How big is the ocean? - Scott Gass

2,896,994 views ใƒป 2013-06-24

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: amit geva
00:06
Imagine yourself standing on a beach,
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00:09
looking out over the ocean,
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00:11
waves crashing against the shore,
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00:13
blue as far as your eyes can see.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ,
00:16
Let it really sink in,
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ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
00:18
the sheer scope and size of it all.
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ื’ืœื™ื ืžืชืจืกืงื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ,
00:20
Now, ask yourself,
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ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขื™ืŸ ืจื•ืื”.
00:22
"How big is it?
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00:24
How big is the ocean?"
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ืชื ื• ืœื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœืฉืงื•ืข,
ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื”ื”ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
00:27
First thing, we need to understand
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื,
00:29
that there really is only one ocean,
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"ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ?
00:31
consisting of five component basins that we call
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ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก?"
00:34
the Pacific,
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00:35
the Atlantic,
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00:35
the Indian,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
00:36
the Arctic,
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00:37
and the Southern.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžืช ืจืง ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืื—ื“,
00:38
Each of these five,
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00:39
while generally referred to as oceans
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ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืื’ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื
00:41
in and of themselves,
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00:42
are really and truly a part of
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ื”ืคืกื™ืคื™,
ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™,
ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™,
00:44
a single, massive body of water,
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ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™,
ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™.
00:46
one ocean,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื”,
00:47
which defines the very face of planet Earth.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื
ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื,
00:50
The ocean covers roughly 71% of our planet's surface,
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ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืœืง
ืžื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื,
00:54
some 360 million square kilometers,
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ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืื—ื“,
ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:57
an area in excess of the size of 36 U.S.A.'s.
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืžื›ืกื” ื‘ืขืจืš 71% ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
01:01
It's such a vast spread,
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01:02
when viewed from space,
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ื‘ืขืจืš 360 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื,
01:04
the ocean is, by far, the dominant feature of our planet.
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ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœ ืž 36 ืคืขืžื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
01:08
Speaking of space,
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01:09
the ocean currently holds over 1.3 billion,
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืขืฆื•ื,
ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื• ืžื”ื—ืœืœ.
ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื, ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ืขืฆื•ื, ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•.
01:14
that's billion with a "b",
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01:15
cubic kilometers of water.
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ื•ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ,
01:17
Put another way,
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ 1.3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“,
01:18
that's enough water to immerse
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01:20
the entire United States
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01:22
under a body of salt water
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ื–ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืœื ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ,
01:23
over 132 kilometers tall,
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ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื.
ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
01:26
a height well beyond the reach of the highest clouds
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ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื™ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช
ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
01:29
and extending deep into the upper atmosphere.
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ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืžื™ื ืžืœื•ื—ื™ื
ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 132 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ,
01:33
With all that volume,
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01:34
the ocean represents 97%
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ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ืขื ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:36
of Earth's total water content.
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ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”.
01:39
On top of all that,
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01:41
the ocean contains upwards of 99%
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื ืคื— ื”ื–ื”,
ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืžื™ืฆื’ 97%
01:44
of the world's biosphere,
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ืžืกืš ื”ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:46
that is, the spaces and places where life exists.
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”,
01:49
Now let that sink in for a second.
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืžื›ื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 99%
01:51
The immediate world as we know it,
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ืžื‘ื™ื•ืกืคืจืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
01:54
indeed the totality of all the living space
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ืฉื–ื”, ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:57
encompassed by the continents themselves,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื ื• ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืงืœื˜ ืœืฉื ื™ื”.
01:59
all of that represents only 1% of the biosphere.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื,
ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื—ื™ื”
02:03
1%!
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02:05
The ocean is everything else.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ,
ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืจืง 1% ืžื”ื‘ื™ื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
02:08
So, the ocean is physically massive.
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1%!
02:12
It's importance to life is practically unparalleled.
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ.
02:16
It also happens to hold
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ืื–, ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื™ืกื™ืช.
02:17
the greatest geological features of our planet.
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ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”.
02:24
Quickly, here are four of the most notable.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืง
ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘.
02:27
The ocean contains the world's largest mountain range,
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02:30
the mid-ocean ridge.
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02:32
At roughly 65,000 kilometers long,
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื ื” ืืจื‘ืข ืžื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ.
02:35
this underwater range is some 10 times
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืจื›ืก ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:38
longer than the longest mountain chain
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ื”ืจื›ืก ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™.
02:40
found purely on dry land, the Andes.
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ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 65,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ,
02:42
Beneath the Denmark Strait exists
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ื”ืจื›ืก ื”ืชืช ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื” ืืจื•ืš
02:44
the world's largest waterfall.
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ืคื™ 10 ืžืจื›ืก ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืืจื•ืš
ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื”ืื ื“ื™ื.
ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ืฆืจื™ ื“ื ืžืจืง
02:51
This massive cataract carries roughly 116 times
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ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืคืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:55
more water per second over its edge
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02:58
than the Congo River's Inga Falls,
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ื”ื ืคื™ืœื” ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื ื•ืฉืืช ืคื™ 116
03:00
the largest waterfall by volume on land.
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03:03
The world's tallest mountain is actually found in the ocean,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงืฆื”
03:06
hiding in plain sight.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืžืคืœื™ ืื™ื ื’ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ื•,
03:08
While 4200 meters of Hawaii's Mauna Kea
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ื”ืžืคืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ืคื— ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”.
03:10
sit above sea level,
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ื”ื”ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
03:12
its sides plummet beneath the waves
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03:14
for another 5800 meters.
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ืžืชื—ื‘ื ืžื•ืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•.
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืื•ื ื” ืงื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 4,200 ืžื˜ืจ
03:17
From its snow-covered top
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03:18
to it's silt-covered bottom, then,
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ื ืžืฆื ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื,
03:20
this Hawaiian mountain is roughly 10,000 meters in height,
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ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืฆื•ื ื—ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ืœื™ื
ืœืขื•ื“ 5,800 ืžื˜ืจ.
03:23
dwarfing tiny Everest's paltry peak
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ืžืจืืฉื• ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื”ืฉืœื’
03:26
by well over a kilometer.
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ืœืชื—ืชื™ืชื• ืžื›ื•ืกืช ื”ืกื—ืฃ, ืื–,
03:27
Then, since we're picking on poor Everest,
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ื”ื”ืจ ืžื”ื•ื•ืื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 10,000 ืžื˜ืจ,
03:30
let's consider the world's deepest canyon,
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ื•ืžืชื ืฉื ืžืขืœ ื”ืคืกื’ื” ื”ื—ืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื•ืจืกื˜
03:32
the Challenger Deep,
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03:34
existing 11 kilometers below the ocean's surface,
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ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
ืื–, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื˜ืคืœื™ื ืœืื•ื•ืจืกื˜ ื”ืžืกื›ืŸ,
03:37
some six times deeper than the Grand Canyon.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:39
That's deep enough to sink Mount Everest into
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ื‘ืงืข ืฆ'ืœื ื’'ืจ,
03:42
and still have over 2.1 kilometers of water
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ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืขื•ืžืง 11 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
03:45
sitting atop its newly submerged peak.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ืคื™ ืฉืฉ ืžื”ื’ืจื ื“ ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ.
ื–ื” ืขืžื•ืง ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืืช ื”ืจ ื”ืื•ื•ืจืกื˜
03:48
Put another way, the depth of the Challenger Deep
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03:50
is roughly the same height
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขืœ 2.1 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื
03:52
that commercial airliners travel.
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ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ืคืกื’ื” ื”ืฉืงื•ืขื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื•.
03:54
So, pretty much however you choose to slice it,
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03:56
the ocean is capital B
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืข ืฆ'ืœื ื’'ืจ
03:58
capital I,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื’ื•ื‘ื”
03:59
capital G,
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04:00
BIG!
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ืฉื‘ื• ื˜ืกื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื.
04:02
It defines our planet,
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ืื–, ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื–ื”,
04:03
home to the greatest geological features,
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื’ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
04:06
comprises the largest living space,
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ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื• ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
04:08
and accordingly, is home to the greatest numbers
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ื’ื“ื•ืœ!
ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•,
04:11
and forms of life on Earth.
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ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:13
It is practically incomprehensible in scope.
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ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื—ื™ื™ื”,
ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื, ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:17
But it is not so big,
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ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
04:20
so vast,
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04:21
so extraordinary
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื ื ืชืคืก ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ.
04:23
as to be untouchable.
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04:25
In fact, with roughly 50% of the world's population
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื—ื‘,
04:29
living within 100 kilometers of the coastline
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ
04:31
and with most of the remainder
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื’ื™ืฉ.
04:33
living close enough to lakes, rivers, or swamps,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืขื ื‘ืขืจืš 50% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
04:36
all of which ultimately lead to the ocean,
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ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืขื“ 100 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ
04:38
virtually every single person on the planet
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ื•ืขื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืืจ
04:41
has the opportunity to influence the general health
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ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืื’ืžื™ื, ื ื”ืจื•ืช, ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืช,
04:44
and nature of the world ocean.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘
04:47
Evidence of human influence is seen
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04:49
in every part of the ocean,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช
04:51
no matter how deep,
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04:52
no matter how distant.
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ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
04:54
The ocean defines our planet,
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ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืื“ื ื ืจืื•ืช
04:57
but, in a very real sense,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
04:59
we define the ocean.
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืขื•ืžืง,
ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง.
ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•,
ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ืฉื™,
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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