Mysteries of vernacular: Dynamite - Jessica Oreck and Rachael Teel

49,070 views ใƒป 2013-06-07

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Bedirhan Cinar Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Zeeva Livshitz
00:14
Mysteries of vernacular:
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ืžืกืชืจื™ ืฉืคืช ื”ืžืงื•ื:
00:17
Dynamite,
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ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื˜,
00:18
an explosive consisting of nitroglycerin,
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ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ืคืฅ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื•ื’ืœื™ืฆืจื™ืŸ,
00:21
typically molded into sticks.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืžืงืœื•ืช.
00:24
Dynamite, which coincidentally is closely related
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ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื˜, ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“
00:27
to the word dynasty,
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ืœืžื™ืœื” ื“ื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื™ (ืฉื•ืฉืœืช),
00:29
has as much to do with familial persuasion
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ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืงืฉืจ ืœืฉื›ื ื•ืข ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™
00:31
as it does etymology.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœืื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
00:34
Following in the footsteps of his inventor father,
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืžืžืฆื™ื,
00:37
Alfred Nobel took up engineering.
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ืืœืคืจื“ ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ ื”ื ื“ืกื”.
00:40
In 1850, he was exposed to the work of Ascanio Sobrero,
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ื‘ 1850, ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉืฃ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืกืงื ื™ื• ืกื•ื‘ืจืจื•,
00:45
the chemist who invented nitroglycerin.
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ื”ื›ื™ืžืื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื™ื˜ืจื•ื’ืœื™ืฆืจื™ืŸ.
00:48
More powerful than gun powder
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ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืจืคื”
00:50
and extremely unpredictable,
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ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™,
00:52
this highly explosive liquid captivated Alfred.
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ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืžืื•ื“ ื ืคื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืืช ืืœืคืจื“.
00:56
Working closely with his father,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืขื ืื‘ื™ื•,
00:58
he began experimenting with nitroglycerin,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื˜ืจื•ื’ืœื™ืฆืจื™ืŸ,
01:01
searching for a practical application for the compound.
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ื—ื™ืคืฉ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช.
01:05
After several explosions,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืคื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื,
01:07
including one that killed Alfred's brother,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ืจื’ ืืช ืื—ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืืœืคืจื“,
01:10
authorities banned nitroglycerin tests
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ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืืกืจื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื˜ืจื•ื’ืœื™ืฆืจื™ืŸ
01:13
within Stockholm city limits.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืงื”ื•ืœื.
01:15
Undeterred, Alfred moved his lab
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ืœืœื ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ, ืืœืคืจื“ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื•
01:18
and began experimenting with additives,
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืขื ืชื•ืกืคื™ื,
01:20
eventually finding one that transformed
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ืคืš
01:22
the dangerous liquid into malleable paste,
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ืืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžืฉื—ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชื”,
01:26
easier to handle
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ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
01:27
and perfect for construction sites.
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ื•ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”.
01:30
He named this material dynamite,
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ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื˜,
01:33
from the Greek dunamis,
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ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื“ื•ื ืžื™ืก,
01:35
meaning power,
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ื›ื•ื—,
01:36
and the common scientific suffix -ite.
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ - ื™ื˜.
01:40
Explosives made Alfred a very wealthy man.
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื ืคืฅ ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ืืœืคืจื“ ืœืื“ื ืžืื•ื“ ืขืฉื™ืจ.
01:44
And, in an effort to balance
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ื•ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืœืื–ืŸ
01:45
the destruction caused by his invention,
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ืืช ื”ื”ืจืก ืฉื ื’ืจื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืฉืœื•,
01:48
he created an endowment
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ืงืจืŸ
01:49
that would award Nobel Prizes
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ืฉืชืขื ื™ืง ืืช ืคืจืกื™ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืœ
01:52
to authors,
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ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื,
01:53
scientists,
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื,
01:54
and advocates of world peace
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ื•ืžืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:56
for generations to come.
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ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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