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譯者: Lilian Chiu
審譯者: Helen Chang
00:12
Back home, my friends call me nicknames,
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在老家,我的朋友給我取暱稱,
00:15
such as "The Giant Clam Girl,"
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比如「巨蚌女孩」、
00:18
"Clam Queen,"
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「蚌蛤女王」、
00:19
or, "The Mother of Clams."
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或是「蚌蛤之母。」
00:21
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:22
This is because every time I see them,
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這是因為每當我見到他們,
00:25
I talk nonstop about giant clams all day,
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就會整天不停地談論著巨蚌,
00:28
every day.
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每天都如此。
00:30
Giant clams are these massive
and colorful shelled marine animals,
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巨蚌是這種又大又重
且色彩鮮艷的有殼海洋動物,
00:34
the largest of its kind.
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是同類中最大的。
00:36
Just look at this shell.
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看看這個殼。
00:40
The biggest recorded individual
was four-and-a-half-feet long
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記錄中最大的巨蚌,
有 4.5 英呎長,
00:43
and weighed about 550 pounds.
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重量約 550 磅。
00:45
That is almost as heavy
as three baby elephants.
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那幾乎是三隻幼象加起來的重量。
00:50
South Pacific legends once described
giant clams as man-eaters
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南太平洋傳奇中說到巨蚌會吃人,
00:54
that would lie in wait on the seabed
to trap unsuspecting divers.
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牠們躺在海底等待,
捕捉那些沒起疑的潛水夫。
00:59
A story goes that a diver
had lost his legs
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有個故事說,一位潛水夫失去了雙腳,
01:02
while trying to retrieve a pearl
from a giant clam.
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當時他正試圖從巨蚌中取得珍珠。
01:05
I thought, "Really?"
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我心想:「真的嗎?」
01:08
So out of curiosity,
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出於好奇心,
01:09
I did an experiment using myself as bait.
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我做了個實驗,用我自己當餌。
01:13
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:14
I carefully placed my hand
into the clam's mouth and waited.
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我小心地把我的手放到
蚌蛤的口中,等待著。
01:19
Hmm ...
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嗯……
01:20
I still have my hand.
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我的手還在。
01:22
It seems that these gentle giants
would rather retreat
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似乎這些溫和的巨大生物寧可退開,
01:25
and protect their fleshy bodies
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保護牠們的肉體,
01:27
than feed on me.
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而非把我當食物。
01:28
So much for those killer clam myths!
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蚌蛤殺手的神話就到此為止。
01:31
Unfortunately, the reality is,
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不幸的是,
事實上我們是巨蚌最大的威脅。
01:34
we are the giant clams' biggest threat.
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01:37
Considered a delicacy throughout
the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans,
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從西太平洋一路到印度洋,
牠們慣例被當成是佳餚,
01:42
giant clams have been traditionally
fished as seafood.
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被捕捉之後,做成海鮮料理。
01:45
Fishermen are particularly interested
in their adductor muscles,
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漁夫特別感興趣的是牠們的閉殼肌,
01:49
which are organs that hold
the two shells together like a hinge.
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也就是把兩片殼
連起來的鉸鏈式器官。
01:53
Just for their muscles,
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只因為牠們的肌肉,
01:54
giant clams were almost
hunted to extinction
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在 1960 到 1980 代間,
01:57
between the 1960s and 1980s.
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巨蚌幾乎被捕殺到絕種。
02:01
Clamshells are also popular
in the ornamental trade
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在飾品貿易上,蚌殼也很搶手,
02:04
as jewelry and for display.
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被當作珠寶,用來展示。
02:07
In the South China Sea,
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在南海,
02:08
fishermen went out of their way
to collect fossilized clamshells
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漁夫會特地去收集變成化石的蚌殼,
02:12
by digging through large areas
of coral reefs.
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他們會挖遍珊瑚礁來尋找。
02:15
These were later carved and sold
as so-called "ivory handicrafts" in China.
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這些是在中國被雕刻再販售的
所謂「象牙手工藝品」。
02:21
Giant clams, dead or alive,
are not safe from us.
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巨蚌,不論死活,
都逃不過我們的手掌心。
02:25
It's a "clamity!"
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這是「蚌災」!
(註:從災難 Calamity 改來)
02:27
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:32
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
02:37
With the spotlight on more
charismatic marine animals
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有魅力的海洋動物
比較會得到注意力,
02:41
such as the whales and coral reefs,
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比如鯨魚和珊瑚礁,
02:43
it is easy to forget that other
marine life needs our help, too.
