The hidden life of Rosa Parks - Riché D. Richardson

562,603 views ・ 2020-04-13

TED-Ed


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Prevoditelj: Neda Vrkic Recezent: Sanda L
00:07
In 1944, 11 years before her fateful decision on a Montgomery Bus,
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Godine 1944., 11 godina prije svoje fatalne odluke u autobusu u Montgomeryju,
00:13
Rosa Parks was investigating a vicious crime.
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Rosa Parks istraživala je grozni zločin.
00:16
As an emissary for the National Association
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Kao izaslanica Nacionalne udruge
00:18
for the Advancement of Colored People,
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za napredak obojenih ljudi,
00:20
she had traveled to rural Alabama to meet with Recy Taylor,
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otputovala je u ruralnu Alabamu da se sastane s Recy Taylor,
00:23
a young woman who had been sexually assaulted by six white men.
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mladom ženom koju je seksualno napastovalo šestero bijelaca.
00:28
It would be difficult enough to convince an Alabama court
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Bilo bi dosta teško uvjeriti sud u Alabami
00:30
that even one of these men was guilty,
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da je čak i jedan od tih muškaraca kriv,
00:32
but Rosa was undeterred.
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ali Rosa je bila nepokolebljiva.
00:34
She formed a committee to defend Recy in court,
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Osnovala je odbor za obranu Recy na sudu,
00:37
flooding the media with testimony
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preplavljujući medije svjedočenjem
00:39
and sparking protests throughout the South.
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i izazivajući prosvjede širom Juga.
00:41
When a jury failed to indict the attackers,
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Kad porota nije uspjela optužiti napadače,
00:43
Parks demanded the governor assemble a new grand jury.
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Parks je zahtijevala od guvernera da sastavi novu veliku porotu.
00:46
She wrote, “I know that you will not fail to let the people of Alabama know
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Napisala je, "Znam da nećete iznevjeriti ljude Alabame u znanju toga
00:51
that there is equal justice for all of our citizens.”
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da postoji jednaka pravda za sve naše građane."
00:55
Throughout her life, Parks repeatedly challenged racial violence
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Kroz svoj život, Parks je neprestano dovodila u pitanje rasno nasilje
00:59
and the prejudiced systems protecting its perpetrators.
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i predrasude sustava koji štite svoje počinitelje.
01:02
But this work came at an enormous risk—
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Ali ovo djelovanje se našlo pod velikim rizikom
01:05
and a personal price.
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i uz osobnu cijenu.
01:07
Born in 1913, Rosa was raised by her mother and grandparents in rural Alabama.
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Rođena 1913. godine, Rosu su odgojili majka, baka i djed u ruralnoj Alabami.
01:13
But outside this loving home, the fear of racial violence cast a long shadow.
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Ali izvan ovog divnog doma, strah od rasnog nasilja imao je dugoročne posljedice.
01:18
The Ku Klux Klan frequently drove past their home,
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Ku Klux Klan se često vozio pokraj njihovog doma
01:22
and Jim Crow laws segregated public spaces.
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i zakoni Jima Crowa su segregirali javne prostore.
01:25
At 19 she settled in Montgomery and married Raymond Parks,
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S 19 godina skrasila se u Montgomeryu i udala za Raymonda Parksa,
01:29
a barber who shared her growing fury at racial injustice.
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brijača koji je s njom dijelio rastući bijes prema rasnoj nepravdi.
01:33
He was involved with the local chapter of the NAACP;
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Bio je uključenu u lokalnu podružnicu NAACP-a;
01:37
a role many avoided for fear of persecution.
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ulogu koju su mnogi izbjegavali zbog straha od progona.
01:40
At first Raymond was eager to keep Rosa safe
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U početku Raymond je bio uporan u tome da zaštiti Rosu
01:42
from the potential dangers of activism.
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od potencijalnih opasnosti aktivizma.
01:45
But as she grew more incensed at the limitations imposed on African Americans,
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Ali kako je postajala gnjevnijom na ograničenja nametnuta Afroamerikancima,
01:49
she could no longer stand by.
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nije se više mogla držati po strani.
01:51
When she officially joined the NAACP in 1943,
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Kad se službeno pridružila NAACP-u 1943. godine,
01:55
Parks and Johnnie Rebecca Carr were the only women in the Montgomery chapter.
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Parks i Johnnie Rebecca Carr bile su jedine žene u podružnici Montgomeryja.
02:00
She began keeping minutes for their meetings,
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Počela je voditi zapisnik na njihovim sastancima
02:03
and soon found herself elected secretary of the chapter—
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i uskoro se našla izabranom za tajnicu podružnice --
02:06
formally beginning her secret double life.
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službeno započinjući svoj tajni dvostruki život.
02:09
By day, Rosa worked as a seamstress to support her mother and husband.
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Po danu je radila kao krojačica uzdržavajući svoju majku i muža.
02:14
By night, she researched and documented numerous civil rights cases,
