How is power divided in the United States government? - Belinda Stutzman

3,572,673 views ใƒป 2013-04-12

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Zeeva Livshitz
00:14
Have you ever wondered
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ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ืชื”ื™ืชื
00:15
who has the authority to make laws
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ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืงืง ื—ื•ืงื™ื
00:17
or punish people who break them?
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ืื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื?
00:19
When we think of power in the United States,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
00:21
we usually think of the President,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื,
00:23
but he does not act alone.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•.
00:24
In fact, he is only one piece of the power puzzle
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ื‘ืคืื–ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—
00:27
and for very good reason.
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ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
00:29
When the American Revolution ended in 1783,
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ 1783,
00:32
the United States government was in a state of change.
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ืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
00:35
The founding fathers knew
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ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื•
00:37
that they did not want to establish another country
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื›ื•ื ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื”
00:39
that was ruled by a king,
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ืฉื ืฉืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœืš,
00:40
so the discussions were centered on
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ืื– ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ืงื“ ืขืœ
00:42
having a strong and fair national government
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื”ื•ื’ื ืช
00:44
that protected individual freedoms
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ืฉืžื’ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช
00:46
and did not abuse its power.
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ืœืจืขื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—.
00:49
When the new constitution was adopted in 1787,
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ื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ืงื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื•ืžืฆื” ื‘ 1787,
00:52
the structure of the infant government of the United States
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ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
00:55
called for three separate branches,
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ืงืจื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
00:57
each with their own powers,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื›ื•ื— ืžืฉืœื•,
00:59
and a system of checks and balances.
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ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื.
01:01
This would ensure that no one branch
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœืืฃ ืขื ืฃ
01:03
would ever become too powerful
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—
01:04
because the other branches would always be able
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
01:06
to check the power of the other two.
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ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
01:09
These branches work together to run the country
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ื”ืขื ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
01:11
and set guidelines for us all to live by.
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ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ.
01:13
The legislative branch is described in Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution.
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ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืง ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 1 ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืช ืืจื”"ื‘.
01:17
Many people feel that the founding fathers
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื
01:19
put this branch in the document first
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ืฉืžื• ืืช ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžืกืžืš ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
01:21
because they thought it was the most important.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
01:24
The legislative branch is comprised of
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ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืง ืžื•ืจื›ื‘
01:26
100 U.S. Senators
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ืž 100 ืกื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
01:27
and 435 members in the U.S. House of Representatives.
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ื• 435 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
01:31
This is better known as the U.S. Congress.
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ื–ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
01:34
Making laws is the primary function of the legislative branch,
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ื—ืงื™ืงืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืง,
01:37
but it is also responsible for
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ
01:40
approving federal judges and justices,
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ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืคื“ืจืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื,
01:42
passing the national budget,
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ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™,
01:43
and declaring war.
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ื•ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
01:45
Each state gets two Senators
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ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื ื™ ืกื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื
01:47
and some number of Representatives,
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ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื,
01:49
depending on how many people live in that state.
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ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
01:52
The executive branch is described in Article 2 of the Constitution.
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ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 2 ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื”.
01:55
The leaders of this branch of government
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ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ
01:57
are the President and Vice President,
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ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืกื’ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื,
01:59
who are responsible for enforcing the laws
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ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื
02:01
that Congress sets forth.
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ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืงื‘ืข.
02:03
The President works closely with a group of advisors,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื,
02:05
known as the Cabinet.
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ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜.
02:06
These appointed helpers assist the President
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ื”ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื
02:08
in making important decisions within their area of expertise,
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ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
02:11
such as defense,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื ื”,
02:12
the treasury,
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ืื•ืฆืจ,
02:13
and homeland security.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™.
02:15
The executive branch also appoints government officials,
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ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžืžื ื” ื’ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ,
02:18
commands the armed forces,
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ืžืคืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
02:20
and meets with leaders of other nations.
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ื•ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช.
02:23
All that combined is a lot of work for a lot of people.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื—ื“ ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:26
In fact, the executive branch employs
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžืขืกื™ืง
02:28
over 4 million people to get everything done.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื›ืœ.
02:31
The third brand of the U.S. government is the judicial branch
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ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜
02:34
and is detailed in Article 3.
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ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 3.
02:36
This branch is comprised of all the courts in the land,
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ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืืจืฅ,
02:39
from the federal district courts
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ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคื“ืจืืœื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื
02:41
to the U.S. Supreme Court.
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ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.
02:42
These courts interpret our nation's laws
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ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืืœื” ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืื•ืžื”
02:44
and punish those who break them.
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ื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ืืœื” ืฉืฉื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชื.
02:46
The highest court, the Supreme Court,
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ,
02:48
settles disputes among states,
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ืคื•ืชืจ ืกื™ื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
02:50
hears appeals from state and federal courts,
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ืฉื•ืžืข ืขืจืขื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืชื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื“ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืคื“ืจืืœื™ื™ื,
02:52
and determines if federal laws are constitutional.
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ื•ืงื•ื‘ืข ืื ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืคื“ืจืืœื™ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืงืชื™ื™ื.
02:55
There are nine justices on the Supreme Court,
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ื™ืฉ ืชืฉืขื” ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ,
02:58
and, unlike any other job in our government,
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ,
03:00
Supreme Court justices are appointed for life,
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ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
03:02
or for as long as they want to stay.
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ืื• ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ.
03:05
Our democracy depends on an informed citizenry,
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
03:08
so it is our duty to know how it works
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ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“
03:10
and what authority each branch of government has
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ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืขื ืฃ
03:12
over its citizens.
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ืขืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
03:13
Besides voting,
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืฆื‘ืขื”,
03:14
chances are that some time in your life
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืžืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื
03:16
you'll be called upon to participate in your government,
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ืชืงืจืื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ืฉืœื›ื,
03:19
whether it is to serve on a jury,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื›ื—ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื,
03:21
testify in court,
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ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜,
03:22
or petition your Congress person
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ืื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืฉืœื›ื
03:24
to pass or defeat an idea for a law.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืง.
03:26
By knowning the branches,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขื ืคื™ื,
03:27
who runs them,
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ืžื™ ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืื•ืชื,
03:28
and how they work together,
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“,
03:29
you can be involved,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื,
03:31
informed,
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03:31
and intelligent.
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ืžื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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