Sisonke Msimang: If a story moves you, act on it | TED

100,623 views ・ 2017-02-02

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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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譯者: JIAN CUI 審譯者: 庭芝 梁
00:12
So earlier this year,
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今年年初,
00:14
I was informed that I would be doing a TED Talk.
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我被告知要發表一場 TED 的演說。
00:18
So I was excited, then I panicked,
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一開始我很興奮,然後變成緊張,
00:20
then I was excited, then I panicked,
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然後又很興奮,然後又很緊張,
00:22
and in between the excitement and the panicking,
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就在興奮與緊張之間,
00:24
I started to do my research,
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我開始進行一些研究,
00:27
and my research primarily consisted of Googling how to give a great TED Talk.
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我的研究主要是用 Google 搜尋: 如何發表一場完美的 TED 演說。
00:31
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:32
And interspersed with that,
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在這個過程中,
00:34
I was Googling Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.
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我也查詢了 奇瑪曼達.恩格茲.阿迪契。
00:37
How many of you know who that is?
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有多少人知道她是誰嗎?
00:38
(Cheers)
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(鼓掌)
00:41
So I was Googling her because I always Google her
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我 Google了她 因為我經常 Google 她,
因為我是她的粉絲,
00:44
because I'm just a fan,
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00:45
but also because she always has important and interesting things to say.
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而且因為她總是講了 重要又有趣的事情。
00:49
And the combination of those searches
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所有搜尋到的結果,
00:52
kept leading me to her talk
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總是把我引導到她的演講,
00:55
on the dangers of a single story,
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關於只聽單一故事的危險性,
00:58
on what happens when we have a solitary lens
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關於當我們只用一種視角
01:01
through which to understand certain groups of people,
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去觀察某些特定群體的後果。
01:04
and it is the perfect talk.
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這是一場完美的演講。
01:07
It's the talk that I would have given if I had been famous first.
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如果當初是我先成名的話, 這就是我想進行的演講。
01:12
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:14
You know, and you know, like, she's African and I'm African,
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你知道,就像,她是非洲人, 而我也是非洲人;
01:17
and she's a feminist and I'm a feminist,
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她是女權主義者, 而我也是女權主義者;
01:19
and she's a storyteller and I'm a storyteller,
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她講故事,而我也講故事;
01:21
so I really felt like it's my talk.
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所以我真的認為那是我的演講。
01:23
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:26
So I decided that I was going to learn how to code,
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所以我決定學習寫程式,
01:29
and then I was going to hack the internet
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然後去入侵網際網路,
01:31
and I would take down all the copies of that talk that existed,
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把所有這場演講的影片全部刪除,
01:35
and then I would memorize it,
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然後我會把演講內容背熟,
01:37
and then I would come here and deliver it as if it was my own speech.
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然後就把它當成自己的演講說出來。
01:40
So that plan was going really well, except the coding part,
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整個計劃進行得非常成功, 除了寫程式的部分之外;
01:43
and then one morning a few months ago,
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直到在幾個月前的一個早上,
01:47
I woke up
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當我醒來時,
01:49
to the news that the wife of a certain presidential candidate
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看到一則新聞當中, 某位總統候選人的太太
01:54
had given a speech that --
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發表了一場演說──
01:57
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:59
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
02:04
that sounded eerily like a speech given by one of my other faves,
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感覺很詭異,聽起來像是 另一個我喜歡的人在演講,
02:09
Michelle Obama.
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蜜雪兒.歐巴馬。
02:10
(Cheers)
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(歡呼)
02:12
And so I decided that I should probably write my own TED Talk,
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於是我決定應該寫一篇 自己的 TED 演講稿,
這就是我現在要做的。
02:17
and so that is what I am here to do.
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02:19
I'm here to talk about my own observations about storytelling.
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我要說的是自己對於 「說故事」的觀察。
02:24
I want to talk to you about the power of stories, of course,
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當然,我會告訴你故事的力量,
02:28
but I also want to talk about their limitations,
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但是我也想談它的侷限性,
02:31
particularly for those of us who are interested in social justice.
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特別是對於我們之中, 某些關注社會正義的人。
02:36
So since Adichie gave that talk seven years ago,
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自從七年前阿迪契的演講之後,
02:39
there has been a boom in storytelling.
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說故事形成一股風潮。
02:41
Stories are everywhere,
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到處都是故事,
02:44
and if there was a danger in the telling of one tired old tale,
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雖然這可能是老生常談,
02:48
then I think there has got to be lots to celebrate about the flourishing
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但我還是認爲能有這麼多的故事,
02:52
of so many stories and so many voices.
