Four sisters in Ancient Rome - Ray Laurence

10,016,313 views ใƒป 2013-05-14

TED-Ed


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: alaa habboub ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Hussain Laghabi
00:13
Today, we're going to look at the world of Rome
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุณู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุงู„ู… ุฑูˆู…ุง
00:16
through the eyes of a young girl.
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนูŠู†ูŠ ุทูู„ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ
00:18
Here she is, drawing a picture of herself
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ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฐูŠุŒ ุชุฑุณู… ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง
00:20
in the atrium of her father's enormous house.
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ููŠ ูู†ุงุก ู…ู†ุฒู„ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุญุฌู…ุŒ
00:24
Her name is Domitia,
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ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ "ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง"
00:26
and she is just 5 years old.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ.
00:29
She has an older brother who is fourteen,
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ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฃุฎ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ
00:31
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus,
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ู‡ูˆ "ู„ูˆุณูŠุณ ุฏูŠู…ูŠุชุณ ุฃู‡ูŠู†ูˆุจุงุฑุจุณ"
00:34
named after her dad.
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ุณู…ูŠ ุชูŠู…ู†ุงู‹ ุจุฃุจูŠู‡.
00:36
Girls don't get these long names that boys have.
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ู„ุง ุชุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุงู„ุตุจูŠุงู†ุŒ
00:39
What is worse is that Dad insists
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ูˆุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุจ ุฃุตุฑูŽู‘
00:41
on calling all his daughters Domitia.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุจู†ุงุชู‡ "ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง"
00:44
"Domitia!"
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"ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง!"
00:45
His call to Domitia drawing on the column,
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ุฅู† ุชุณู…ูŠุชู‡ ู„ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง ุจุงู„ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏุŒ
00:47
Domitia III.
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ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 3.
00:49
She has an older sister, Domitia II, who is 7 years old.
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ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฃุฎุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู† ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 2ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุŒ
00:53
And then there's Domitia I, who is ten.
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ูˆุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 1ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุดุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุŒ
00:56
There would have been a Domitia IV,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 4
00:58
but mom died trying to give birth to her three years ago.
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ู„ูˆู„ุง ูˆูุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏุชู‡ุง ููŠ ูˆู„ุงุฏุชู‡ุง ู…ู†ุฐ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
01:01
Confused?
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ู‡ู„ ุฃุตุจุชูŽ ุจุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงูƒุŸ
01:03
The Romans were too.
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ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุชุจูƒูˆู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
01:04
They could work out ancestry through the male line
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ูƒุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุงุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ
01:07
with the nice, tripartite names
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุญู…ู„ูˆู† ุฃุณู…ุงุกู‹ ุซู„ุงุซูŠุฉู‹ ู„ุทูŠูุฉ
01:09
such as Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus.
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ู…ุซู„ "ู„ูˆุณูŠุณ ุฏูŠู…ูŠุชูŠุณ ุฃู‡ูŠู†ูˆุจุงุฑุจุณ".
01:13
But they got in a real mess
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ูˆุตู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ููˆุถู‰ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
01:14
over which Domitia was married to whom
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง ู…ุชุฒูˆุฌุฉ ู…ู…ู†
01:16
and was either the great aunt
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ูˆุฃูŠู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุนู…ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰
01:18
or the great stepmother and so on to whom
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ุฃูˆ ุฒูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู…ู† ูˆู‡ู„ูู…ู‘ ุฌุฑุง
01:22
when they came to write it down.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูˆุตู„ูˆุง ู„ุชุฏูˆูŠู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
01:24
Domitia III is not just drawing on the pillar,
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ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 3 ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุชุฑุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ูุญุณุจุŒ
01:27
she's also watching the action.
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ุจูƒู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฑุงู‚ุจ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹.
01:29
You see, it's early,
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ุŒ ุจุงูƒุฑุงู‹ุŒ
01:30
in the time of day when all her dad's clients and friends
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ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนู…ู„ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ุง ูˆุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุคู‡
01:34
come to see him at home to pay their respects.
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ูŠุฃุชูˆู† ู„ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฏู‘ุซ ุฅู„ูŠู‡.
