How to manage your time more effectively (according to machines) - Brian Christian

6,963,707 views ・ 2018-01-02

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Nathan Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
In the summer of 1997,
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1997λ…„ 여름,
00:16
NASA's Pathfinder spacecraft landed on the surface of Mars,
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λ‚˜μ‚¬κ°€ ν™”μ„±μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ— νŒ¨μŠ€νŒŒμΈλ” μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„ μ°©λ₯™μ‹œμΌ°κ³ 
00:20
and began transmitting incredible, iconic images back to Earth.
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λ†€λΌμš΄ 사진듀을 μ§€κ΅¬λ‘œ μ „μ†‘ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
But several days in, something went terribly wrong.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ©°μΉ  λ§Œμ— 무언가가 μ‹¬κ°ν•˜κ²Œ 잘λͺ»λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
The transmissions stopped.
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사진 전솑이 멈좘 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
Pathfinder was, in effect, procrastinating:
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νŒ¨μŠ€νŒŒμΈλ”κ°€ 일을 μ§€μ²΄μ‹œν‚¨ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
keeping itself fully occupied but failing to do its most important work.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•΄μ„œ, κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μž‘μ—…μ„ λΉΌκ³  일을 ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
What was going on?
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λŒ€μ²΄ 무슨 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§„ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
00:40
There was a bug, it turned out, in its scheduler.
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μŠ€μΌ€μ€„λŸ¬μ— 였λ₯˜κ°€ 있던 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
Every operating system has something called the scheduler
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λͺ¨λ“  운영 μ²΄μ œμ—λŠ” μŠ€μΌ€μ€„λŸ¬κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
00:48
that tells the CPU how long to work on each task before switching,
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μ „ν™˜ν•˜κΈ° 전에, 각 μž‘μ—…μ„ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 걸릴지,
00:52
and what to switch to.
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ν˜Ήμ€ 무엇을 μ „ν™˜ν• μ§€ μ€‘μ•™μ²˜λ¦¬μž₯μΉ˜μ— μ „λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Done right, computers move so fluidly between their various responsibilities,
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이 μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ 처리되면, μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λŠ” 맀우 μœ λ™μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 일을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
they give the illusion of doing everything simultaneously.
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그것은 마치 λͺ¨λ“  것이 λ™μ‹œμ— μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” 것 처럼 보이죠.
01:02
But we all know what happens when things go wrong.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 생기면 λ°”λ‘œ μ•Œμ•„μ±•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
This should give us, if nothing else, some measure of consolation.
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μ΄λŠ” 적어도 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μœ„μ•ˆμ„ μ£Όμ£ .
01:10
Even computers get overwhelmed sometimes.
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컴퓨터도 가끔은 κ³ΌλΆ€ν•˜κ°€ κ±Έλ¦°λ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
Maybe learning about the computer science of scheduling
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μ•„λ§ˆ 컴퓨터 κ³΅ν•™μ˜ μŠ€μΌ€μ₯΄λ§μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ°°μš΄λ‹€λ©΄
01:16
can give us some ideas about our own human struggles with time.
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μ‹œκ°„ 문제둜 κ³ μ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 우리 인간듀이 무언가 깨달을 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
One of the first insights is that all the time you spend prioritizing your work
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깨달아야 ν•  것 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” ν•  일의 μš°μ„  μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μ •ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆμ€
01:25
is time you aren't spending doing it.
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μ‹€μ œ 일을 ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
For instance, let's say when you check your inbox, you scan all the messages,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ©”μ‹œμ§€ μˆ˜μ‹ ν•¨μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ©”μ‹œμ§€κ°€ 무엇인지 κ³ λ₯΄λ©°
01:33
choosing which is the most important.
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ν›‘μ–΄λ³Ό λ•Œλ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:35
Once you've dealt with that one, you repeat.
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것을 ν•˜λ‚˜ κ³ λ₯΄κ³ , 또 κ³ λ₯΄κ² μ£ .
01:37
Seems sensible, but there's a problem here.
