The myth of Arachne - Iseult Gillespie

8,988,034 views ใƒป 2018-02-08

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:06
From sailors who were turned into pigs,
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ืžืžืœื—ื™ื ืฉื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื,
00:08
nymphs that sprouted into trees,
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ื ื™ืžืคื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ืœื‘ื• ืœืขืฆื™ื,
00:11
and a gaze that converted the beholder to stone,
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ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ืžื•ืฉืื ืœืื‘ืŸ,
00:14
Greek mythology brims with shape-shifters.
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ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื” ื‘ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื•ืจื”.
00:18
The powerful gods usually changed their own forms at will,
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ื”ืืœื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฆื•ืจืชื ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื,
00:22
but for mortals, the mutations were often unwanted.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื”, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื.
00:26
One such unnerving transformation befell the spinner Arachne.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ื›ื–ื” ื ืคืœ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื” ืืจื›ื ื”.
00:32
Arachne was the daughter of a tradesman
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ืืจื›ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื•ื—ืจ
00:34
who spent his days dying cloth the deepest shades of purple.
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ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื™ืžื™ื• ื‘ืฆื‘ื™ืขืช ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกื’ื•ืœ.
00:39
She had a flair for spinning the finest threads,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:43
weaving them into flowing fabric,
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ืื•ืชื ืืจื’ื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ื ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื,
00:45
and creating magnificent tapestries.
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ืฉืžื”ื ื™ืฆืจื” ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ ืงื™ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
00:48
People flocked to watch her hands flying across her loom,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชืงื‘ืฆื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ืžืจืคืจืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืœ,
00:52
as if thread sprung directly from her fingertips.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื•ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืช ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื”.
00:56
But as praise for her work grew, so did her pride.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืชื”ื™ืœืชื” ื’ื“ืœื”, ื’ื“ืœื” ื’ื ื’ืื•ื•ืชื”.
01:00
Arachne could often be heard boasting about her skills,
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ืืจื›ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ืชื” ืœื”ืชืจื‘ืจื‘ ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื”,
01:04
declaring that her talent surpassed anyone elseโ€™sโ€”mortal or divine.
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ื•ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื” ืฉื›ืฉืจื•ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื - ืื“ื ืื• ืืœ.
01:09
She refused to see weaving as a gift from the gods.
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ื”ื™ื ืกืจื‘ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืืจื™ื’ื” ืžืชื ื” ืžื”ืืœื™ื.
01:13
Rather, she flaunted it as her own personal genius.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืคืคื” ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
01:18
Unfortunately, the goddess of wisdom and crafts, Athena,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืืœืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืืžื ื•ืช, ืืชื ื”,
01:22
overheard Arachne making these claims.
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ืฉืžืขื” ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื ื”.
01:25
Planning to teach the ungrateful girl a lesson,
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ื”ื™ื ืชื›ื ื ื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื” ืœืงื—.
01:28
Athena disguised herself as an old woman and stole amongst the mortals.
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ืืชื ื” ื”ืชื—ืคืฉื” ืœืื™ืฉื” ื–ืงื ื” ื•ื”ืชื’ื ื‘ื” ืืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื”.
01:33
She berated Arachne in publicโ€”
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ื ืชื” ืืช ืืจื›ื ื” ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ --
01:36
how dare the weaver claim herself greater than the gods?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืขื–ื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื”ืืœื™ื?
01:39
But Arachne only laughed, barely looking up from her loom.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืจื›ื ื” ืฆื—ืงื” ื•ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืจื™ืžื” ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื” ืžื”ื ื•ืœ.
01:43
Provoked, the old woman threw off her cloak to reveal her true form.
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ื‘ื›ืขืกื”, ื”ืกื™ืจื” ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ืืช ื’ืœื™ืžืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืฆื•ืจืชื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
01:49
If Arachne insisted on defaming the gods,
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ืื ืืจื›ื ื” ืžืชืขืงืฉืช ืœื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ืืœื™ื,
01:52
Athena would challenge her to a contest directly.
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ืืชื ื” ืชืงืจื ืขืœื™ื” ืชื™ื’ืจ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
01:57
Masking her shock at the appearance of the grey-eyed goddess,
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ืืจื›ื ื” ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื”ืœื ืฉืœื” ืžื”ื•ืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื” ืืคื•ืจืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื,
02:01
Arachne accepted the challenge.
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ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจ.
02:03
Athena drew up her own glittering loom as a great crowd gathered to watch.
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ืืชื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื ื•ืœ ืžื ืฆื ืฆืฅ ืžืฉืœื” ื•ืงื”ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืชืืกืฃ ืœืฆืคื•ืช.
02:10
The weavers began, eyes fixed and shuttles blurring.