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Noću je istraživala i dokumentirala brojne slučajeve civilnih prava,
02:18
from local policy disputes to high-profile murder cases and hate crimes.
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od lokalnih sporova do istaknutih slučajeva ubojstava i zločina iz mržnje.
02:23
As secretary, she prepared public responses
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Kao tajnica, pripremala je javna očitovanja
02:26
on behalf of the Montgomery chapter, battling the harsh sentencing,
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u ime Montgomery podružnice, boreći se protiv oštre presude,
02:30
false accusation and smear campaigns frequently used against African Americans.
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lažnih optužbi i prljavih kampanja često korištenih protiv Afroamerikanaca.
02:35
In addition to her legal work, Parks was a brilliant local strategist.
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Pored svog pravnog rada, Parks je bila sjajni lokalni strateg.
02:40
As advisor to the NAACP youth group council,
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Kao savjetnica vijeća grupe mladih NAACP-a,
02:43
she helped young people navigate segregated systems
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pomagala je mladim ljudima da se nose sa segregiranim sustavima,
02:46
including voter registration and whites-only libraries.
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uključujući registraciju birača i knjižnice samo za bijelce.
02:50
Through the cover of the NAACP,
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Pod zaštitom NAACP-a,
02:52
Parks strived to bring clandestine civil rights activities into the open.
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Parks je nastojala iznijeti navidjelo tajne aktivnosti za građanska prava.
02:56
She advocated for civil disobedience training
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Zalagala se za trening građanske neposlušnosti
02:59
and spoke out against racial violence, particularly the murder of Emmet Till.
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i govorila protiv rasnog nasilja, posebno ubojstva Emmeta Tilla.
03:05
In 1955, her refusal to move to the back of a segregated bus
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Godine 1955. njezino odbijanje pomicanja u stražnji dio segregiranog autobusa
03:09
helped ignite the grassroots movement she had hoped for.
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pomoglo je započinjanju lokalnog pokreta kojem se nadala.
03:12
Parks was arrested and jailed for her one-woman protest,
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Parks je bila uhićena i stavljena u zatvor zbog svog samostalnog protesta,
03:15
where she was visited by local activists.
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gdje su je posjetili lokalni aktivisti.
03:18
Together they planned a twenty-four hour bus boycott.
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Zajedno su isplanirali 24-satni bojkot autobusa.
03:22
It lasted for three hundred and eighty-one days.
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Trajao je 381 dan.
03:25
Park’s simple act had transformed nascent civil rights activism
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Parksin jedostavan čin transformirao je aktivizam građanskih prava u nastajanju
03:29
into a national movement.
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u nacionalni pokret.
03:31
In 1956, the boycott ended when the Supreme Court
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Godine 1956. bojkot je završio kad je Vrhovni sud
03:34
ruled in favor of desegregating public transport.
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presudio u korist desegregacije javnog prijevoza.
03:38
But this victory for the movement had come at a great cost.
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Ali pobjeda pokreta dosta ju je koštala.
03:42
Rosa had been receiving vicious death threats throughout the campaign,
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Rosa je dobivala opake prijetnje smrću tijekom kampanje
03:45
and was unable to find work in Montgomery because of her political reputation.
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i nije mogla naći posao u Montgomeryju zbog svog političkog ugleda.
03:50
In 1957, she moved to Detroit to continue working as a seamstress,
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Godine 1957. preselila se u Detroit da nastavi raditi kao krojačica,
03:54
until being hired by Congressman John Conyers
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dok je nije zaposlio kongresmen John Conyers
03:57
to help support his burgeoning civil rights campaigns.
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kako bi pomogla podržati njegove kampanje za građanska prava.
04:00
Ever vigilant in the fight against racial inequality,
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I dalje oprezna u borbi protiv rasne nejednakosti,
04:03
Parks remained active for the next 40 years.
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Parks je ostala aktivna idućih 40 godina.
04:06
She wrote several books,
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Napisala je nekoliko knjiga,
04:07
traveled across the country giving talks to support other activists,
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putovala širom zemlje održavajući govore da podrži druge aktiviste
04:11
and established an institute for the education of young people
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i osnovala institut za obrazovanje mladih ljudi,
04:14
in her late husband’s memory.
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u sjećanje na svog pokojnog supruga.
04:16
Today, Rosa Parks is remembered as a radical spirit
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Danas, Rosu Parks se pamti kao radikalnu dušu
04:20
who railed against the most powerful people and policies.
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koja se pobunila protiv namoćnijih ljudi i politike.
04:24
Her call to action continues to resound:
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Njezin poziv na djelovanje i dalje odjekuje:
04:27
“knowing what must be done does away with fear.”
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"Znajući što se mora učiniti uklanja strah."
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