The chaotic brilliance of artist Jean-Michel Basquiat - Jordana Moore Saggese

1,128,857 views ใƒป 2019-02-28

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Allon Sasson
00:07
A sky blue canvas ripped open by an enormous skull.
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ืงื ื•ื•ืก ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื ืงืจืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช ืขื ืงื™ืช.
00:11
Teeth bared through visceral slashes of oil and spray-paint.
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ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืคืขื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืงืจืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืฆื‘ืข ืกืคืจื™ื™.
00:15
In 2017,
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ื‘ 2017,
00:16
this untitled artwork was auctioned off for over 110 million dollars.
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ืืžื ื•ืช ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืฉื ื–ื• ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 110 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
00:22
But itโ€™s not the work of some old master.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืœื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืืกื˜ืจ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ.
00:25
These strokes of genius
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ืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
00:26
belong to 21 year old black Brooklynite Jean-Michel Basquiat โ€“
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ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืืžืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ 21 ืžื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื–'ืืŸ ืžื™ืฉืœ ื‘ืืกืงื™ืื˜ -
00:31
one of Americaโ€™s most charismatic painters,
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
00:33
and currently, its highest sold.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
00:36
Born in 1960 to a Haitian father and a Puerto Rican mother,
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ 1960 ืœืื‘ื ืžื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื•ืืžื ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื ื™ืช,
00:39
Basquiat spent his childhood making art and mischief in Boerum Hill.
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ื‘ืืกืงื™ืื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื™ ืงื•ื ื“ืก ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื•ื ื”ื™ืœ.
00:43
While he never attended art school,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœืืžื ื•ืช,
00:45
he learned by wandering through New York galleries,
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ื’ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
00:47
and listening to the music his father played at home.
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ื•ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืื‘ื™ื• ื ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
00:50
He drew inspiration from unexpected places,
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ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื,
00:53
scribbling his own versions of cartoons, comic books and biblical scenes
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ืฉืจื‘ื˜ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžืฉืœื• ืœืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช, ืกืคืจื™ ืงื•ืžื™ืงืก ื•ืกืฆื ื•ืช ืชื ื›ื™ื•ืช
00:57
on scrap paper from his fatherโ€™s office.
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ืขืœ ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ืžืžืฉืจื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื•.
01:00
But it was a medical encyclopedia that arguably
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœืœื ืกืคืง
01:02
exerted the most powerful influence on Basquiat.
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ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกืงื™ืื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
01:06
When young Jean-Michael was hit by a car,
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ื›ืฉื–'ืืŸ ืžื™ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื ืคื’ืข ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
01:08
his mother brought a copy of "Greyโ€™s Anatomy" to his hospital bed.
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ืื™ืžื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ "ื”ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจื™ื™" ืœืžื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
01:12
It ignited a lifelong fascination with anatomy
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ื–ื” ื”ืฆื™ืช ื‘ื• ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•
01:14
that manifested in the skulls, sinew and guts of his later work โ€“
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ืฉื”ืชื’ืฉืžื” ื‘ื’ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช, ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• --
01:18
which frequently explores both the power and vulnerability of marginalized bodies.
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ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื ื“ื—ืงื• ืœืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื.
01:23
By 17, he launched his first foray into the art world with his friend Al Diaz.
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ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 17, ื”ื•ื ืคืชื— ื‘ื’ื™ื—ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื• ืืœ ื“ื™ืื–.
01:29
They spray painted cryptic statements and symbols all over Lower Manhattan,
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ื”ืืžื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื™ืจื• ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืกืคืจื™ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”,
01:33
signed with the mysterious moniker SAMO.
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ื ื—ืชืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ SAMO.
01:36
These humorous, profound, and rebellious declarations
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ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
01:39
were strategically scattered throughout Sohoโ€™s art scene.
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ืคื•ื–ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืกืฆื ืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื”ื•.
01:42
And after revealing himself as the artist,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืืžืŸ,
01:44
Basquiat leveraged SAMOโ€™s success to enter the scene himself;
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ื‘ืืกืงื™ืื˜ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืช SAMO ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืกืฆื ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•;
01:48
selling postcards, playing clubs with his avant-garde band,
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ืžื›ืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืœื”ืงืช ื”ืื•ื•ื’ืืจื“ ืฉืœื•,
01:51
and boldly seeking out his heroes.
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ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉ ื‘ืื•ืžืฅ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•.
01:53
By 21, heโ€™d turned to painting full time.
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ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 21, ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”.
01:56
His process was a sort of calculated improvisation.
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืืœืชื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘.
01:59
Like Beat writers
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ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜
02:00
who composed their work by shredding and reassembling scraps of writing,
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ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ื,
02:03
Basquiat used similar cut-up techniques to remix his materials.
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ื‘ืืกืงื™ืื˜ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื•.
