The cost of workplace stress -- and how to reduce it | Rob Cooke

譯者: Cheuk Ying Lai 審譯者: Winnie Tung

Stress -- we all know what it is and we all handle it differently.

壓力──我們都不陌生， 都有各自的處理方式。

Whether it's our thoughts speeding up or slowing down,

無論是思緒在我們腦海中 翻騰不已或是遲緩不靈，

eating our emotions or not at all,

蠶食情緒或是無視情緒，

difficulty sleeping or just getting out of bed.

難以入睡或是不願起床。

Frankly, it sucks.

說真的，糟透了。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But there's good stress too, you know,

但壓力也有正面的，知道嗎，

like preparing for the biggest public speaking event you've ever given.

例如為你所參與的 規模最大的公開演講作準備。

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

(Applause)

（掌聲）

On a global platform.

還是在全球性的平台上。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

No, even the good stress can mess with you,

不，即便是正面的壓力 也可以煩擾著你，

but it's the bad stress that I came to talk about.

但我要跟大家談的是負面壓力。

And probably not for the reason you'd expect.

而且可能還不是你們預料的原因。

我是一名客戶經理，為富裕人士工作。

I'm a relationship manager for affluent individuals.

Meaning, I work with wealthy folks and their families, hip to hip,

意味著我和有錢人以及他們的家人， 緊密地一起工作，

helping them achieve their financial goals.

協助他們實現財務目標。

I like to keep the economy in mind, because I know

我經常關注著經濟情況，因為我知道

經濟如果受到影響， 我的客戶也會受到影響，

that whatever impacts the economy, impacts my clients,

and it turns out stress is impacting the economy in a massive way.

其實，經濟受壓力巨大的影響。

What if I told you that by some estimates,

你知道嗎？根據一些估算，

the cost of work-related stress in the US is close to 300 billion dollars annually?

在美國，與工作相關的壓力成本 每年接近 3000 億美元。

Workplace stress, the stress causing this massive impact,

工作壓力，造成這種巨大影響的壓力，

is related to productivity and wellness.

與生產力和福祉狀況有關。

Today, that's what we're here to talk about.

這正是我們今天所討論的內容。

And by the way, it's linked to employee disengagement,

順帶一提，這還涉及到員工離職，

chronic diseases that impact your work

涉及到影響工作的慢性疾病

and work-related injuries and illnesses.

以及工作相關的傷害和疾病。

And when you add up the cost of all five factors,

當你將這五個因素的成本加起來時，

it's an estimated 2.2 trillion dollars annually.

估計每年達 2.2 兆美元。

That represents 12 percent of our GDP.

是我國內生產毛額的 12%。

Now I know what you're thinking, "That is a lot of money, and how?"

我知道你在想什麼， 「為什麼會那麼多錢？」

Stress is this deeply personal thing,

壓力是一件很個人的事，

it's crazy to think it can have such a massive impact.

想到它會產生如此 巨大的影響就令人覺得瘋狂。

But consider this thought experiment to explain how.

但試著用這個思想實驗解釋原委。

Imagine a single mother working a stressful job,

想像一名單親媽媽， 有一份壓力很大的工作，

in a stress-filled environment,

工作環境充斥著壓力，

where she sits 90 percent of the time.

她九成的工作時間都要坐著。

Maybe she doesn't have time to cook,

可能她沒有時間做飯，

so she chooses meals based off of convenience,

所以她選擇便利的食品，

which usually means what?

這通常意味著什麼？

Overly processed, high-sugar foods.

過度加工的高糖食品。

Over time, this poor diet, mixed with stress from work,

超時工作、不良飲食， 加上工作壓力，

leads to a chronic disease.

引致慢性疾病。

Let's call it diabetes.

我們稱之為糖尿病。

Medical care cost her and the company more money,

醫療服務花費了她 和公司更多的錢，

which means more stress.

這意味著更多的壓力。

Now, she's worried about her health and making ends meet,

現在，她擔心自己的 健康狀況和收支平衡，

so she's probably distracted and less productive.

所以她可能會分心， 生產力下降。

But she can't be, remember?

但是她不可以，記得嗎？

She's a single mother.

她是一個單親媽媽。

Now she's thinking,

現在她在想，

"What if something happens to me?

「萬一有什麼事發生在我身上，

Who is going to take care of my child?

誰來照顧我的孩子？

Who is going to take care of my baby?"

誰來照顧我的寶寶？」

More stress.

壓力更大了。

Now take that scenario, tweak it whichever way you'd like,

現在隨意調整這個情景，

and lay it over the nation,

並延伸至全國，

and you might start to see

你可以開始理解

how we run up against that multitrillion dollar cost.