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합리적인 것 κ°™μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
This is what's known as a quadratic-time algorithm.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이차방정식 μ‹œκ°„ μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜μ΄λΌλŠ” 것이죠.
01:43
With an inbox that's twice as full, these passes will take twice as long
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λ©”μ‹œμ§€κ°€ 두 배둜 λ§Žμ€ κ²½μš°μ—”, ν›‘μ–΄λ³΄λŠ” μ‹œκ°„λ„ 두 λ°°κ°€ 걸리고
01:49
and you'll need to do twice as many of them!
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두 배둜 많이 골라야 ν•˜κ² μ£ !
01:51
This means four times the work.
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μž‘μ—…μ„ λ„€ 배둜 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
The programmers of the operating system Linux
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λ¦¬λˆ…μŠ€ 운영 체제의 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ¨Έλ“€μ΄
01:57
encountered a similar problem in 2003.
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2003년에 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 문제λ₯Ό κ²ͺμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
Linux would rank every single one of its tasks in order of importance,
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λ¦¬λˆ…μŠ€λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  일을 μ€‘μš”λ„μ— 따라 μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ§€κ²¨λ†“μ•˜κ³ ,
02:05
and sometimes spent more time ranking tasks than doing them.
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가끔 일을 ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„λ³΄λ‹€ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ§€κΈ°λŠ” 데에 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μŸκΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
The programmers’ counterintuitive solution was to replace this full ranking
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이에 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ¨Έλ“€μ΄ 내놓은 반 직관적인 해결책은
02:14
with a limited number of priority β€œbuckets.”
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μ œν•œλœ 수의 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ "λ°”κ΅¬λ‹ˆ"μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
The system was less precise about what to do next
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이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ μ •ν™•ν•œ μˆœμ„œλ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
02:21
but more than made up for it by spending more time making progress.
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μž‘μ—…μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 데에 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μŸμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
So with your emails, insisting on always doing the very most important thing first
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μ΄λ©”μΌμ˜ μ€‘μš”λ„λ§Œ 가지고 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό λ”°μ Έμ„œ 일을 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
02:30
could lead to a meltdown.
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였λ₯˜κ°€ λ°œμƒν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
Waking up to an inbox three times fuller than normal
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ν‰μ†Œλ³΄λ‹€ μ„Έ λ°° 더 λ§Žμ€ μˆ˜μ‹ ν•¨μ„ λ³΄λŠ” 것은
02:35
could take nine times longer to clear.
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9배의 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 더 κ±Έλ¦°λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
02:38
You’d be better off replying in chronological order, or even at random!
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μ‹œκ°„ μˆœμ„œλŒ€λ‘œ, ν˜Ήμ€ λ¬΄μž‘μœ„λ‘œ λ‹΅μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 방법이 더 λ‚˜μ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Surprisingly, sometimes giving up on doing things in the perfect order
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λ†€λžκ²Œλ„, 가끔 일을 μ™„λ²½ν•œ μˆœμ„œλŒ€λ‘œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것이
02:47
may be the key to getting them done.
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일을 끝낼 수 μžˆλŠ” μ—΄μ‡ κ°€ λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
Another insight that emerges from computer scheduling
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컴퓨터 μŠ€μΌ€μ€„λ§μ—μ„œ 얻은 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ κΉ¨λ‹¬μŒμ€
02:53
has to do with one of the most prevalent features of modern life: interruptions.
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ν˜„λŒ€ μƒν™œμ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 νŠΉμ§•μΈ 'κ°œμž…'κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
When a computer goes from one task to another,
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컴퓨터가 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μž‘μ—…μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μž‘μ—…μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°ˆ λ•Œ,
03:01
it has to do what's called a context switch,
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μ»¨ν…μŠ€νŠΈ μ „ν™˜μ΄λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°,
03:04
bookmarking its place in one task,
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ν•œ μž‘μ—…μ— μž‘μ—… μ˜μ—­μ„ λΆλ§ˆν¬μ— μΆ”κ°€ν•˜κ³ 
03:07
moving old data out of its memory and new data in.