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能有這麼多的聲音出現, 是很值得慶祝的事。
02:55
Stories are the antidote to bias.
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故事是偏見的解藥。
02:58
In fact, today, if you are middle class and connected via the internet,
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實際上,如今,如果你屬於中產階級, 而且能連上網際網路,
03:04
you can download stories at the touch of a button
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你可以下載很多故事, 只需要按下滑鼠按鈕,
03:07
or the swipe of a screen.
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或是滑動觸控螢幕。
03:08
You can listen to a podcast
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你可以藉由收聼 Podcast,
03:10
about what it's like to grow up Dalit in Kolkata.
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瞭解加爾各答地區的 賤民階層如何生活。
03:14
You can hear an indigenous man in Australia
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你可以聽到澳洲的原住民
03:16
talk about the trials and triumphs of raising his children in dignity
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談論關於教育出端莊、 具有自尊的孩子,
所需要進行的嘗試與成功經驗。
03:21
and in pride.
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03:22
Stories make us fall in love.
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故事讓我們相愛。
03:24
They heal rifts and they bridge divides.
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故事能治癒裂痕,弭平分歧。
03:27
Stories can even make it easier for us
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故事甚至能讓我們更容易
03:29
to talk about the deaths of people in our societies
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談論社會上某些市井小民的死亡,
03:32
who don't matter, because they make us care.
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因爲故事讓我們關注這些事。
03:34
Right?
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對嗎?
03:36
I'm not so sure,
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我不是很確定,
03:38
and I actually work for a place called the Centre for Stories.
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事實上我在一個叫 「故事中心」的地方工作。
03:41
And my job is to help to tell stories
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我的工作是幫助人們
說出一些挑戰主流論述的故事, 例如我們經常討論的議題:
03:46
that challenge mainstream narratives about what it means to be black
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03:49
or a Muslim or a refugee or any of those other categories
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身爲黑人,穆斯林,難民
03:52
that we talk about all the time.
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以及其他族群,背後所代表的含意。
03:55
But I come to this work
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但是我接手這份工作,
03:57
after a long history as a social justice activist,
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是在我長期從事社會正義行動之後,
04:00
and so I'm really interested in the ways
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而且讓我非常感興趣的,
04:02
that people talk about nonfiction storytelling
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是人們在談論「紀實故事」時 所持的態度和方式,
04:05
as though it's about more than entertainment,
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認為它不只是娛樂,
04:07
as though it's about being a catalyst for social action.
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認為它是社會行動的催化劑。
04:11
It's not uncommon to hear people say
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我們常聽到人們說:
04:14
that stories make the world a better place.
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故事能讓世界更美好。
04:18
Increasingly, though, I worry that even the most poignant stories,
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不過我開始擔心: 即使是最讓人感動的故事,
04:22
particularly the stories about people who no one seems to care about,
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特別是那些市井小民的故事,
04:26
can often get in the way of action towards social justice.
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也經常會妨礙到社會正義的進行。
04:29
Now, this is not because storytellers mean any harm.
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這不是因爲說故事的人 故意要造成傷害。
04:33
Quite the contrary.
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恰恰相反,
04:34
Storytellers are often do-gooders like me and, I suspect, yourselves.
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說故事的人通常是想要做好事的人, 例如我,以及在座的你們。
04:39
And the audiences of storytellers
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而聼故事的人
04:42
are often deeply compassionate and empathetic people.
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通常也是充滿熱情和同情心的人。
04:46
Still, good intentions can have unintended consequences,
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但是,好的動機也會導致 意想不到的後果,
04:51
and so I want to propose that stories are not as magical as they seem.
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所以我想強調的是, 說故事並不像看起來那麽神奇。
04:55
So three -- because it's always got to be three --
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有三個原因,總是要有三個──
04:58
three reasons why I think
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我認爲有三個原因,
05:00
that stories don't necessarily make the world a better place.
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故事不一定會讓世界變得更好。
05:06
Firstly, stories can create an illusion of solidarity.
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首先,故事能產生一種 「共同一致」的幻覺。
05:10
There is nothing like that feel-good factor you get
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沒有其他東西能夠像 聽了奇幻故事一樣,
05:12
from listening to a fantastic story
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能帶給你更好的感覺了;
05:15
where you feel like you climbed that mountain, right,
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就彷彿是你自己征服了那座山,是的。
05:18
or that you befriended that death row inmate.