02:07
When he couldn't afford canvases,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื•ืก,
02:09
he fashioned them out of discarded wood he found on the street.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื ืžืขืฅ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘.
02:12
He used oil stick, crayons, spray paint and pencil
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงืœื•ืช ืฉืžืŸ, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืคื ื“ื”, ืฆื‘ืข ืกืคืจื™ื™ ื•ืขืคืจื•ื ื•ืช
02:16
and pulled quotes from the menus, comic books and textbooks
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ื•ืœืงื— ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ืชืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื, ืกืคืจื™ ืงื•ืžื™ืงืก ื•ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“
02:19
he kept open on the studio floor.
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ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืฆืคืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•.
02:22
He kept these sources open on his studio floor,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืฆืคืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœื•,
02:24
often working on multiple projects at once.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืขื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
02:27
Pulling in splintered anatomy, reimagined historical scenes,
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ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื”, ื•ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืกืฆื ื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
02:31
and skulls transplanted from classical still-lives,
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ื•ื’ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฉืชืœื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืžืžื™ื ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื,
02:34
Basquiat repurposed both present day experiences and art history
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ื‘ืืกืงื™ืื˜ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
02:38
into an inventive visual language.
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ืœืฉืคื” ื”ืžืฆืืชื™ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช.
02:41
He worked as if inserting himself into the legacy of artists he borrowed from,
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ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื ื™ื ืžื”ื ืฉืืœ,
02:45
producing collages that were just as much in conversation with art history
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ื•ื™ืฆืจ ืงื•ืœืื’'ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื— ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช
02:48
as they were with each other.
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ื›ืžื• ืื—ืช ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
02:50
For instance, "Toussaint Lโ€™Overture versus Savonarola"
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, "ื˜ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื˜ ืœืื•ื‘ืจื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ืกื‘ื ืจื•ืœื”"
02:54
and "Undiscovered Genius of the Mississippi Delta"
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ื• "ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืกื™ืกื™ืคื™"
02:57
offer two distinct visions of Basquiatโ€™s historical and contemporary concerns.
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ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉืชื™ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื›ืฉื™ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืกืงื™ืื˜.
03:01
But they echo each other in the details,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื,
03:04
such as the reappearing head that also resurfaces in "PPCD."
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืฉื’ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ "PPCD."
03:08
All these pieces form a network that offers physical evidence
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ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืจืฉืช ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื” ืขื“ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช
03:11
of Basquiatโ€™s restless and prolific mind.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื—ืกืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื•ื”ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืกืงื™ืื˜.
03:14
These chaotic canvases won rapid acclaim and attention.
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ื”ืงื ื•ื•ืกื™ื ื”ื›ืื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื–ื›ื• ืœืชื”ื™ืœื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘.
03:17
But despite his increasingly mainstream audience,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืงื”ืœ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื–ืจื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™,
03:19
Basquiat insisted on depicting challenging themes
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ื‘ืืกืงื™ืื˜ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœืชืืจ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื
03:22
of identity and oppression.
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ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™.
03:24
Marginalized figures take center stage, such as prisoners, cooks and janitors.
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ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืคืกื•ืช ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืžื”, ื›ืžื• ืืกื™ืจื™ื, ื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืฉืจืชื™ื.
03:29
His obsession with bodies, history, and representation
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ื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ืฉืœื• ืœื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’
03:32
can be found in works evoking the Atlantic slave trade and African history,
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ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืืช ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
03:36
as well as pieces focusing on contemporary race relations.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืžืงื“ื• ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ื–ืข ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื.
03:40
In less than a decade,
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ืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื•ืจ,
03:42
Basquiat made thousands of paintings and drawings-
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ื‘ืืกืงื™ืื˜ ื™ืฆืจ ืืœืคื™ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ื•ืจื™ื -
03:44
along with sculpture, fragments of poetry and music.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืคืกืœื™ื, ืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”.
03:47
His output accelerated alongside his meteoric rise to fame,
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืฉืœื• ื”ืื™ืฆื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืžื˜ืื•ืจื™ืช ืœืชื”ื™ืœื”,
03:51
but his life and work were cut tragically short
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื ื—ืชื›ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ืจืื’ื™
03:54
when he died from a drug overdose at the age of 27.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืช ืžืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 27.
03:57
After his death, Basquiatโ€™s work only increased in value-
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ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชื•, ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืืกืงื™ืื˜ ืจืง ืขืœื” -
04:01
but the energy and flair of his pieces
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•
04:03
have impacted much more than their financial worth.
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ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืจื›ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™.
04:06
Today, his influence swirls around us in music, poetry, fashion and film-
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื• ืžืกืชื—ืจืจืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ืฉื™ืจื”, ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข -
04:11
and his art retains the power to shock, inspire, and get under our skin.
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ื•ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืžื, ืœืชืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืชื—ืช ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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