How to manage your time more effectively (according to machines) - Brian Christian

7,026,833 views ใƒป 2018-01-02

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
[ืื ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื - ืื ื ื™ ื“ื™ืœืืจื“]
00:13
In the summer of 1997,
0
13962
2170
ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1997,
00:16
NASA's Pathfinder spacecraft landed on the surface of Mars,
1
16132
4479
ื”ื—ืœืœื™ืช ืคืืช'ืคื™ื™ื ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืืก"ื ื ื—ืชื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืื“ื™ื
00:20
and began transmitting incredible, iconic images back to Earth.
2
20611
4630
ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืฉื“ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:25
But several days in, something went terribly wrong.
3
25241
3239
ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื, ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
00:28
The transmissions stopped.
4
28480
2182
ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื ืคืกืง.
00:30
Pathfinder was, in effect, procrastinating:
5
30662
3570
ื”ืคืืช'ืคื™ื™ื ื“ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื” ื‘ื“ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืช:
00:34
keeping itself fully occupied but failing to do its most important work.
6
34232
5459
ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืกื•ืงื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืœื” ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”.
00:39
What was going on?
7
39691
1210
ืžื” ืงืจื”?
00:40
There was a bug, it turned out, in its scheduler.
8
40901
4032
ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื’, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ.
00:44
Every operating system has something called the scheduler
9
44933
3270
ืœื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ
00:48
that tells the CPU how long to work on each task before switching,
10
48203
4341
ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืœืžืขื‘ื“ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ืจืช,
00:52
and what to switch to.
11
52544
1870
ื•ืœืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ.
00:54
Done right, computers move so fluidly between their various responsibilities,
12
54414
4449
ื›ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
00:58
they give the illusion of doing everything simultaneously.
13
58863
3480
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืฉืœื™ื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
01:02
But we all know what happens when things go wrong.
14
62343
4103
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื‘ืฉื™ื.
01:06
This should give us, if nothing else, some measure of consolation.
15
66446
4016
ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืงืฆืช ืœื ื—ื ืื•ืชื ื•.
01:10
Even computers get overwhelmed sometimes.
16
70462
3093
ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืคื™ื.
01:13
Maybe learning about the computer science of scheduling
17
73555
3081
ืื ื ืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืข ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
01:16
can give us some ideas about our own human struggles with time.
18
76636
4389
ืื•ืœื™ ื ืงื‘ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
01:21
One of the first insights is that all the time you spend prioritizing your work
19
81025
4619
ืื—ืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืชืขื“ื•ืฃ ืžื˜ืœื•ืช
01:25
is time you aren't spending doing it.
20
85644
3131
ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ืœื ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ.
01:28
For instance, let's say when you check your inbox, you scan all the messages,
21
88775
4299
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœื›ื, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืจื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช,
01:33
choosing which is the most important.
22
93074
2300
ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
01:35
Once you've dealt with that one, you repeat.
23
95374
2329
ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืœืชื ื‘ื”, ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
01:37
Seems sensible, but there's a problem here.
24
97703
2349
ื ืจืื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื”.
01:40
This is what's known as a quadratic-time algorithm.
25
100052
3873
ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื–ืžืŸ ืงื•ืื“ืจื˜ื™.
01:43
With an inbox that's twice as full, these passes will take twice as long
26
103925
5462
ืขื ืชื™ื‘ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ืžืœืื” ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืงื—ื• ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ
01:49
and you'll need to do twice as many of them!
27
109387
2488
ื•ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื!
01:51
This means four times the work.
28
111875
3210
ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
01:55
The programmers of the operating system Linux
29
115085
2530
ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก
01:57
encountered a similar problem in 2003.
30
117615
3658
ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘-2003.
02:01
Linux would rank every single one of its tasks in order of importance,
31
121273
4543
ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื“ื™ืจื’ื” ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช,
02:05
and sometimes spent more time ranking tasks than doing them.
32
125816
4460
ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื’ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ.
02:10
The programmersโ€™ counterintuitive solution was to replace this full ranking
33
130276
4330
ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื•ื’ ื”ืžืœื ื”ื–ื”
02:14
with a limited number of priority โ€œbuckets.โ€
34
134606
3501
ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ "ื“ืœื™ื™" ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช.
02:18
The system was less precise about what to do next
35
138107
3180
ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
02:21
but more than made up for it by spending more time making progress.
36
141287
4904
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืคื™ืฆืชื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื.
02:26
So with your emails, insisting on always doing the very most important thing first
37
146191
4718
ืื– ืื ืชืชืขืงืฉื• ืœืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื•ื“ื,
02:30
could lead to a meltdown.
38
150909
1981
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช.
