Can 100% renewable energy power the world? - Federico Rosei and Renzo Rosei

2,637,281 views ใƒป 2017-12-07

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:06
Every year, the world uses 35 billion barrels of oil.
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ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ 35 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜.
00:11
This massive scale of fossil fuel dependence pollutes the Earth
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ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืขืฆื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื–ื”ื ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
00:16
and it won't last forever.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืžืฉืš ืœืขื“.
00:18
Scientists estimate that we've consumed about 40% of the world's oil.
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื›ื ื• ื‘ืขืจืš 40% ืžื”ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
00:23
According to present estimates,
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืช,
00:25
at this rate, we'll run out of oil and gas in 50 years or so,
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ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ื™ื’ืžืจ ืœื ื• ื”ื ืคื˜ ืชื•ืš ื‘ืขืจืš 50 ืฉื ื”,
00:29
and in about a century for coal.
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ื•ืชื•ืš ื‘ืขืจืš ืžืื” ืฉื ื” ื”ืคื—ื.
00:32
On the flip side, we have abundant sun, water, and wind.
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ืฉืžืฉ, ืžื™ื ื•ืจื•ื—.
00:36
These are renewable energy sources,
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ืืœื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
00:38
meaning that we won't use them up over time.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื ื’ืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
00:41
What if we could exchange our fossil fuel dependence
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ืžื” ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื
00:44
for an existence based solely on renewables?
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ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืจืง ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื?
00:48
We've pondered that question for decades,
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ืชื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื,
00:50
and yet, renewable energy still only provides about 13% of our needs.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืจืง 13% ืžื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
00:55
That's because reaching 100% requires renewable energy that's inexpensive
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ 100% ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ืงืจื”
01:00
and accessible.
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ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื”.
01:02
This represents a huge challenge,
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ื–ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืชื’ืจ ืขืฆื•ื,
01:04
even if we ignore the politics involved and focus on the science and engineering.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื“ืข ื•ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกื”.
01:10
We can better understand the problem by understanding how we use energy.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
01:14
Global energy use is a diverse and complex system,
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช,
01:18
and the different elements require their own solutions.
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ื•ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื.
01:21
But for now, we'll focus on two of the most familiar in everyday life:
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื:
01:26
electricity and liquid fuels.
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ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ื“ืœืงื™ื ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื™ื.
01:28
Electricity powers blast furnaces, elevators, computers,
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ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ื•ื— ืœื›ื‘ืฉื ื™ื, ืžืขืœื™ื•ืช, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
01:32
and all manner of things in homes, businesses, and manufacturing.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
01:36
Meanwhile, liquid fuels play a crucial role
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื“ืœืงื™ื ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™
01:39
in almost all forms of transportation.
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ื‘ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
01:43
Let's consider the electrical portion first.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืงื•ื“ื.
01:45
The great news is that our technology is already advanced enough
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืžืกืคื™ืง
01:49
to capture all that energy from renewables,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช.
01:52
and there's an ample supply.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืืกืคืงื”.
01:54
The sun continuously radiates
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ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืงื•ืจื ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
01:56
about 173 quadrillion watts of solar energy at the Earth,
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ื‘ืขืจืš 173 ืงื•ื•ืื“ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืื˜ ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
02:02
which is almost 10,000 times our present needs.
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ืฉื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืคื™ 10,000 ืžื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
02:05
It's been estimated that a surface that spans several hundred thousand kilometers
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ืžื•ืขืจืš ืฉืฉื˜ื— ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื
02:10
would be needed to power humanity at our present usage levels.
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ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ื›ื•ื— ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:14
So why don't we build that?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
02:16
Because there are other hurdles in the way,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื›ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš,
02:18
like efficiency
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ื›ืžื• ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
02:19
and energy transportation.
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ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
02:21
To maximize efficiency,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช,
02:23
solar plants must be located in areas with lots of sunshine year round,
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ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”,
02:28
like deserts.
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ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช.
02:30
But those are far away from densely populated regions
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื›ืœืกื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช
02:34
where energy demand is high.
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ืฉื ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
02:36
There are other forms of renewable energy we could draw from,
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื‘ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ,
02:39
such as hydroelectric,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื“ืจื•-ื—ืฉืžืœื™,
02:40
geothermal,
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ื’ืื•ืชืจืžื™,
02:42
and biomasses,
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ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืžืืกื”,
02:43
but they also have limits based on availability and location.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื.