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或者是你和一位死刑犯成為朋友。
05:21
But you didn't.
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但是你並沒有真的去做。
05:23
You haven't done anything.
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你沒有完成任何事。
05:25
Listening is an important
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傾聽故事是很重要的一步,
05:26
but insufficient step towards social action.
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但對於社會行動來説,仍然不足夠。
05:31
Secondly, I think often we are drawn
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第二,我認爲人們經常會被
那些令人喜愛、具有人性化的
05:34
towards characters and protagonists
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05:36
who are likable and human.
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角色和主人公所吸引。
05:40
And this makes sense, of course, right?
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而且這也符合常理,是不是?
05:42
Because if you like someone, then you care about them.
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因爲如果你喜歡他們, 你自然就會關心他們。
05:45
But the inverse is also true.
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但反之亦然。
05:47
If you don't like someone,
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如果你不喜歡他們,
05:49
then you don't care about them.
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你自然也不會關心他們。
05:51
And if you don't care about them,
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如果你不關心他們,
05:53
you don't have to see yourself as having a moral obligation
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你自然也不會認爲 自己負有道義責任,
05:56
to think about the circumstances that shaped their lives.
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去思考那些人周遭的生活環境。
06:01
I learned this lesson when I was 14 years old.
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我在 14 嵗時學到了這一點。
06:04
I learned that actually, you don't have to like someone
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我學到的是,實際上 你不一定要喜歡某個人,
才能認可他的智慧;
06:07
to recognize their wisdom,
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06:08
and you certainly don't have to like someone
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而且你也不需要喜歡某個人,
06:10
to take a stand by their side.
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才能和他站在同一陣線。
06:12
So my bike was stolen
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我的脚踏車被偷了,
06:15
while I was riding it --
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在我騎著它的的時候──
06:17
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:18
which is possible if you're riding slowly enough, which I was.
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這是可能的,如果你騎得夠慢, 我當時就是這樣。
06:21
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:23
So one minute I'm cutting across this field
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就在我正要穿過一片田地的時候,
06:26
in the Nairobi neighborhood where I grew up,
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就在奈洛比附近,我生長的地方,
06:28
and it's like a very bumpy path,
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因為路非常崎嶇不平,
06:31
and so when you're riding a bike,
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所以當你騎車時,
06:32
you don't want to be like, you know --
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你不會想要......你知道的──
06:35
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:38
And so I'm going like this, slowly pedaling,
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所以我就騎得很慢。
06:42
and all of a sudden, I'm on the floor.
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突然間,我摔倒在地上。
06:45
I'm on the ground, and I look up,
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當我躺在地上時,抬頭一看,
06:47
and there's this kid peddling away in the getaway vehicle,
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有個小孩正騎著車逃跑,
06:50
which is my bike,
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他騎著我的脚踏車。
06:51
and he's about 11 or 12 years old, and I'm on the floor,
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他大概 11 或 12 嵗, 我還倒在地上,
06:55
and I'm crying because I saved a lot of money for that bike,
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然後我大哭,因為我存了很久的錢 才買了這輛脚踏車,
06:58
and I'm crying and I stand up and I start screaming.
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於是我一邊哭,一邊站起來大喊。
07:00
Instinct steps in, and I start screaming, "Mwizi, mwizi!"
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出於本能,我開始大喊: "Mwizi, mwizi! "
07:04
which means "thief" in Swahili.
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這在斯瓦希里語中 代表「小偷」的意思。
07:07
And out of the woodworks, all of these people come out
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這時候許多人從伐木場跑出來,
07:12
and they start to give chase.
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他們開始追趕。
07:14
This is Africa, so mob justice in action.
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這是在非洲,當時暴民政治 正在興起。是吧?
07:16
Right?
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07:17
And I round the corner, and they've captured him,
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(笑聲)
當我走到轉角時, 他們已經抓住了小偷。
07:20
they've caught him.
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他們已經抓住了他。
07:22
The suspect has been apprehended,
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嫌犯已被逮捕,
07:24
and they make him give me my bike back,
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他們要他把脚踏車還給我,
07:27
and they also make him apologize.
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而且他們還要他道歉。
07:29
Again, you know, typical African justice, right?
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你知道,這是典型的非洲正義,是吧?
所以他們要他說:對不起。
07:33
And so they make him say sorry.