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很容易就會忘記其他海洋生命
也需要我們的協助。
02:47
My fascination with giant clams
got me started on conservation research
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我對巨蚌的著迷,
讓我開始進行保育研究,
02:52
to fill in the knowledge gaps
on their ecology and behavior.
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補起關於牠們的生態
與行為的知識缺口。
02:56
One of the discoveries that we made
was that giant clams could walk
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我們的發現之一是巨蚌
02:59
across the seafloor.
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會在海底行走。
03:02
Yes, you heard me right:
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是的,你們沒聽錯:
03:03
they can walk.
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牠們會行走。
03:05
To find out,
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為了求證,
03:06
we placed numerous baby clams on a grid.
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我們把數隻幼蚌放在格子上。
03:08
Now watch what happens over 24 hours.
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看看二十四小時後發生了什麼事。
03:16
We think that walking is important
for getting away from predators
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我們認為行走的重要性
是為了遠離獵食者,
以及找尋交配對象,
03:20
and finding mates for breeding.
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03:22
While it can hard to imagine
any movement in these enormous animals,
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雖然很難想像
這些巨大的動物會移動,
03:26
giant clams up to 400 pounds
can still walk,
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重達 400 磅的巨蚌仍可以行走,
03:30
they just move slower.
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只是移動得比較慢些。
03:33
During my PhD, I discovered
more secrets about the giant clams.
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在我讀博士班時,我發現了
更多關於巨蚌的秘密。
03:37
But there was something
missing in my work.
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但,我的研究中少了什麼。
03:41
I found myself asking,
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我發現自己納悶:
03:43
"Why should people care
about conserving giant clams?" --
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「為什麼人們要在乎巨蚌的保育?」
03:47
other than myself, of course.
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當然,是指我以外的人。
03:50
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:55
It turns out that giant clams
have a giant impact on coral reefs.
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結果發現,巨蚌對於
珊瑚礁的影響很巨大。
04:00
These multitasking clams
are reef builders,
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這些蚌蛤是多工的,
牠們是珊瑚礁建造者、
04:03
food factories,
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食物工廠、
04:05
shelters for shrimps and crabs
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蝦子和螃蟹的庇護所、
04:07
and water filters,
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以及濾水器,
04:09
all rolled into one.
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多種功能合一。
04:10
In a nutshell,
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概括來說,
04:12
giant clams play a major contributing role
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巨蚌對牠們自己住的珊瑚礁
扮演著重要貢獻的角色,
04:14
as residents of their own reef home,
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04:17
and just having them around
keeps the reef healthy.
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光是有牠們在那裡,
就能保持珊瑚礁健康。
04:21
And because they can live
up to 100 years old,
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因為巨蚌能活到一百歲,
04:24
giant clams make vital indicators
of coral reef health.
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牠們是珊瑚礁的重要健康指標。
04:28
So when giant clams
start to disappear from coral reefs,
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當珊瑚礁中的巨蚌開始消失,
04:31
their absence can serve as an alarm bell
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牠們的失蹤可被當作是警鈴,
04:33
for scientists to start paying attention,
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要科學家開始多留意,
04:36
similar to the canary in a coal mine.
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類似煤礦中的金絲雀。
04:38
But giant clams are endangered.
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但巨蚌已瀕臨絕種。
04:41
The largest clam in the world
is facing the threat of extinction,
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世界上最大的蚌蛤
正在面臨絕種的威脅,
04:45
with more than 50 percent
of the wild population severely depleted.
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野生巨蚌族群有
超過 50% 在嚴重減少中。
04:50
And the ecological benefits
of having giant clams on coral reefs
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只有在這個族群
能保持健康的情況下,
04:54
are likely to continue
only if populations are healthy,
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巨蚌在珊瑚礁中產生的
生態益處才可能持續,
04:58
making their conservation paramount.
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因此牠們的保育非常重要。
05:01
So I stand here today to give a voice
to the giant clams,
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所以今天我在這裡,為巨蚌發聲,
05:05
because I care a whole lot
for these amazing animals,
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因為我非常關心
這些不可思議的動物,
05:08
and they deserve to be cared for.
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牠們應該要被好好照顧。
05:11
It is time for the giant clams
to step out of their shells,
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該是巨蚌走出蚌殼的時候了,
05:15
and show the world that they, too,
can be the heroes of the oceans.
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讓世界知道,牠們也可以
扮演海洋的英雄。
05:19
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝。
05:20
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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