01:37
Lucius Popidius Secundus, a 17 year old,
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ู„ูˆุณูŠูˆุณ ุจูŠุจูŠุฏูŠูˆุณ ุณูƒูˆู†ุฏุณุŒ ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ 17 ุนุงู…ุงู‹ุŒ
01:40
he wants to marry Domitia II
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฌ ู…ู† ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 2
01:42
within the next five to seven years,
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ููŠ ุบุถูˆู† ุงู„ู€ 5-7 ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุจู„ุฉุŒ
01:44
has come as well.
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ู‚ุฏ ุฃุชู‰ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
01:46
He seems to be wooing not his future wife,
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ูˆูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชูˆุฏูู‘ุฏ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฒูˆุฌุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠุฉุŒ
01:48
but her dad.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ุง.
01:50
Poor Lucius, he does not know that Domitia's dad
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ู„ูˆุณูŠูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุณูƒูŠู†ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑู ุฃู† ูˆุงู„ุฏ ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง
01:53
thinks he and his family are wealthy
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ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ ุฃุซุฑูŠุงุก
01:55
but still scumbags from the Subura.
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ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุญุซุงู„ุฉ ุณูˆุจุงุฑูˆ.
01:58
Afterall, it is the part of Rome
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ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฑูˆู…ุง
02:00
full of barbers and prostitutes.
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ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠุฆุฉ ุจุงู„ุญู„ุงู‚ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุนุงู‡ุฑุงุช.
02:03
Suddenly, all the men are leaving with Dad.
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ูุฌุฃุฉู‹ุŒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ูŠุบุงุฏุฑูˆู† ู…ุน ุฃุจูŠู‡ุง.
02:06
It's the second hour
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
02:07
and time for him to be in court
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ูˆุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ
02:09
with a sturdy audience of clients
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ู…ุน ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ู‚ูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ุงุฆู‡
02:11
to applaud his rhetoric
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ู„ุชู‡ุชู ู„ุฎุทุงุจู‡
02:12
and hiss at his opponent.
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ูˆุชุณุชุญู‚ุฑ ุฎุตู…ู‡.
02:15
The house is now quieter.
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ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆุกุงู‹.
02:17
The men won't return for seven hours,
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ูุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ู„ู† ูŠุนูˆุฏูˆุง ู‚ุจู„ ุณุจุน ุณุงุนุงุชุŒ
02:19
not until dinner time.
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ุญุชู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ู„ุนุดุงุก.
02:21
But what happens in the house for those seven hours?
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุณุจุนุŸ
02:25
What do Domitia, Domitia, and Domitia do all day?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูุนู„ ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…ุŸ
02:29
Not an easy question!
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ุณุคุงู„ ู„ูŠุณ ุณู‡ู„ุง!
02:31
Everything written down by the Romans
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ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ู‚ูุจู„ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู†
02:33
that we have today was written by men.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„.
02:36
This makes constructing the lives of women difficult.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฌุนู„ ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุตุนุจุฉ.
02:39
However, we can't have a history of just Roman men,
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู† ูู‚ุทุŒ
02:44
so here it goes.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ู…ุถูŠ ู‡ู†ุง.
02:45
We can begin in the atrium.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู†ุงุก.
02:47
There is a massive loom,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูˆู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ
02:48
on which Dad's latest wife is working on a new toga.
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ุญูŠุซ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฒูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจ ุงู„ุขุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุบุฒู„ ุณุชุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
02:52
Domitia, Domitia, and Domitia are tasked
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ูƒูู„ูู‘ูุช ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง
02:55
with spinning the wool
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ุจุงู„ุบุฒู„ ูˆุงู„ุตูˆู
02:56
that will be used to weave this mighty garment,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู„ู†ุณุฌ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…ุฉุŒ
02:59
30 or more feet long and elliptical in shape.
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ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุจุทูˆู„ 30 ู‚ุฏู…ุง ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ .
03:03
Romans loved the idea
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ุฃุญุจ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู† ููƒุฑุฉ
03:05
that their wives work wool.
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ุฃู† ุฒูˆุฌุงุชู‡ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุบุฒู„ ุงู„ุตูˆู.