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ื”ืื•ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•, ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืžื•ืงื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืฉื˜ืฉื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
02:14
Athena conjured wisps of cloud from above
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ืืชื ื” ืจืงืžื” ืขื ื ื™ื ื“ืงื™ื ืžืœืžืขืœื”
02:17
and slender threads of grass from below in a spectacle of strength.
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ื•ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื“ืฉื ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืžื•ืคืข ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช.
02:21
She wove tremendous scenes that showed the power of the gods:
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ื”ื™ื ืืจื’ื” ืกืฆื ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืื• ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœื™ื:
02:25
Poseidon riding the waves,
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ืคื•ืกื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ื,
02:27
Zeus firing thunderbolts,
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ื–ืื•ืก ื”ื™ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืงื™ื,
02:29
and Apollo hurtling across the sky.
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ื•ืืคื•ืœื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
02:32
In Athenaโ€™s splendid tapestry, the glory of the gods dwarfed mortal life.
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ื‘ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืงื™ืจ ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘, ืชื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืืœื™ื ื’ื™ืžื“ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื.
02:38
But Arachne had no interest in boosting godly egos.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืืจื›ื ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ืื’ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ื.
02:43
Her tapestry showed the gods abusing their power:
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ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืงื™ืจ ืฉืœื” ื”ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืืœื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืจืขื”:
02:46
squabbling amongst themselves,
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ืžืชืงื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื,
02:48
drinking and bragging,
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ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžืชื”ื•ืœืœื™ื,
02:49
and meddling in the lives of mortals.
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ื•ืžืชืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื”.
02:52
She represented Zeus as a philanderer, transfiguring himself to ensnare women:
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื–ืื•ืก ื›ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ื ืฉื™ื:
02:57
a swan for Leda,
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ืืช ืœื“ื” ื›ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืจ,
02:58
a bull for Europa,
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ืืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื›ืฉื•ืจ,
03:00
a shower of gold for Danae.
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ืืช ื“ื ืื” ื‘ื’ืฉื ืžื•ื–ื”ื‘.
03:03
Arachne then turned to the misdemeanors of other gods,
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ืืจื›ื ื” ืคื ืชื” ืื– ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
03:06
from Plutoโ€™s abduction of Persephone
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ืžื—ื˜ื™ืคืชื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืกืคื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืœื•ื˜ื•
03:08
to Bacchusโ€™s wild pursuit of Erigone.
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืจื“ืฃ ื”ืคืจืื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืก ืื—ืจื™ ืืจื™ื’ื•ื ื”.
03:13
Even though she cast the gods in the most unflattering light,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืœื ืžื—ืžื™ื,
03:16
Arachneโ€™s work shone with her dazzling skill.
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื ื” ื”ืคื’ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžื”ืžืžื™ื.
03:20
Her tapestry was almost alive,
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ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืงื™ืจ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ื™,
03:22
filled with movement and lustrous colors
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ืžืœื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื•ื”ืงื™ื
03:24
that winked triumphantly.
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ืฉืงืจืฆื• ื‘ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ.
03:27
When Athena saw Arachne's undeniably better and flagrantly subversive work,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื” ืจืืชื” ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื—ืชืจื ื™ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื ื”,
03:32
she flew into a rage and turned on the human weaver.
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ื”ื™ื ื–ืขืžื” ื•ืคื ืชื” ืืœ ื”ืื•ืจื’ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
03:36
Arachneโ€™s glee dimmed as she felt her body shrinking and contorting.
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ืขืœื™ืฆื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื ื” ื“ืขื›ื” ื›ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื’ื•ืคื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ื•ืžืชืขื•ื•ืช.
03:42
Her fingers waved wildly as her arms stuck to her sides,
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ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื” ื ืขื• ื‘ืคืจืื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ื“ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืงื• ืœืฆื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืคื”,
03:46
and black hair sprouted all over her body.
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ื•ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฆืžื— ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื”.
03:50
The goddess left Arachne with a single spool of thread unfurling from her belly,
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ื”ืืœื” ืขื–ื‘ื” ืืช ืืจื›ื ื” ื›ืฉื—ื•ื˜ ืžื’ืœื™ืœ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื‘ื˜ื ื”,
03:55
a slim reminder of her human talent.
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ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ืœื›ืฉืจื•ื ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
03:58
For challenging the assumption that the gods were untouchable,
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืขืจืขืจื” ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ืืœื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ,
04:01
Athena had shrunk her adversary into the first spider.
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ืืชื ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื” ืœืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
04:06
To this day, Arachne and her children spin out her penanceโ€”
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ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืืจื›ื ื” ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ืขื•ื ืฉื” --
04:10
or is it undaunted persistence?โ€”
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ืื• ืฉืžื ืืช ื—ื•ืฆืคืชื”? --
04:13
in the shadows of giants.
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ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ืขื ืงื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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