื›ื.
07:53
Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus
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ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืืช ืœื™ื“ืช ื™ืฉื•
07:55
in December at Christmas,
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ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“,
07:57
and his suffering, death, and resurrection
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ื•ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืœื•, ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ื”
07:59
during Holy Week in the spring.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘.
08:01
In the ceremony of baptism,
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ื‘ื˜ื›ืก ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”,
08:03
a washing away of sin
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ื”ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื
08:04
and welcoming into the Christian community,
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ื•ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช,
08:06
recall Jesus's own baptism
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•
08:08
when he left his life as a carpenter.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื›ื ื’ืจ.
08:10
In the rite of Communion,
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ื‘ื˜ืงืก ืฉืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืœื—ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ,
08:12
Christians eat the bread and drink the wine
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ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื—ื ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ
08:14
blessed as the body and blood of Jesus,
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืจืš ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•,
08:17
recalling Jesus's last supper.
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ื•ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื•ื—ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•.
08:19
There are two billion Christians worldwide,
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
08:22
representing almost a third of the world's people.
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ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
08:27
Islam began 1400 years ago
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ื”ืื™ืกืœื ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคื ื™ 1400 ืฉื ื”
08:29
with a man of great virtue,
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ืขื ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
08:31
meditating in a mountain cave
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ืฉืขืฉื” ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืจ
08:33
in the Arabian desert.
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ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™.
08:34
The man was Muhammad.
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื—ืžื“.
08:36
He was visited by a divine messenger,
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ื‘ื™ืงืจื” ืื•ืชื• ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช,
08:39
again the angel Gabriel,
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžืœืืš ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ,
08:41
in Arabic, Jibril,
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ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื’'ื‘ืจื™ืœ,
08:43
delivering to him the words of Allah,
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ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืœื™ื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืืœืœื”,
08:46
the one God of Abraham.
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ื”ืืœ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื.
08:48
In the next few years,
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
08:49
more and more messages came,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืจื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื•,
08:50
and he memorized and taught them.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืŸ ื•ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื.
08:53
The verses he recited were full of wise sayings,
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ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืงืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืืžื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช,
08:55
beautiful rhymes,
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ืžืงืฆื‘ื™ื ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื™ื,
08:56
and mysterious metaphors.
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ื•ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื•ืช ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
08:58
But Muhammad was a merchant, not a poet.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื—ืจ, ืœื ืžืฉื•ืจืจ.
09:01
Many agreed the verses
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื
09:03
were indeed the words of God,
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœ,
09:05
and these believers became the first Muslims.
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ื•ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
09:08
The word Muslim means one who surrenders,
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ืžืฉืžืขื” ืื“ื ืฉื ื›ื ืข,
09:11
meaning a person who submits to the will of God.
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ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื“ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœ.
09:14
A Muslim's five most important duties
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ื—ืžืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™
09:16
are called the Five Pillars:
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ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื:
09:18
Shahada, Muslims declare publicly,
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ืฉื”ื“ื”, ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™,
09:21
there is no other God but Allah,
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืœ ืื—ืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืืœืœื”,
09:24
and Muhammad is his final prophet;
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ื•ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ;
09:27
Salat, they pray five times a day facing Mecca;
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ืกืœื˜, ื”ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื”;
09:31
Zakat, every Muslim is required
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ื–ืงืืช, ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘
09:34
to give 2 or 3% of their net worth to the poor;
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ืœืชืช 2 ืื• 3% ืžื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœื”ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื;
09:37
Sawm, they fast during daylight hours
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ืกื•ื•ื, ื”ื ืฆืžื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื
09:41
for the lunar month of Ramadan
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ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžืื“ืŸ
09:43
to strengthen their willpower
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื
09:44
and their reliance on God;
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ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื;
09:46
and Hajj, once in a lifetime,
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ื•ื—ืื’', ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื,
09:49
every Muslim who is able must make a pilgrimage
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ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœ
09:51
to the holy city of Mecca,
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ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื”,
09:53
rehearsing for the time
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ื›ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื–ืžืŸ
09:54
when they will stand before God
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ืฉื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ืืœ
09:55
to be judged worthy or unworthy
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ืœื”ืฉืคื˜ ืื ื”ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ืœื
09:58
of eternal life with Him.
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ืœื—ื™ื™ ื ืฆื— ืื™ืชื•.
10:00
The words of God,
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื,
10:01
revealed to the prophet over 23 years,
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ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืœื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš 23 ืฉื ื”,
10:04
are collected in the Quran,
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ื•ื ืืกืคื• ื‘ืงื•ืจืืŸ,
10:06
which literally translates into "the recitation."
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ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืœ "ื“ืงืœื•ื."
10:09
Muslims believe it to be the only holy book
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ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
10:12
free of human corruption.
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ืฉื ืงื™ ืžื”ืฉื—ืชื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
10:14
It's also considered by many
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื
10:15
to be the finest work of literature
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:17
in the Arabic language.
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ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช.
10:19
Islam is the world's second largest religion,
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ืื™ืกืœื ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
10:21
practiced by over one and a half billion Muslims around the globe.
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ื›ืฉืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
10:27
Religion has been an aspect of culture
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ื“ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช
10:28
for as long as it has existed,
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ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช,
10:30
and there are countless variations of its practice.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืคื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื”.
10:34
But common to all religions
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช
10:35
is an appeal for meaning
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
10:37
beyond the empty vanities
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืงื”
10:38
and lowly realities of existence,
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ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืœื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื•ื,
10:41
beyond sin,
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื˜ื,
10:42
suffering,
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ืกื‘ืœ,
10:43
and death,
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ื•ืžื•ื•ืช,
10:45
beyond fear,
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื—ื“,
10:47
and beyond ourselves.
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ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ื•.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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