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λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬μ—μ„œ 이전 데이터λ₯Ό μ§€μš°κ³  μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 데이터λ₯Ό μ €μž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Each of these actions comes at a cost.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  각각의 λ™μž‘μ—λŠ” μ½”μŠ€νŠΈκ°€ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
The insight here is that there’s a fundamental tradeoff
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 생산성과 λŒ€μ‘μ„± 간에 ꡐλ₯˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μ£ .
03:16
between productivity and responsiveness.
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03:20
Getting serious work done means minimizing context switches.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 일을 λ§ˆμ³€λ‹€λŠ” 것은 μ»¨ν…μŠ€νŠΈ μ „ν™˜μ„ μΆ•μ†Œμ‹œμΌ°λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
But being responsive means reacting anytime something comes up.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λŒ€μ‘μ„±μ€ μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 무언가에 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
These two principles are fundamentally in tension.
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이 두 원칙은 근본적으둜 κΈ΄μž₯ μƒνƒœμ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
Recognizing this tension allows us
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이 κΈ΄μž₯ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦¬λ©΄
03:34
to decide where we want to strike that balance.
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κ· ν˜•μ˜ μ–΄λŠ μͺ½μ„ κΉ° 지 κ²°μ •ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
The obvious solution is to minimize interruptions.
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ν™•μ‹€ν•œ 해결책은 κ°œμž…μ„ μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
The less obvious one is to group them.
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덜 ν™•μ‹€ν•œ 해결책은 κ·Έλ£Ήν™” ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄κ³ μš”.
03:45
If no notification or email requires a response
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μ•ŒλžŒμ΄λ‚˜ 이메일이 λŒ€λž΅ ν•œμ‹œκ°„μ— ν•œ 번
03:48
more urgently than once an hour, say,
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μ¦‰κ°μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°˜μ‘ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이메일을 그만큼
03:52
then that’s exactly how often you should check them. No more.
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확인을 ν•΄ μ£Όμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
컴퓨터 κ³΅ν•™μ—μ„œλŠ” 이λ₯Ό μΈν„°λŸ½νŠΈ 병합이라 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
In computer science, this idea goes by the name of interrupt coalescing.
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이듀이 였길 κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒλ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
04:02
Rather than dealing with things as they come up –
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04:04
Oh, the mouse was moved?
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였, λ§ˆμš°μŠ€κ°€ μ›€μ§μ˜€κ΅°μš”?
04:05
A key was pressed?
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ν‚€κ°€ λˆŒλ Έλ„€μš”?
쒀더 λ§Žμ€ 파일이 λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?
04:07
More of that file downloaded? –
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04:08
the system groups these interruptions together
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ λŒ€κΈ° μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ“Έ 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— 따라 μΈν„°λŸ½νŠΈλ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ λ¬ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
based on how long they can afford to wait.
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04:14
In 2013, interrupt coalescing
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2013λ…„, μΈν„°λŸ½νŠΈ 병합이
04:17
triggered a massive improvement in laptop battery life.
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λ…ΈνŠΈλΆ 배터리 수λͺ…을 크게 ν–₯μƒμ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
This is because deferring interruptions lets a system check everything at once,
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μΈν„°λŸ½νŠΈ μ‹€ν–‰ μ—°κΈ°κ°€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ ν•œλ²ˆμ— ν™•μΈν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ³ 
04:26
then quickly re-enter a low-power state.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ €μ „λ ₯ μƒνƒœλ‘œ κ°€κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
As with computers, so it is with us.
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컴퓨터가 그렇듯이 μš°λ¦¬λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
Perhaps adopting a similar approach
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 방법을 μ„ νƒν•˜λ©΄
04:35
might allow us users to reclaim our own attention,
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우리 μ‚¬μš©μžλ“€μ΄ μ£Όμ˜μ§‘μ€‘μ„ λ˜λŒλ €μ„œ
04:39
and give us back one of the things that feels so rare in modern life: rest.
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ν˜„λŒ€ μƒν™œμ— μ•„μ£Ό ν¬κ·€ν•œ 것인 "νœ΄μ‹"을 κ°€μ§ˆ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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