這數兆美元的成本是怎麼來的。

This all hits very close to home for me.

這一切對我來說都觸及痛處。

My father's one of the hardest-working and most intelligent people that I know.

我父親是我認識的最勤力， 最聰穎的人之一。

Don't get me wrong, mom worked and provided too,

別誤會，我母親 也工作和貢獻了很多，

but he definitely embraced the role of being the primary breadwinner.

但他絕對擔任了 主要養家糊口的角色。

And I'm sure most of us can understand the stress and pressure

我相信我們大多數人都能理解

that comes with taking care of our families.

壓力來自照顧家人。

But when you combine that with workplace stress,

但當你將其與工作壓力 結合在一起時，

你知道會發生什麼事嗎？

do you know what could happen?

Developing irreversible high blood pressure,

造成了永久性的高血壓，

eventually losing function of your kidneys

最終失去了腎功能

and spending a decade on dialysis -- his fate.

並花十年時間接受血液透析治療， 這是我父親的命運。

Now I'm happy to report that he did get a kidney transplant

現在我很高興告訴你們 他做了腎臟移植，

just last year.

這才去年的事。

However --

但是，

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲和歡呼聲）

However, for nearly a decade,

但是，近十年來，

neither the economy nor my family got the benefit from his work ethic

無論是經濟還是我的家人 都沒有從他的職業道德

或智慧中受益，

or his intelligence,

而他也會說，

and as he would say,

that's just really sad commentary.

這真是很可悲。

All I'm saying is,

我要說的是，

I think stress impacts the economy by reducing productivity

我認為壓力影響經濟， 是透過降低生產率

and increasing health care costs.

和增加醫療成本造成的。

Makes sense?

有道理嗎？

Right?

對嗎？

But here's what doesn't.

但沒道理的是，

Current research from the World Health Organization

目前世界衛生組織的研究顯示

puts global spending on health at 7.8 trillion dollars.

全球衛生支達到 7.8 兆美元。

Research from the Global Wellness Institute

全球健康研究所的調查

suggests that the 4.5-trillion-dollar global wellness industry

表明價值 4.5 兆美元的 全球健康產業

grew from 3.7 to 4.2 trillion between 2015 and 2017,

在 2015 年至 2017 年間 從 3.7 兆增長至 4.2 兆美元，

and sees that growth into 2022.

並有望增長至 2022 年。

So what, why do you care?

那又如何，我們為什麼要關心？

Because that growth is nearly twice as fast as the global economy,

因為這增長速度幾乎 是全球經濟的兩倍，

averaging about 3.3 percent in the same period.

同期平均約長 3.3％。

So what does all that mean?

那又是什麼意思？

Every year, we're spending more per year on health,

每年，我們在健康方面的 年均花費更多，

and the industries all about developing overall well-being

所有光是在發展整體福祉

and living a healthier lifestyle

以及健康生活方式的產業，

are growing almost twice as fast as the global economy,

增長速度幾乎是全球經濟的兩倍，

and yet, we're losing trillions of dollars per year in output.

然而，我們每年仍損失了 數兆美元的產量。

So what's up?

這又是什麼一回事？

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Well, stress levels are up,

壓力升級了，

and I believe that needs to change.

我認為這需要改變。

I also believe the way we think about stress needs to change.

我也相信我們對壓力的 思考方式也需要改變。

So let's try by reframing how we view it.

讓我們嘗試重新定義我們的看法。

See, we tend to think about stress as a consequence,

我們經常誤認壓力為結果，

but I see it as a culture.

但我認為那是一種文化。

Where do most of us spend our time?

我們大多數人在哪裡度過時間？

At work, right?

在工作之中，對嗎？

Where we face that scale of finding that work-life balance.

我們面臨著要找到 工作與生活的平衡。

So the bonds between work, stress, health and wellness

因此，工作、壓力、 健康和福祉之間的關係

have never been closer.

從未如此緊密。

And yet, there's a massive disconnect

但我們在職場上應對工作壓力

in how we approach stress and well-being in the workplace.

和福祉的方式存在很大的脫節。

And we could blame many things, right?

我們可以責怪很多事情，對吧？

New tech,

新科技，

laser focus on shareholder returns,

過度專注於股東回報，

or my favorite, keeping up with the Joneses

還有我最喜歡的， 顧著與朋友比排場，

and taking pictures while we try.

炫富時還要拍照。

But at the end of the day,

但是最終，

I'm afraid that we've created a culture

恐怕我們已經創造了一種文化，

where personal care and overall well-being are given the back seat.

那就是將個人健康和整體福祉 置於次要地位。

So how do we move forward?