03:07
We know that because it's written
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ู†ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุฃุฌู„ู‡ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ
03:08
on the gravestones of so many Roman women.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุดูˆุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุจูˆุฑ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู† ุฃุณู…ุงุก ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู†.
03:12
Unlike women in Greece,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ุŒ
03:14
Roman women go out the house
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ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู† ูŠุฎุฑูุฌู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„
03:15
and move about the city.
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ูˆูŠุชู†ู‚ูŽู‘ู„ู†ูŽ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ.
03:17
They go to the baths in the morning to avoid the men
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ูŠุฐู‡ุจู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู…ุงู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุตุจุงุญ ู„ุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„
03:20
or to separate baths that are for women only.
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ุฃูˆ ู„ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุญู…ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู„ู†ุณุงุก ูู‚ุท.
03:24
Some do go in for the latest fad of the AD 70s:
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ูˆุงู„ุจุนุถ ูŠุฐู‡ุจู† ู„ุฃุญุฏุซ ุจุฏุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏ:
03:28
nude bathing with men present.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชุญู…ุงู… ุนุงุฑูŠุงุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุญุงุถุฑูŠู†.
03:32
Where they have no place
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ุญูŠุซ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู† ู…ูƒุงู†
03:33
is where the men are:
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ุฅู„ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„:
03:35
in the Forum,
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ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุฏูŠุŒ
03:36
in the Law Court,
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ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ุŒ
03:37
or in the Senate House.
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ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ุดูŠูˆุฎ.
03:39
Their place in public is in the porticos
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ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑูˆู‚ุฉ
03:42
with gardens,
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ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏุงุฆู‚ุŒ
03:43
with sculpture,
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ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุญูˆุชุงุชุŒ
03:44
and with pathways for walking in.
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ูˆู…ุน ู…ู…ุฑุงุช ู„ู„ู…ุดูŠ ููŠู‡ุง.
03:47
When Domitia, Domitia, and Domitia want
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง
03:49
to leave the house to go somewhere,
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ุฃู† ูŠุบุงุฏุฑู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ู„ู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุงุŒ
03:51
like the Portico of Livia,
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ู…ุซู„ ุฑูˆุงู‚ ู„ูŠููŠุงุŒ
03:53
they must get ready.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุชุฌู‡ูŽู‘ุฒู†.
03:55
Domitia II and Domitia III are ready,
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ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 2 ูˆุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 3 ู‚ุฏ ุชุฌู‡ูŽู‘ุฒู†ุŒ
03:58
but Domitia I, who is betrothed to be married
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ู„ูƒู† ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 1ุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฎุทูˆุจุฉ ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุฒูˆุฌุฉ
04:01
in two years to darling Philatus,
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ููŠ ุบุถูˆู† ุนุงู…ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุจูŠุจู‡ุง ููŠู„ุงุชูˆุณุŒ
04:03
isn't ready.
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ุบูŠุฑ ุฌุงู‡ุฒุฉ.
04:05
She's not slow, she just has more to do.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุจุทูŠุฆุฉุŒ ูู‚ุท ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุง.
04:08
Being betrothed means she wears the insignia of betrothal:
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ุฌูˆู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฑุชุฏูŠ ุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุจุฉ:
04:12
engagement rings
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ูˆุฎูˆุงุชู… ุงู„ุฎุทุจุฉ
04:14
and all the gifts Pilatus has given her -
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ูˆุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู‡ุฏุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุนุทุงู‡ุง ููŠู„ุงุชูˆุณ ู„ู‡ุง -
04:16
jewels,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌูˆู‡ุฑุงุชุŒ
04:17
earrings,
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ูˆุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุงุทุŒ
04:18
necklaces,
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ูˆุงู„ู‚ู„ุงุฆุฏุŒ
04:19
and the pendants.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู„ู‚ุงุช.
04:21
She may even wear her myrtle crown.
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ุญุชู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชุฑุชุฏูŠ ุชุงุฌู‡ุง ู…ู† ู†ุจุงุช ุงู„ุขุณ.
