Mysteries of vernacular: Quarantine - Jessica Oreck and Rachael Teel

68,533 views ใƒป 2013-07-04

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: benyamin zinshtein
00:13
Mysteries of vernacular:
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ืžืกืชืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™:
00:15
Quarantine,
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ื”ืกื’ืจ (ืงื•ืืจื ื˜ื™ืŸ),
00:17
a state, period, or place of strict isolation
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ืžืฆื‘, ืชืงื•ืคื” ืื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืงืคื“ื ื™
00:20
meant to prevent the spread of disease.
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ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ืคื”.
00:23
In the 14th century,
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ื‘ืžืื” ื” 14,
00:25
the Bubonic Plague,
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ื”ืžื’ืคื” ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ืช,
00:26
later called "The Black Death,"
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ืฉื ืงืจืื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ "ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ,"
00:28
spread across Europe
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ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
00:29
with devastating consequences.
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ืขื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจืกื ื™ื•ืช.
00:32
It's been estimated
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ืžื•ืขืจืš
00:34
that the Plague decimated at least one-third
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ืฉื”ืžื’ืคื” ื›ื™ืœืชื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืฉ
00:36
of Europe's population.
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ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
00:39
In a vain effort to stave off infection,
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ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ื ื•ืืฉ ืœื’ื“ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื”,
00:41
the Italian-speaking port city of Ragusa,
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ืขื™ืจ ื”ื ืžืœ ื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืจื’ื•ืกื”,
00:44
in what is now Croatia,
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื”,
00:46
mandated that ships arriving
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ืงื‘ืขื” ืฉืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช
00:48
from Plague-infested areas
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ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื ื’ื•ืขื™ ืžื’ืคื”
00:50
remain isolated on the water
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ื™ืฉืืจื• ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื
00:52
until it was deemed likely
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ืขื“ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ
00:54
that they weren't carrying a disease.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื”.
00:57
This meant that the entire contents of a ship
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ื–ื” ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”
01:00
and all of its passengers
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื
01:02
were often forced to remain on board
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ื™ื•ื›ืจื—ื• ืœื”ืฉืืจ ืขืœื™ื”
01:04
for five or six weeks before being let ashore.
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ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื“ื• ืœื—ื•ืฃ.
01:08
Though the drastic measure
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ืœืžืจื•ืฅ ืฉื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืกื˜ื™ื™ื
01:09
was only marginally successful,
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ื”ื™ื• ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืจืง ื—ืœืงื™ืช,
01:11
it wasn't long before other port cities followed suit.
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ืœื ืœืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขืจื™ ื ืžืœ ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”.
01:16
In 1397, the official period of isolation
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ื‘ 1397, ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืจืฉืžื™ืช
01:20
imposed on ships and crews
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ื ื›ืคืชื” ืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช
01:22
was set at forty days.
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ื•ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื.
01:25
Although it did little to protect ports from infection,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืžืขื˜ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื ืžืœื™ื ืžื”ื“ื‘ืงื”,
01:28
the directive stuck.
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ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื ืฉืืจื”.
01:31
From the Italian word quaranta,
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ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืงื•ืืจื ื˜ื”,
01:33
meaning forty,
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื,
01:35
this period of stasis was given the name
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ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœืฉื
01:38
quarantine.
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ืงื•ืืจื ื˜ื™ืŸ.
01:40
And by the mid 1600s,
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืžืื” ื” 17,
01:42
the word quarantine was being used
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืงื•ืืจื ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
01:44
to describe any place,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
01:46
period,
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ืชืงื•ืคื”,
01:47
or state of isolation,
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ืื• ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“,
01:48
plague-related or not.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื’ืคื” ืื• ืœื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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