那麼我們如何前進呢？

I believe the answer lies in three fundamental pillars.

我相信答案建立於三大基本基礎上。

And if you find yourselves thinking,

如果你正在對自己想，

"Rob, I've heard this before, tell me something I don't know,"

「這些我以前都聽過， 說一些我不知道的東西吧！」

ask yourself,

問問你自己，

if we already know what to do,

如果我們已經知道該怎麼辦，

then what have we been doing?

那我們以前都做了些什麼？

First, corporations.

首先，公司方面。

Specifically, how a corporation's culture and communication style

具體而言，公司的文化和溝通方式

play a pivotal role in the stress and well-being of a workplace.

如何在工作壓力和福祉中 發揮關鍵作用。

The DNA of a company is its culture, right?

文化是公司的基因，對嗎？

It sets the tone,

它定下了基調，

even goes as far as defining the company.

甚至定義了公司。

But I think companies should invest

但是我認為公司應該

in the overall mental, physical and emotional well-being

投資在員工的精神、身體、情感上，---

of their employees

the way they invest in innovation, R and D, right?

就像他們做新創投資、 研究開發，對吧？

And do I think that this would increase productivity and reduce stress?

你問我是否認為這會 提高生產率並減輕壓力？

I really do.

我確信如此。

But for it to really stick,

但是，要想真正貫徹這一點，

a company has to figure out a way

公司必須想出一種

to measure the overall well-being of its employees

能夠精確的測量福祉度的方式，

with the same accuracy and precision that they project growth and earnings.

而且採取的方式要跟他們 計算成長和收入一樣精準。

And if this sounds like a tall order, ask yourself

如果這聽起來像艱鉅的任務， 請問問自己，

what really is a company's most competitive advantage.

什麼才是公司最大的競爭優勢。

Its people.

它的員工。

We know this.

我們都知道這點。

And just like anything in a company, it has to start at the top.

就像公司中的任何事物一樣， 必須從頂層開始。

So if you're a leader,

如果您是領導者，

openly showing how you care for your mental health

公開展示您如何照顧 自己的心理健康

and overall well-being

以及整體健康

is a huge catalyst.

是一個巨大的催化劑。

It's no secret I'm a soccer fan,

眾所周知我是個足球迷，

so growing up, I had a couple of coaches.

我成長時，遇到過幾個教練。

And I always had one who would lead the heavy cardio workouts.

總有個教練會領著我們做有氧運動。

He would not stand on the side and spectate.

他不會站在一邊旁觀。

He would participate.

他會以身作則。

And that did three things.

這會有三個效果：

It made it difficult for me to complain.

令我很難去抱怨；

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I always made sure to keep up,

令我確保自己跟上進度；

and I always felt more dialed in to the exercise.

以及總令我更投入練習。

It's the same idea.

這是同樣的道理。

And finally, communication.

最後一點，溝通。

In order for me to really help my clients achieve their financial goals,

為確保能幫助客戶實現財務目標，

requires that I actively listen and then respond.

我需要積極傾聽然後做出回應。

Let your employees tell you what stresses them out.

讓你的員工告訴你， 什麼讓他們感到壓力。

Let them tell you what wellness benefits they need.

讓他們告訴你 他們需要什麼福祉。

And then act.

然後作出回應的行動。

And acting on what they tell you

按照他們告訴你的話去採取行動，

will show how serious you take that feedback,

這會表明你對回饋的重視程度，

and I can't help but feel the company will win in the long run.

我相信長遠而言，公司將會獲益。

為什麼？

Why?

因為身心健康的員工 將提高生產力，減少壓力。

Because properly equipped employees will be more productive and less stressed.

Next, I'd like to ask help from everyone's favorite uncle.

接下來，我想請國家幫忙。

That's right, the government has to play a role in this.

沒錯，政府必須在其中發揮作用。

The World Economic Forum and the Harvard School of Public Health

世界經濟論壇 和哈佛大學公共衛生學院

estimate that from 2011 to 2030,

估計從 2011 年到 2030 年，

major chronic diseases and mental illnesses

重大慢性疾病和精神病

will cost the global economy 47 trillion dollars.

會使全球經濟蒙受 47 兆美元損失。

And it's 2020.

現在是 2020 年。

Now I'm not saying stress causes all major chronic diseases,

我不是說壓力導致 所有主要的慢性疾病，

or all mental illnesses,

或所有精神病，

but even if a portion of it is,

但即使只有一部分是壓力所致，

imagine how much lower that number could be

想像一下，這個數字會降低多少，

if the government did what it does best --

如果政府盡其所能

serve as the enforcer.

充當一個盡職者。

But in this case, for higher workplace standards.