04:23
All this bling shouts,
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ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุขุฎุฑ ุตูŠุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌูˆู‡ุฑุงุชุŒ
04:25
"I'm getting married to that 19 year old
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"ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุฒูˆุฌุฉ ู…ู†ุฐ ูƒุงู† ุนู…ุฑูŠ 19 ุณู†ุฉ
04:27
who gave me all this stuff I'm wearing!"
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุฏู… ู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุฑุชุฏูŠู‡ุง! "
04:30
While as they wait, Domitia II and Domitia III play with their dolls
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ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู†ุŒ ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 2 ูˆุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 3 ุชู†ุชุธุฑุงู† ูˆุชู„ุนุจุงู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏู…ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ู…ุง
04:34
that mirror the image of their sister
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูู…ุซูู‘ู„ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุชู‡ู…ุง
04:36
decked out to be married.
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ุงู„ู…ูุชุฒูŠูู‘ู†ุฉ ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุฒูˆุฌุฉ.
04:38
One day, these dolls will be dedicated
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ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ุณูŠุชู… ุฅู‡ุฏุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏู…ู‰
04:40
to the household gods on the day of their wedding.
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ู„ุขู„ู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุฉ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุฒูุงูู‡ู…ุง.
04:43
Okay, we're ready.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู…ุณุชุนุฏูˆู†.
04:45
The girls step into litters carried by some burly slaves.
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ุชุตุนุฏ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุญู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนุจูŠุฏ ุฃู‚ูˆูŠุงุก ุงู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ.
04:49
They also have a chaperone with them
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ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‡ู† ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ุฑุงูู‚ ูŠุญู…ูŠู‡ู†
04:51
and will be meeting an aunt at the Porticus of Livia.
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ูˆุณูˆู ูŠู„ุชู‚ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุนู…ุฉ ููŠ ุจูˆุฑุชูƒุณ ู„ูŠููŠุง.
04:54
Carried high on the shoulders of these slaves,
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ุญูู…ู„ู† ุนุงู„ูŠุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุชุงู ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุนุจูŠุฏุŒ
04:57
the girls look out through the curtains
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ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ูŠู†ุธุฑู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุณุชุงุฆุฑ
04:59
to see the crowded streets below them.
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ู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน ุงู„ู…ุฒุฏุญู…ุฉ ุฃุณูู„ู‡ู….
05:02
They traverse the city, pass the Coliseum,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ ูˆุชุฌุชุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุฌุŒ
05:04
but then turn off to climb up the hill
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุชูˆู‚ูู† ู„ุชุณู„ู‚ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„
05:07
to the Porticus of Livia.
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ูˆุตูˆู„ุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจูˆุฑุชูƒุณ ู„ูŠููŠุง.
05:09
It was built by Livia, the wife of the first emperor Augustus,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจู†ูŠุช ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู„ูŠููŠุงุŒ ุฒูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑ ุฃูˆุบุณุทุณ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ
05:13
on the site of the house of Vedius Pollio.
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุจูŠุช ููŠุฏูŠูˆุณ ุจูˆู„ูŠูˆ.
05:16
He wasn't such a great guy.
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุนุธูŠู…ุงู‹.
05:18
He once tried to feed a slave
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ูู‚ุฏ ุญุงูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉู‹ ุฅุทุนุงู… ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุนุจูŠุฏ
05:20
to the eels in his fish pond
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุซุนุงุจูŠู† ููŠ ุญูˆุถ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงูƒ
05:22
for simply dropping a dish.
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ู„ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฅุณู‚ุงุท ุทุจู‚.
05:24
Luckily, the emperor was at the dinner
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ู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุญุธุŒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑ ููŠ ุญูู„ ุงู„ุนุดุงุก
05:26
and tamed his temper.
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ูˆูƒุจุญ ุงู†ูุนุงู„ู‡.
05:29
The litters are placed on the ground
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ูŠุชู… ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
05:31
and the girls get out
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ูˆุชุฎุฑุฌ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช
05:32
and arm in arm, two by two,
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ูˆูŠุฏุงู‹ ุจูŠุฏุŒ ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ุงุซู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ
05:34
they ascend the steps
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ูŠุตุนุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช
05:36
into the enclosed garden with many columns.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ.
05:39
Domitia III shot off and is drawing on a column.
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ุงู†ุทู„ู‚ุช ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 3 ู„ู„ุฑุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ.
