History vs. Henry VIII - Mark Robinson and Alex Gendler

Translator: Hani Klafrina Reviewer: Deera Army Pramana

He was a powerful king whose break with the church of Rome

Dia seorang raja digdaya yang memisahkan Inggris dari gereja Roma

would forever change the course of English history.

dan mengubah perjalanan sejarah Bangsa Inggris selamanya.

But was he a charismatic reformer or a bullying tyrant?

Tetapi apakah dia pembaharu karismatik ataukah penguasa kejam?

Find out on History versus Henry VIII.

Mari putuskan itu dalam Sejarah vs Henry VIII.

(Ketukan palu) Hakim (H): Harap tenang.

Judge: Order, order. Now, who do we have here? Looks like quite the dashing fellow.

Tampaknya kita kedatangan orang yang sangat menarik.

Defense: Indeed, your honour. This is Henry VIII, the acclaimed king

Pembela (P): Benar yang mulia. Ini Henry VIII, raja terpuji

who reformed England's religion and government

yang mengubah sistem agama dan pemerintahan Inggris

and set it on course to becoming a modern nation.

dan menjadikan Inggris bangsa yang maju.

Prosecutor: I beg to differ. This is a cruel, impulsive, and extravagant king

Jaksa (J): Keberatan. Dia adalah raja yang kejam, lalim, dan suka berfoya-foya

who had as little regard for his people as he did for his six wives.

yang tidak memperhatikan rakyat dan keenam istrinya.

Judge: Six wives?

H: enam istri?

P: (Dehem) Yang Mulia, istri pertamanya adalah hasil perjodohan

Defense: Your honor, Henry's first marriage was arranged for him

when he was only a child.

saat dia masih kecil.

He only married Catherine of Aragon to strengthen England’s alliance with Spain.

Dia menikahi Catherine dari Aragon untuk memperkuat hubungan Inggris dan Spanyol.

Prosecutor: An alliance he was willing to toss aside with no regard for the nation.

J: Persekutuan yang dia singkirkan tanpa mempedulikan bangsanya.

Defense: Henry had every regard for the nation.

P: Henry sangat memperhatikan bangsanya.

It was imperative to secure the Tudor dynasty by producing a male heir –

Dinasti Tudor harus diteruskan oleh seorang putra mahkota

something Catherine failed to do in over twenty years of marriage.

dan Catherine tak bisa melahirkan putra selama lebih dari 20 tahun pernikahan.

Prosecutor: It takes two to make an heir, your honor.

J: Ini bukan hanya kesalahan Catherine, Yang Mulia.

Defense: Ahem. Regardless, England needed a new queen to ensure stability,

P: (Dehem) Bagaimanapun, Inggris membutuhkan ratu baru demi stabilitas,

but the Pope refused to annul the union and let the king remarry.

tetapi Paus menolak pembatalan pernikahan sehingga raja tidak bisa menikah lagi.

Judge: Sounds like quite a pickle. Can’t argue with the Pope.

H: Situasi yang sulit. Keputusan Paus tak boleh dilanggar.

Prosecutor: And yet that’s exactly what the king decided to do.

J: Justru itulah yang dilakukan oleh raja.

He uprooted the country’s religious foundations

Dia menumbangkan pondasi agama yang dianut Inggris

and broke the Church of England away from Rome,

dan memisahkan Gereja Inggris dari Gereja Katolik Roma

leading to centuries of strife.

menimbulkan perselisihan berkepanjangan.

Defense: All Henry did was give the Church honest domestic leadership.

P: Henry hanya ingin Gereja dipimpin oleh kearifan lokal.

He freed his subjects from the corrupt Roman Catholic establishment.

Dia membebaskan rakyatnya dari Gereja Katolik Roma yang korup.

And by rejecting the more radical changes of the Protestant reformation,

Dia juga menolak usulan-usulan perubahan yang diajukan kaum Protestan,

he allowed his people to preserve most of their religious traditions.

dan mengizinkan rakyatnya untuk melestarikan ibadah sesuai tradisi.

Prosecutor: Objection! The Church had been a beloved and popular institution

J: Keberatan! Gereja Katolik sangat dicintai dan terkenal

that brought comfort and charity to the masses.

yang memberikan ketenangan dan bantuan bagi rakyat.

Thanks to Henry, church property was seized;

Di masa Henry, kekayaan gereja disita;

hospitals closed, and precious monastic libraries lost forever,

rumah sakit ditutup, dan perpustakaan agama yang berharga hilang selamanya,

all to enrich the Crown.

demi memperkaya tahta.

Defense: Some of the funds were used to build new cathedrals

P: Sebagian dana digunakan untuk membangun katedral baru

and open secular schools.

dan untuk membuka sekolah sekuler.

And it was necessary for England to bring its affairs

Dan Inggris memang perlu menjalankan pemerintahan

under its own control rather than Rome’s.

di bawah kekuasaan bangsanya sendiri, bukan kekuasaan Roma.

Prosecutor: You mean under Henry’s control.

J: Maksudmu di bawah kekuasaan Henry.

Defense: Not true. All of the king’s major reforms went through Parliament.

P: Tidak benar. Semua perubahan besar dilakukan raja melalui Parlemen.

No other country of the time allowed its people such a say in government.

Pada saat itu tidak ada negara yang menganut sistem Parlemen.

Prosecutor: He used Parliament as a rubber stamp for his own personal will.

J: Dia menggunakan Parlemen untuk melegalkan keinginan pribadinya.

Meanwhile he ruled like a tyrant, executing those he suspected of disloyalty.

Ia bertindak bak tirani, mengeksekusi semua orang yang dianggap berkhianat.

