The fascinating secret lives of giant clams | Mei Lin Neo

109,391 views ・ 2017-10-12

TED


請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang
00:12
Back home, my friends call me nicknames,
0
12685
3046
在老家,我的朋友給我取暱稱,
00:15
such as "The Giant Clam Girl,"
1
15755
2233
比如「巨蚌女孩」、
00:18
"Clam Queen,"
2
18012
1283
「蚌蛤女王」、
00:19
or, "The Mother of Clams."
3
19319
2236
或是「蚌蛤之母。」
00:21
(Laughter)
4
21579
1351
(笑聲)
00:22
This is because every time I see them,
5
22954
2255
這是因為每當我見到他們,
00:25
I talk nonstop about giant clams all day,
6
25233
3261
就會整天不停地談論著巨蚌,
00:28
every day.
7
28518
1277
每天都如此。
00:30
Giant clams are these massive and colorful shelled marine animals,
8
30774
3822
巨蚌是這種又大又重 且色彩鮮艷的有殼海洋動物,
00:34
the largest of its kind.
9
34620
1648
是同類中最大的。
00:36
Just look at this shell.
10
36777
1716
看看這個殼。
00:40
The biggest recorded individual was four-and-a-half-feet long
11
40142
3171
記錄中最大的巨蚌, 有 4.5 英呎長,
00:43
and weighed about 550 pounds.
12
43337
2374
重量約 550 磅。
00:45
That is almost as heavy as three baby elephants.
13
45735
3257
那幾乎是三隻幼象加起來的重量。
00:50
South Pacific legends once described giant clams as man-eaters
14
50266
4417
南太平洋傳奇中說到巨蚌會吃人,
00:54
that would lie in wait on the seabed to trap unsuspecting divers.
15
54707
4001
牠們躺在海底等待, 捕捉那些沒起疑的潛水夫。
00:59
A story goes that a diver had lost his legs
16
59191
3198
有個故事說,一位潛水夫失去了雙腳,
01:02
while trying to retrieve a pearl from a giant clam.
17
62413
2915
當時他正試圖從巨蚌中取得珍珠。
01:05
I thought, "Really?"
18
65895
1415
我心想:「真的嗎?」
01:08
So out of curiosity,
19
68258
1664
出於好奇心,
01:09
I did an experiment using myself as bait.
20
69946
2647
我做了個實驗,用我自己當餌。
01:13
(Laughter)
21
73013
1355
(笑聲)
01:14
I carefully placed my hand into the clam's mouth and waited.
22
74929
3740
我小心地把我的手放到 蚌蛤的口中,等待著。
01:19
Hmm ...
23
79064
1267
嗯……
01:20
I still have my hand.
24
80355
1400
我的手還在。
01:22
It seems that these gentle giants would rather retreat
25
82731
2720
似乎這些溫和的巨大生物寧可退開,
01:25
and protect their fleshy bodies
26
85475
1581
保護牠們的肉體,
01:27
than feed on me.
27
87080
1211
而非把我當食物。
01:28
So much for those killer clam myths!
28
88315
2382
蚌蛤殺手的神話就到此為止。
01:31
Unfortunately, the reality is,
29
91778
2692
不幸的是,
事實上我們是巨蚌最大的威脅。
01:34
we are the giant clams' biggest threat.
30
94494
2627
01:37
Considered a delicacy throughout the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans,
31
97855
4186
從西太平洋一路到印度洋, 牠們慣例被當成是佳餚,
01:42
giant clams have been traditionally fished as seafood.
32
102065
2811
被捕捉之後,做成海鮮料理。
01:45
Fishermen are particularly interested in their adductor muscles,
33
105614
3540
漁夫特別感興趣的是牠們的閉殼肌,
01:49
which are organs that hold the two shells together like a hinge.
34
109178
3529
也就是把兩片殼 連起來的鉸鏈式器官。
01:53
Just for their muscles,
35
113536
1412
只因為牠們的肌肉,
01:54
giant clams were almost hunted to extinction
36
114972
2339
在 1960 到 1980 代間,
01:57
between the 1960s and 1980s.
37
117335
2665
巨蚌幾乎被捕殺到絕種。
02:01
Clamshells are also popular in the ornamental trade
38
121037
3520
在飾品貿易上,蚌殼也很搶手,
02:04
as jewelry and for display.
39
124581
1966
被當作珠寶,用來展示。
02:07
In the South China Sea,
40
127115
1742
在南海,
02:08
fishermen went out of their way to collect fossilized clamshells
41
128881
3902
漁夫會特地去收集變成化石的蚌殼,
02:12
by digging through large areas of coral reefs.
42
132807
2605
他們會挖遍珊瑚礁來尋找。
02:15
These were later carved and sold as so-called "ivory handicrafts" in China.
43
135811
5355
這些是在中國被雕刻再販售的 所謂「象牙手工藝品」。
02:21
Giant clams, dead or alive, are not safe from us.
44
141757
3664
巨蚌,不論死活, 都逃不過我們的手掌心。
02:25
It's a "clamity!"
45
145445
1352
這是「蚌災」! (註:從災難 Calamity 改來)
02:27
(Laughter)
46
147245
4392
(笑聲)
02:32
(Applause)
47
152518
4035
(掌聲)
02:37
With the spotlight on more charismatic marine animals
48
157593
3626
有魅力的海洋動物 比較會得到注意力,
02:41
such as the whales and coral reefs,
49
161243
2166
比如鯨魚和珊瑚礁,
02:43
it is easy to forget that other marine life needs our help, too.
50
163433
3700