05:43
Domitia II joins her
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ูˆุงู†ุถู…ุช ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง 2 ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง
05:45
but seeks to read the graffiti higher up on the column.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุงูˆู„ ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ.
05:49
She spots a drawing of gladiators
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุฑุณู… ุญู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑุนูŠู†
05:52
and tries to imagine seeing them fighting,
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ูˆุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุฎูŠู„ ู…ุดู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุชุงู„ุŒ
05:54
something she will never be permitted to do,
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ุดูŠุก ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู…ุณู…ูˆุญุงู‹ ู„ู‡ุง ุจุฃู† ุชูุนู„ู‡ ุฃุจุฏุงู‹ุŒ
05:56
except from the very rear of the Coliseum.
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ุฅู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู ุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุฌ.
06:00
From there, she will have a good view
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ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ ุณูˆู ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุธุฑ ุฌูŠุฏ
06:02
of the 50,000 spectators
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ู…ู† ุจูŠู† 50ุŒ000 ู…ุชูุฑุฌ
06:05
but will see little by way of blood and gore.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุณูˆู ุชุฑู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑุฒุฉ.
06:09
If she really wanted a decent view,
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ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุงุฏุช ุญู‚ุงู‹ ู…ู†ุธุฑุง ู…ู†ุงุณุจุงุŒ
06:11
she could become a vestal virgin
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ููŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ุขู†ุณุฉ ุงู„ุนุฐุฑุงุก
06:12
and would sit right down the front.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฌู„ุณ ูŠู…ูŠู†ุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุงุจู‚ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ.
06:15
But a career tending the sacred flame of Vesta
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ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ู…ู‡ู…ุชู‡ุง ุตูˆู† ุดุนู„ุฉ ููŠุณุชุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุณุฉ
06:18
is not to everybody's taste.
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ู„ูŠุณ ุญุณุจ ุฐูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน.
06:21
Domitia I has met another ten year old
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุชู‚ุช ุฏูˆู…ูŠุชูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฐุงุช ุงู„ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ
06:23
also decked out in the insignia of betrothal.
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ูˆุฎุฑุฌุช ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ุชุฒูŠู†ุฉ ุจุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุจุฉ.
06:28
Home time.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„.
06:29
When they get there after the eighth hour,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูˆุตู„ุชุง ุงู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู†ุฉุŒ
06:31
something is up.
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ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ู…ุชุฑูˆูƒ.
06:33
A smashed dish lies on the floor.
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ุทุจู‚ ู…ุญุทู… ูˆู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
06:36
All the slaves are being gathered together in the atrium
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ูŠุชู… ุฌู…ุน ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุจูŠุฏ ู…ุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ูู†ุงุก
06:39
and await the arrival of their master.
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ูˆูŠู†ุชุธุฑูˆู† ูˆุตูˆู„ ุณูŠุฏู‡ู….
06:42
Dad is going to go mad.
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ุณูˆู ูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ุฃุจ ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†ุงู‹.
06:45
He will not hit his children,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู† ูŠุถุฑุจ ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ุŒ
06:46
but like many other Romans,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุบุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู†ุŒ
06:48
he believes that slaves have to be punished.
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ูƒุงู† ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุจุฏ ู…ู† ู…ุนุงู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ุนุจูŠุฏ.
06:52
The whip lies ready for his arrival.
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ูˆูุถุน ุงู„ุณูˆุท ุฌุงู‡ุฒุงู‹ ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ู‡.
06:54
No one knows who smashed the dish,
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ู„ุง ุฃุญุฏ ูŠุนู„ู… ู…ู† ุญุทูŽู‘ู… ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุŒ
06:56
but Dad will call the undertaker
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุจ ุณูŠุฏุนูˆ ุงู„ุณูŠูŽู‘ุงุท
06:58
to torture it out of them, if he must.
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ู„ูŠูุนุฐูู‘ุจู‡ู… ุฎุงุฑุฌุงู‹ุŒ ุฅุฐ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุง ุจุฏ ู…ู†ู‡.
07:02
The doorkeeper opens the front door to the house.