但是在這種情況下， 是為了提高工作環境的標準。

I don't know, maybe even corporate tax-incentive programs

說不定，也許公司稅收激勵計劃

to help raise those standards,

都可以幫助提高這些標準，

but the best wellness corporate policies and initiatives

但是最佳的公司福祉政策和計劃

backed by a forward-thinking government

即使由具有前瞻性的政府支持，

won't matter much without help from the most crucial pillar.

也不會有多大作用， 因為沒有最關鍵的支柱幫助。

You.

你。

That's right, stress and managing it is so dynamic,

沒錯，壓力和管理涉及的非常廣泛，

you have to play your part.

你必須發揮自己的作用。

And it's going to benefit you and the economy.

最終你和整體經濟會受益。

Look folks, I'm not a psychologist, OK?

我不是心理學家，好嗎？

But I have taken steps to develop my own mental health

但我已採取行動 去發展自己的心理健康

and overall well-being,

和整體健康狀況，

so here's my last two cents.

這是我的淺見。

I think a crucial first step is for everyone

我認為關鍵的第一步是每個人

is to be honest with themselves.

是對自己誠實。

About what?

關於那方面？

About putting your mental, physical and emotional well-being

承認將自己的心理、 身體和情感健康狀況

in the rear view

放在次要

and the damage it has caused.

以及所造成的損害。

Honest about placing public opinion above self-preservation.

誠實面對自己 將輿論置於自我保護之上。

Think social media.

想想社交媒體。

Honest about how we define ourselves and what actually does.

誠實的交代什麼定義自己。

Sure, your career contributes to a portion of who you are.

當然，你的職業 是構成你的身分的一部分。

But are we allowing it to define us just a little too much?

但是，我們是否允許 它定義我們太多呢？

And ask,

然後去問問，

"Is this bringing me the value I saw with what it costs me?"

「這是否和付出代價相等？」

And I don't just mean the dollars.

我不單指在金錢上。

For me, being honest meant to get a good, hard look at my relationship

對我來說，誠實意味著認真地看待我

with my thoughts, courage and failure.

與自己的想法、勇氣和失敗的關係。

Started years ago in this tournament championship game,

我幾年前開始參加這項錦標賽，

coach comes to me and says, "Rob Cooke,

教練來告訴我

「你要加油，今天我們不能輸。」

you step up, we can't lose today."

So I stepped up.

我盡了力。

Failed.

失敗了。

We lost.

輸了。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Thanks for laughing.

謝謝你們的笑聲。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Feels good.

令我自我感覺良好。

No, but ...

不，但是……

You know, after that, it stayed with me for a while,

在那之後，它纏繞著我一段時間，

to the point where any opportunity to step up,

直到有任何機會要站出來、

grow, develop,

成長、發展，

I'd quietly bow my head,

我都會低下頭，

step back.

退後一步。

And then I discovered mindfulness.

然後我發現了正念。

And I continued to develop it in my daily life to this day.

直到今天，我一直在繼續練習。

To live in the present, the now.

去活在當下。

Now I get it, mindfulness may not be for everyone,

現在我明白了， 正念不一定適合所有人，

but when I think of some of the most successful and impactful people,

但每當我想到一些成功 和有影響力的人時，

我看到了一個共同點。

I see a common trend.

掌控他們的心理狀況。

Mastery of their mental game.

Which includes stress management.

其中包括壓力管理。

It's all about developing awareness,

這一切都是為了培養你 去認識、認可和接受

acknowledgment and acceptance

of your current thoughts, emotions, environment and physical state.

自己當前思想、情感、 環境和身體的狀態。

Right?

好嗎？

Now I didn't say never facing stress.

我沒有說永遠不去面對壓力。

But the management of that stress --

但是這種壓力管理

that's the benefit, again, for you and the economy.

就會對於你和經濟帶來好處。

I'll leave you with this thought.

我讓你細味這點。

We all know that retirement is all about saving more now

我們都知道， 退休就是現在存多一點，

for later.

留待日後之用。

What if we treated our mental health and overall well-being

如果我們以同樣的方式對待

in the same capacity?

我們的心理健康和整體福祉會如何？

Develop and save more of you now

發展並保存更多此時的自己

for later in life.

以供日後生活之用。

Doing nothing means more cost,

不做意味著更高的成本，

and worse, less time.

更糟糕的是，更少的時間。

And of the two,

兩者之中，

which can't you get back?

你不能失去哪樣？

So let's start moving this culture of stress forward,

因此，讓我們開始 改變這種壓力文化，

and start living happier, healthier

並開始過更快樂、更健康、

and hopefully, more productive lives.

更有效率的生活。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）