02:47
In principle, a connected electrical energy network
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ืจืฉืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช
02:51
with power lines crisscrossing the globe
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ืขื ืงื•ื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืฉืžืจืฉืชื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก
02:53
would enable us to transport power from where it's generated
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ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื•ื— ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ
02:57
to where it's needed.
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ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืจืฉ.
02:59
But building a system on this scale faces an astronomical price tag.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืชื’ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™.
03:03
We could lower the cost by developing advanced technologies
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช
03:06
to capture energy more efficiently.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
03:09
The infrastructure for transporting energy would also have to change drastically.
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ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื“ืจืกื˜ื™ืช.
03:14
Present-day power lines lose about 6-8% of the energy they carry
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ืงื•ื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš 6-8% ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื
03:19
because wire material dissipates energy through resistance.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช.
03:23
Longer power lines would mean more energy loss.
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ืงื•ื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
03:27
Superconductors could be one solution.
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ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“.
03:30
Such materials can transport electricity without dissipation.
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ื›ืืœื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืœื™ ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
03:34
Unfortunately, they only work if cooled to low temperatures,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืจืง ืื ื”ื ืžืงื•ืจืจื™ื ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช,
03:38
which requires energy and defeats the purpose.
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ืžื” ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืžื˜ืจื”.
03:41
To benefit from that technology,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
03:43
we'd need to discover new superconducting materials
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
03:46
that operate at room temperature.
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ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ.
03:49
And what about the all-important, oil-derived liquid fuels?
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ื•ืžื” ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ื”ื ืคื˜?
03:53
The scientific challenge there is to store renewable energy
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ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืื’ื™ืจืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช
03:56
in an easily transportable form.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื™ื“ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
03:59
Recently, we've gotten better at producing lithium ion batteries,
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื ืขืฉื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืœื™ืชื™ื•ื,
04:03
which are lightweight and have high-energy density.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ืกื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:07
But even the best of these store about 2.5 megajoules per kilogram.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื•ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš 2.5 ืžื’ื”ื’'ืื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื.
04:12
That's about 20 times less than the energy in one kilogram of gasoline.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ 20 ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืงื™ืœื• ืžื“ืœืง.
04:17
To be truly competitive, car batteries would have to store much more energy
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™, ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืื’ื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
04:21
without adding cost.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืงืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ.
04:23
The challenges only increase for bigger vessels, like ships and planes.
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ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืจืง ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืœื›ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืžื• ืื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื.
04:28
To power a cross-Atlantic flight for a jet,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ื›ื•ื— ืœื˜ื™ืกื” ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื•ืก ืกื™ืœื•ืŸ,
04:32
we'd need a battery weighing about 1,000 tons.
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืกื•ืœืœื” ืฉืฉื•ืงืœืช ื‘ืขืจืš 1,000 ื˜ื•ืŸ.
04:35
This, too, demands a technological leap towards new materials,
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ื’ื ื–ื”, ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืงืคื™ืฆืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
04:39
higher energy density,
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ื“ื—ื™ืกื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:40
and better storage.
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ื•ืื›ืกื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:43
One promising solution would be to find efficient ways
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ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืื—ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:46
to convert solar into chemical energy.
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ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ื›ื•ื— ืกื•ืœืจื™ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืช.
04:49
This is already happening in labs,
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ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช,
04:51
but the efficiency is still too low to allow it to reach the market.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื•ืง.
04:55
To find novel solutions, we'll need lots of creativity,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
04:59
innovation,
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ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช,
05:00
and powerful incentives.
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ื•ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื.
05:02
The transition towards all-renewable energies is a complex problem
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ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช
05:06
involving technology, economics, and politics.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.
05:10
Priorities on how to tackle this challenge depend on the specific assumptions
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ืงื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช
05:14
we have to make when trying to solve such a multifaceted problem.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื›ืืœื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.
05:19
But there's ample reason to be optimistic that we'll get there.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื.
05:23
Top scientific minds around the world are working on these problems
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ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
05:26
and making breakthroughs all the time.
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ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
05:29
And many governments and businesses are investing in technologies
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
05:33
that harness the energy all around us.
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ืฉืจื•ืชืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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