02:32
Waking up to an inbox three times fuller than normal
39
152890
2893
ืชื™ื‘ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ืžืœืื” ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ
02:35
could take nine times longer to clear.
40
155783
3184
ืชืงื— ืคื™ ืชืฉืขื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืจื•ืงืŸ.
02:38
Youโ€™d be better off replying in chronological order, or even at random!
41
158967
4751
ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื›ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืจืื™!
02:43
Surprisingly, sometimes giving up on doing things in the perfect order
42
163718
4168
ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืžื•ืฉืœื
02:47
may be the key to getting them done.
43
167886
3151
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ืฉืœืžืชื.
02:51
Another insight that emerges from computer scheduling
44
171037
2829
ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘
02:53
has to do with one of the most prevalent features of modern life: interruptions.
45
173866
4772
ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืื—ืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื: ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช.
02:58
When a computer goes from one task to another,
46
178638
2871
ื›ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉื™ืžื” ืื—ืช ืœืื—ืจืช,
03:01
it has to do what's called a context switch,
47
181509
3187
ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ึถืงึฐืฉืึตืจ,
03:04
bookmarking its place in one task,
48
184696
2333
ืœืกืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืื—ืช,
03:07
moving old data out of its memory and new data in.
49
187029
4419
ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ื“ืฉ.
03:11
Each of these actions comes at a cost.
50
191448
2580
ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืจ.
03:14
The insight here is that thereโ€™s a fundamental tradeoff
51
194028
2830
ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืงืœื•ืœ ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™
03:16
between productivity and responsiveness.
52
196858
3171
ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆืจื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช.
03:20
Getting serious work done means minimizing context switches.
53
200029
3801
ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœืคื•ืช ื”ื”ึถืงึฐืฉืึตืจ.
03:23
But being responsive means reacting anytime something comes up.
54
203830
4719
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืขื•ืœื”.
03:28
These two principles are fundamentally in tension.
55
208549
3852
ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืชื— ื‘ืกื™ืกื™.
03:32
Recognizing this tension allows us
56
212401
2498
ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžืชื— ื”ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื•
03:34
to decide where we want to strike that balance.
57
214899
2981
ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื™ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ.
03:37
The obvious solution is to minimize interruptions.
58
217880
3759
ื”ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช.
03:41
The less obvious one is to group them.
59
221639
3603
ื”ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืื•ืชืŸ.
03:45
If no notification or email requires a response
60
225242
3518
ืื ืืฃ ื”ืชืจืขื” ืื• ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”
03:48
more urgently than once an hour, say,
61
228760
3251
ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื—ื•ืคื” ืžืคืขื ื‘ืฉืขื”, ื ื ื™ื—,
03:52
then thatโ€™s exactly how often you should check them. No more.
62
232011
4579
ืื– ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชืŸ. ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:56
In computer science, this idea goes by the name of interrupt coalescing.
63
236590
5439
ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช.
04:02
Rather than dealing with things as they come up โ€“
64
242029
2602
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื --
04:04
Oh, the mouse was moved?
65
244631
1350
ืื•ื”, ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื–?
04:05
A key was pressed?
66
245981
1090
ืžืงืฉ ื ืœื—ืฅ?
04:07
More of that file downloaded? โ€“
67
247071
1721
ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืจื“ืช? --
04:08
the system groups these interruptions together
68
248792
2757
ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืงื‘ืฆืช ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื™ื—ื“
04:11
based on how long they can afford to wait.
69
251549
3172
ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืœื”ืŸ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช.
04:14
In 2013, interrupt coalescing
70
254721
2927
ื‘-2013, ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช
04:17
triggered a massive improvement in laptop battery life.
71
257648
4294
ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื.
04:21
This is because deferring interruptions lets a system check everything at once,
72
261942
4811
ื›ื™ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื“,
04:26
then quickly re-enter a low-power state.
73
266753
3870
ื•ืื– ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ.
04:30
As with computers, so it is with us.
74
270623
2589
ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื›ืš ื’ื ืื™ืชื ื•.
04:33
Perhaps adopting a similar approach
75
273212
2429
ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื“ื•ืžื”
04:35
might allow us users to reclaim our own attention,
76
275641
3830
ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื•, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ืงืฉื‘ ืฉืœื ื•,
04:39
and give us back one of the things that feels so rare in modern life: rest.
77
279471
5173
ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื: ืžื ื•ื—ื”.
ื”ืื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื–ืžื ื›ื ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืชื™ื›ื?
ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืขืœ Algorithms to Live By
"ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื“ืข ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช"
ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื—ื™ื ื ื’ื™ืจืกืช ืื•ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ
ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช audible.com/teded
ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ืชืขื•ื“ื“ ืืชืจ ื–ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืœืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ TEDED
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7