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ุงู„ุจูˆูŽู‘ุงุจ ูŠูุชุญ ุงู„ุจุงุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุฒู„.
07:05
A hush comes over the anxious slaves.
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ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ุตู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุจูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ูŠู†.
07:08
In walks not their master
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ููŠู…ุง ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู…ูุดูŠุฉ ุณูŠูู‘ุฏู‡ู…
07:10
but, instead, a pregnant teenager.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ุŒ ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉ ุญุงู…ู„.
07:12
It is the master's eldest daughter, age 15,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุณูŠูู‘ุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงุจู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ุŒ ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ 15 ุณู†ุฉุŒ
07:16
who is already a veteran of marriage and child birth.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูุชู…ุฑูู‘ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฌ ูˆุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ.
07:19
Guess what her name is.
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ุงุญุฒุฑ ู…ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง.
07:21
There is a five to ten percent chance
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฑุตุฉ 5-10 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ
07:23
she won't survive giving birth to her child,
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ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุทูู„ู‡ุงุŒ
07:26
but, for now, she has come to dinner with her family.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฑุงู‡ู†ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุชุฃุชูŠ ู„ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุดุงุก ู…ุน ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ุง.
07:29
As a teenage mother,
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ูƒุฃู… ููŠ ุณู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉุŒ
07:31
she has proved that she is a successful wife
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ุฃุซุจุชุช ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฒูˆุฌุฉ ู†ุงุฌุญุฉ
07:34
by bringing children and descendants for her husband,
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅู†ุฌุงุจ ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆุฃุญูุงุฏ ู„ุฒูˆุฌู‡ุงุŒ
07:36
who will carry on his name in the future.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุณูŠุญู…ู„ูˆู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
07:39
The family head off to the dining room
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ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุฉ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุบุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุทุนุงู…
07:42
and are served dinner.
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ูˆูŠุชู… ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ุนุดุงุก.
07:43
It would seem Dad has had an invite to dinner elsewhere.
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ูˆูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฃุจ ู‚ุฏ ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุฏุนูˆุฉ ู„ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุดุงุก ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุขุฎุฑ.
07:47
With dinner concluded, the girls crossed the atrium
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ู…ุน ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„ุนุดุงุกุŒ ุนูŽุจูŽุฑูŽุช ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ุงู„ูู†ุงุก
07:50
to bid farewell to their older sister
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ู„ุชูˆุฏูŠุน ุดู‚ูŠู‚ุชู‡ู†ูŽู‘ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰
07:53
who is carried home in a litter,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุญู…ู„ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุจุงู„ู†ูŽู‘ู‚ุงู„ุฉุŒ
07:55
escorted by some of Dad's bodyguards.
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ุจุฑูู‚ุฉ ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุญุฑุงุณ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ุง.
07:58
Returning to the house,
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ุญุงู† ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ
07:59
the girls cross the atrium.
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ุชุนุจุฑ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ุงู„ูู†ุงุก.
08:01
The slaves, young and old,
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ุงู„ุนุจูŠุฏุŒ ุตุบุงุฑุงู‹ ูˆูƒุจุงุฑุงู‹ุŒ
08:03
male and female,
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ุฐูƒูˆุฑุงู‹ ูˆ ุฅู†ุงุซุงู‹ุŒ
08:04
await the return of their owner.
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ุจุงู†ุชุธุงุฑ ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุณูŠุฏู‡ู….
08:06
When he returns, he may exact vengeance,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุนูˆุฏุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠู†ุชู‚ู…ุŒ
08:09
ensuring his power over the slaves
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ุถู…ุงู†ุงู‹ ู„ุณู„ุทุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุจูŠุฏ
08:11
is maintained through violence and terror,
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ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุนู†ู ูˆุงู„ุฅุฑู‡ุงุจุŒ
08:14
to which any slave could be subjected.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูุฎุถุน ุฃูŠ ุนุจุฏ.
08:17
But, for the girls, they head upstairs for the night,
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ุฃู…ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ูุชูŠุงุชุŒ ููŠุชูˆุฌูŽู‡ู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุงุจู‚ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ุŒ
08:20
ready for bed.
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ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏุงู‹ ู„ู„ู†ูˆู….
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7