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07:34
And so we stand there facing each other,
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我們當時就面對面站著,
07:36
and he looks at me, and he says sorry,
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他看著我,說了對不起。
07:39
but he looks at me with this unbridled fury.
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但是他用非常憤怒的表情看著我,
07:43
He is very, very angry.
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他非常,非常生氣。
07:47
And it is the first time that I have been confronted with someone
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這是我第一次直接面對著,
一個只是因爲我的身份 而不喜歡我的人。
07:50
who doesn't like me simply because of what I represent.
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07:53
He looks at me with this look as if to say,
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他帶著那種神情看著我,彷彿在説:
07:55
"You, with your shiny skin and your bike, you're angry at me?"
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「你,你有光滑的皮膚, 還有一輛脚踏車,你對我生氣?」
08:01
So it was a hard lesson that he didn't like me,
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我知道他不喜歡我,這的確不好受,
08:04
but you know what, he was right.
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但是你知道嗎,他這樣想是正常的。
08:06
I was a middle-class kid living in a poor country.
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在這個貧窮的國家, 我是一個生長在中產階層的小孩。
08:10
I had a bike, and he barely had food.
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我擁有一輛脚踏車, 而他幾乎連食物都沒有。
08:13
Sometimes, it's the messages that we don't want to hear,
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有時候,有些訊息是我們不想聼的;
08:16
the ones that make us want to crawl out of ourselves,
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但是那些讓我們坐立難安的訊息,
08:19
that we need to hear the most.
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卻正是我們最需要聼的。
08:21
For every lovable storyteller who steals your heart,
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在每一位我們所喜愛的 故事演說者背後,
08:25
there are hundreds more whose voices are slurred and ragged,
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有成百上千個被忽略、 疲憊不堪的聲音,
08:29
who don't get to stand up on a stage dressed in fine clothes like this.
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他們沒有機會穿上這麽好的衣服, 站在這個講臺上。
08:34
There are a million angry-boy-on-a-bike stories
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有數百萬則像是 脚踏車上生氣男孩的故事,
08:38
and we can't afford to ignore them
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我們不應該忽視他們,
08:40
simply because we don't like their protagonists
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只是因爲我們不喜歡 那些故事裏的主角,
08:43
or because that's not the kid that we would bring home with us
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或者只是因爲,
他不是我們在孤兒院 想領養的那個小孩。
08:46
from the orphanage.
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08:48
The third reason that I think
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而第三個原因,
08:50
that stories don't necessarily make the world a better place
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我認爲故事不一定能讓世界更美好,
08:54
is that too often we are so invested in the personal narrative
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是因爲我們經常 過於投入在個人敘事中,
08:57
that we forget to look at the bigger picture.
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而讓我們忘記去綜觀全局。
09:00
And so we applaud someone
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當某些人告訴我們 他們感覺到羞辱時,
09:02
when they tell us about their feelings of shame,
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我們會為他們鼓掌,
09:05
but we don't necessarily link that to oppression.
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但這時我們不一定會聯想到壓迫。
09:09
We nod understandingly when someone says they felt small,
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當有人說他們覺得自己渺小, 我們會理解地點點頭,
09:12
but we don't link that to discrimination.
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但是我們不會聯想到這是歧視。
09:15
The most important stories, especially for social justice,
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那些最重要的故事, 特別是有關社會正義的,
09:18
are those that do both,
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是那些能夠兼顧兩方面的故事,
09:20
that are both personal and allow us to explore and understand the political.
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不僅能讓我們心有所感, 又能讓我們去探究和理解它背後的政治。
09:25
But it's not just about the stories we like
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但這不僅僅是關於 我們所喜歡的故事,
09:27
versus the stories we choose to ignore.
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以及我們所選擇忽視的故事 兩者間的比較。
09:29
Increasingly, we are living in a society where there are larger forces at play,
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逐漸的,我們生活的社會裏 出現了一股愈來愈大的力量。
09:33
where stories are actually for many people beginning to replace the news.
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事實上,許多人開始 用故事來取代新聞。
09:38
Yeah?
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沒錯吧?
09:39
We live in a time where we are witnessing the decline of facts,
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我們所處的時代,正在見證著: 事實開始不被重視,
09:43
when emotions rule
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情感開始主導一切,
09:45
and analysis, it's kind of boring, right?
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而理性的分析,令人感覺枯燥,對吧?
09:48
Where we value what we feel more than what we actually know.