很容易就會忘記其他海洋生命 也需要我們的協助。
02:47
My fascination with giant clams got me started on conservation research
51
167552
4919
我對巨蚌的著迷, 讓我開始進行保育研究,
02:52
to fill in the knowledge gaps on their ecology and behavior.
52
172495
3243
補起關於牠們的生態 與行為的知識缺口。
02:56
One of the discoveries that we made was that giant clams could walk
53
176292
3392
我們的發現之一是巨蚌
02:59
across the seafloor.
54
179708
1405
會在海底行走。
03:02
Yes, you heard me right:
55
182172
1522
是的,你們沒聽錯:
03:03
they can walk.
56
183718
1201
牠們會行走。
03:05
To find out,
57
185355
1193
為了求證,
03:06
we placed numerous baby clams on a grid.
58
186572
2233
我們把數隻幼蚌放在格子上。
03:08
Now watch what happens over 24 hours.
59
188829
2898
看看二十四小時後發生了什麼事。
03:16
We think that walking is important for getting away from predators
60
196892
3762
我們認為行走的重要性
是為了遠離獵食者, 以及找尋交配對象,
03:20
and finding mates for breeding.
61
200678
1988
03:22
While it can hard to imagine any movement in these enormous animals,
62
202690
4053
雖然很難想像 這些巨大的動物會移動,
03:26
giant clams up to 400 pounds can still walk,
63
206767
3484
重達 400 磅的巨蚌仍可以行走,
03:30
they just move slower.
64
210275
1708
只是移動得比較慢些。
03:33
During my PhD, I discovered more secrets about the giant clams.
65
213348
4387
在我讀博士班時,我發現了 更多關於巨蚌的秘密。
03:37
But there was something missing in my work.
66
217759
3225
但,我的研究中少了什麼。
03:41
I found myself asking,
67
221823
1949
我發現自己納悶:
03:43
"Why should people care about conserving giant clams?" --
68
223796
3459
「為什麼人們要在乎巨蚌的保育?」
03:47
other than myself, of course.
69
227279
1849
當然,是指我以外的人。
03:50
(Laughter)
70
230753
3861
(笑聲)
03:55
It turns out that giant clams have a giant impact on coral reefs.
71
235713
4162
結果發現,巨蚌對於 珊瑚礁的影響很巨大。
04:00
These multitasking clams are reef builders,
72
240314
3359
這些蚌蛤是多工的, 牠們是珊瑚礁建造者、
04:03
food factories,
73
243697
1775
食物工廠、
04:05
shelters for shrimps and crabs
74
245496
2347
蝦子和螃蟹的庇護所、
04:07
and water filters,
75
247867
1202
以及濾水器,
04:09
all rolled into one.
76
249093
1351
多種功能合一。
04:10
In a nutshell,
77
250966
1397
概括來說,
04:12
giant clams play a major contributing role
78
252387
2369
巨蚌對牠們自己住的珊瑚礁 扮演著重要貢獻的角色,
04:14
as residents of their own reef home,
79
254780
2327
04:17
and just having them around keeps the reef healthy.
80
257131
3103
光是有牠們在那裡, 就能保持珊瑚礁健康。
04:21
And because they can live up to 100 years old,
81
261000
3111
因為巨蚌能活到一百歲,
04:24
giant clams make vital indicators of coral reef health.
82
264135
3370
牠們是珊瑚礁的重要健康指標。
04:28
So when giant clams start to disappear from coral reefs,
83
268087
3046
當珊瑚礁中的巨蚌開始消失,
04:31
their absence can serve as an alarm bell
84
271777
1997
牠們的失蹤可被當作是警鈴,
04:33
for scientists to start paying attention,
85
273798
2284
要科學家開始多留意,
04:36
similar to the canary in a coal mine.
86
276106
2251
類似煤礦中的金絲雀。
04:38
But giant clams are endangered.
87
278958
1943
但巨蚌已瀕臨絕種。
04:41
The largest clam in the world is facing the threat of extinction,
88
281675
3486
世界上最大的蚌蛤 正在面臨絕種的威脅,
04:45
with more than 50 percent of the wild population severely depleted.
89
285185
4530
野生巨蚌族群有 超過 50% 在嚴重減少中。
04:50
And the ecological benefits of having giant clams on coral reefs
90
290423
3804
只有在這個族群 能保持健康的情況下,
04:54
are likely to continue only if populations are healthy,
91
294251
4511
巨蚌在珊瑚礁中產生的 生態益處才可能持續,
04:58
making their conservation paramount.
92
298786
2337
因此牠們的保育非常重要。
05:01
So I stand here today to give a voice to the giant clams,
93
301790
3627
所以今天我在這裡,為巨蚌發聲,
05:05
because I care a whole lot for these amazing animals,
94
305441
3007
因為我非常關心 這些不可思議的動物,
05:08
and they deserve to be cared for.
95
308472
2118
牠們應該要被好好照顧。
05:11
It is time for the giant clams to step out of their shells,
96
311423
3556
該是巨蚌走出蚌殼的時候了,
05:15
and show the world that they, too, can be the heroes of the oceans.
97
315003
4147
讓世界知道,牠們也可以 扮演海洋的英雄。
05:19
Thank you very much.
98
319174
1215
非常謝謝。
05:20
(Applause)
99
320413
4153
(掌聲)
關於本網站

本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7