Among his victims were the great statesman and philosopher Thomas More

Di antaranya yaitu Thomas More, seorang negarawan dan filsuf besar

– once his close friend and advisor –

- yang dulu adalah sahabat dan penasihatnya -

and Anne Boleyn, the new queen Henry had torn the country apart to marry.

dan Anne Boleyn, ratu baru yang Henry nikahi dengan menghancurkan negaranya.

Judge: He executed his own wife?

H: Dia menghukum mati istrinya?

Defense: That…wasn’t King Henry’s initiative.

P: Itu... bukan atas perintah Henry.

She was accused of treason in a power struggle

Boleyn didakwa melakukan kudeta

with the King’s minister, Thomas Cromwell.

bersama perdana menteri, Thomas Cromwell.

Prosecutor: The trial was a sham

J: Pengadilannya palsu

and she wouldn’t have been convicted without Henry’s approval.

dan dia tak akan dihukum tanpa persetujuan Henry.

Besides, he wasn’t too upset by the outcome -

Lagipula, Henry tak begitu sedih atas keputusan itu.

he married Jane Seymour just 11 days later!

Dia menikahi Jane Seymour, 11 hari setelahnya!

Defense: A marriage that, I note, succeeded in producing a male heir

P: Pernikahan yang, saya tekankan, berhasil melahirkan putra pewaris

and guaranteeing a stable succession…

dan menjamin penerus tahta...

though the new queen tragically died in childbirth.

walaupun sayangnya sang ratu meninggal saat melahirkan.

Prosecutor: This tragedy didn’t deter him

J: Tragedi itu tidak menghalangi raja

from an ill conceived fourth marriage to Anne of Cleves,

dari pernikahan gegabah dengan Anne dari Cleves,

which Henry then annulled on a whim and used as an excuse to execute Cromwell.

yang kemudian dibatalkan oleh Henry dan dimanfaatkan untuk mengeksekusi Cromwell.

As if that weren’t enough, he then married Catherine Howard

Belum cukup, dia kemudian menikahi Catherine Howard

– a cousin of Anne Boleyn – before having her executed too.

- sepupu Anne Boleyn - sebelum dia dihukum mati juga.

Defense: She was engaged in adultery to which she confessed!

P: Howard diduga berselingkuh dan akhirnya mengaku!

Regardless, Henry’s final marriage to Catherine Parr

Bagaimanapun, pernikahan terakhir Henry dengan Catherine Parr

was actually very successful.

sangat berhasil.

Prosecutor: His sixth! It only goes to show he was an intemperate king

J: Pernikahan keenam! Yang menunjukan sang raja sudah melewati batas,

who allowed faction and intrigue to rule his court,

menggunakan perselisihan dan intrik dalam memerintah,

concerned only with his own pleasure and grandiosity.

ia hanya peduli dengan kesenangan dan kejayaannya sendiri.

Defense: That grandiosity was part of the king’s role as a model for his people.

P: Kejayaan itu adalah bagian dari peran raja sebagai contoh bagi rakyatnya.

He was a learned scholar and musician who generously patronized the arts,

Dia adalah cendekiawan dan musisi yang dermawan dalam melestarikan kesenian,

as well as being an imposing warrior and sportsman.

selain juga seorang petarung dan olahragawan yang mengesankan.

And the lavish tournaments he hosted

Kemewahan pertandingan yang diadakannya

enhanced England’s reputation on the world stage.

meningkatkan reputasi Inggris di tingkat dunia.

Prosecutor: And yet both his foreign and domestic policies were a disaster.

J: Tetapi kebijakan dalam dan luar negerinya sangat buruk.

His campaigns in France and his brutal invasion of Scotland drained the treasury,

Penyerangan ke Perancis dan invasi brutal ke Skotlandia menghabiskan kekayaan negara

and his attempt to pay for it by debasing the coinage led to constant inflation.

dan kebijakannya memotong nilai mata uang berujung pada inflasi.

The lords and landowners responded by removing access to common pastures

Akibatnya para bangsawan dan tuan tanah melarang akses ke lahan-lahan umum

and turning the peasant population into beggars.

sehingga membuat rakyat jelata menjadi pengemis.

Defense: Beggars who would soon become yeomen farmers.

P: Pengemis ini menjadi yeoman, petani di ladang sendiri.

The enclosures made farming more efficient, and created a labor surplus

Sistem lahan ini membuat pertanian lebih efisien

dan menghasilkan kelebihan tenaga kerja yang menjadi dasar Revolusi Industri.

that laid the foundation for the Industrial Revolution.

England would never have become the great power that it did without them

Inggris tidak akan menjadi sebesar sekarang tanpa mereka

…and without Henry.

...dan tanpa Henry.

Judge: Well, I think no matter what,

H: Di luar semua itu, harus diakui

we can all agree he looks great in that portrait.

dia tampak keren di foto itu.

A devout believer who broke with the Church.

Seorang umat yang membelot dari Gereja Roma.

A man of learning who executed scholars.

Orang terpelajar yang menghukum mati para cendekiawan.

A king who brought stability to the throne,

Raja yang membawa stabilitas kerajaan,

but used it to promote his own glory,

tetapi menggunakan kekuasaan untuk kepentingan pribadi,

Henry VIII embodied all the contradictions of monarchy

Henry VIII memiliki semua kontradiksi pemerintahan monarki

on the verge of the modern era.

di awal era modern.

But separating the ruler from the myth is all part of putting history on trial.

Memisahkannya dari mitos di sekitarnya,

berarti mengadili sejarah, seperti pada video ini.