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我們重視自己的感覺 遠勝過我們實際知道的真相。
09:54
A recent report by the Pew Center on trends in America
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探討美國趨勢的皮尤研究中心 最近有一份報告,
09:58
indicates that only 10 percent of young adults under the age of 30
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顯示在 30 歲以下的年輕人當中,
衹有 10% 的人 「非常信任傳播媒體」。
10:04
"place a lot of trust in the media."
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10:07
Now, this is significant.
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這是很重要的警訊。
10:09
It means that storytellers are gaining trust
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這意味著,在講述故事的人
10:12
at precisely the same moment
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贏得信任的同時,
10:13
that many in the media are losing the confidence in the public.
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傳播媒體正在失去大眾的信心。
10:18
This is not a good thing,
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這不是件好事。
10:20
because while stories are important
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因爲故事雖然很重要,
10:22
and they help us to have insights in many ways,
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它能幫助我們在很多方面獲得領悟,
10:24
we need the media.
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但是我們仍然需要傳播媒體。
10:26
From my years as a social justice activist,
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在我從事社會正義行動的時期,
10:29
I know very well that we need credible facts from media institutions
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我很清楚的知道,我們需要 結合傳媒機構提供的可靠事實,
10:35
combined with the powerful voices of storytellers.
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以及講述故事者,强而有力的聲音。
10:39
That's what pushes the needle forward in terms of social justice.
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這才能推動社會正義的前進。
10:43
In the final analysis, of course,
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最後的分析,當然,
10:48
it is justice
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衹有正義
10:50
that makes the world a better place,
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才能讓這個世界更美好。
10:52
not stories. Right?
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而不是故事本身,對吧?
10:55
And so if it is justice that we are after,
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所以說如果我們追求的是正義,
10:58
then I think we mustn't focus on the media or on storytellers.
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我認爲我們不應該聚焦在 媒體或是講故事的人身上。
11:01
We must focus on audiences,
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我們必須關注聽眾,
11:04
on anyone who has ever turned on a radio
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關注那些打開收音機
11:07
or listened to a podcast,
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或收聼 podcast 的人,
11:09
and that means all of us.
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這就意味著我們每一個人。
11:11
So a few concluding thoughts
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最後我有一些想法,
11:13
on what audiences can do to make the world a better place.
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關於聽眾能做些什麽, 讓這個世界更美好。
11:18
So firstly, the world would be a better place, I think,
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首先,我認爲這個世界會變得更好,
11:21
if audiences were more curious and more skeptical
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如果聽眾能夠更加好奇、更加質疑,
11:25
and asked more questions about the social context
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並且對於他們喜愛的故事 背後的社會脈絡,
11:28
that created those stories that they love so much.
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提出更多問題。
11:32
Secondly, the world would be a better place
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其次,這個世界會更加美好,
11:34
if audiences recognized that storytelling is intellectual work.
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如果大家能意識到 說故事是耗費腦力的工作。
11:39
And I think it would be important for audiences
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另外我認為有件事 對聽眾來說是非常重要的,
11:42
to demand more buttons on their favorite websites,
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就是要求他們喜愛的網站 增加更多的按鈕,
11:47
buttons for example that say,
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比如說,像這樣的一個按鈕:
11:50
"If you liked this story,
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「如果你喜歡這個故事,請點擊這裏,
11:52
click here to support a cause your storyteller believes in."
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支持講故事那人所捍衛的信念。」
11:56
Or "click here to contribute to your storyteller's next big idea."
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或者是「點擊這裏 來捐贈她下一個大理念」。
12:02
Often, we are committed to the platforms,
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我們一般總是忠於某個網路平台,
12:05
but not necessarily to the storytellers themselves.
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而不是在故事人的本身。
12:07
And then lastly, I think that audiences can make the world a better place
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最後,我想大家可以讓世界更美好,
12:12
by switching off their phones,
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我們可以關掉手機,
12:15
by stepping away from their screens
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遠離各種電子螢幕,
12:17
and stepping out into the real world beyond what feels safe.
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走進這個真實, 但感覺不太安全的世界。
12:22
Alice Walker has said,
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愛麗絲.華克曾經説過,
12:24
"Look closely at the present you are constructing.
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「仔細看著你正在建造的當下,
12:28
It should look like the future you are dreaming."
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那應該是你夢想中的未來。」
12:32
Storytellers can help us to dream,
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講故事的人能幫助我們去夢想,
12:34
but it's up to all of us to have a plan for justice.
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但是最終還是要靠我們自己 為正義制定計劃,採取行動。
12:39
Thank you.
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謝謝大家。
12:40
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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