What your smart devices know (and share) about you | Kashmir Hill and Surya Mattu

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Yanyan Hong

Kashmir Hill: So for my birthday last year,

卡許米爾希爾：我去年生日時，

my husband got me an Amazon Echo.

我先生送了我一台 Amazon Echo（智能居家助理）。

I was kind of shocked, actually,

我其實還挺震驚的，

because we both work in privacy and security.

因為我們兩個人做事 都很重視隱私。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And this was a device that would sit in the middle of our home

這個裝置會坐在我們家的中央，

with a microphone on,

打開麥克風，

constantly listening.

不斷傾聽著。

We're not alone, though.

不過，我們並不孤單。

According to a survey by NPR and Edison Research,

根據全國公共廣播電台 和愛迪生研究公司的調查，

one in six American adults now has a smart speaker,

現今的美國成人中，每六人 就有一人擁有智慧喇叭，

which means that they have a virtual assistant at home.

也就是說，他們家中 有一個虛擬助理。

Like, that's wild.

那好瘋狂啊。

The future, or the future dystopia, is getting here fast.

未來或是未來的反烏托邦來得好快。

Beyond that, companies are offering us all kinds of internet-connected devices.

在那之外，公司也提供我們 各式各樣和網路連結的裝置。

There are smart lights, smart locks, smart toilets, smart toys,

有智慧燈、智慧鎖、 智慧廁所、智慧玩具、

smart sex toys.

智慧性玩具。

Being smart means the device can connect to the internet,

當一個裝置有智慧， 就表示它能連上網路，

it can gather data,

它能收集資料，

and it can talk to its owner.

且它能和它的擁有者交談。

But once your appliances can talk to you,

但一旦你的器具能和你交談，

who else are they going to be talking to?

它們還會跟其他哪些人交談？

I wanted to find out,

我想要知道答案，

so I went all-in and turned my one-bedroom apartment in San Francisco

所以我投入一切， 把我在舊金山只有一間臥房的公寓

into a smart home.

變成一個智慧家庭。

I even connected our bed to the internet.

我甚至把我們的床連上網路。

As far as I know, it was just measuring our sleeping habits.

就我所知，它只是在 測量我們的睡眠習慣。

I can now tell you that the only thing worse

我現在可以告訴各位，只有一件事

than getting a terrible night's sleep

比晚上沒睡好更糟，

is to have your smart bed tell you the next day

那就是：隔天你的智慧床告訴你

that you "missed your goal and got a low sleep score."

你「沒達成你的目標， 取得很低的睡眠分數。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

It's like, "Thanks, smart bed.

我想說：「謝了，智慧床。

As if I didn't already feel like shit today."

你是覺得我今天的感覺 還不夠鳥嗎？」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

All together, I installed 18 internet-connected devices in my home.

我總共在我家中安裝了 18 項和網路連結的裝置。

I also installed a Surya.

我甚至安裝了一個蘇瑞雅。

Surya Mattu: Hi, I'm Surya.

蘇瑞雅馬圖：嗨， 我是蘇瑞雅。（笑聲）

(Laughter)

I monitored everything the smart home did.

我負責監控智慧家庭 所做的每一件事。

I built a special router that let me look at all the network activity.

我建造了一個特殊的路由器 讓我可以看到所有的網路活動。

You can think of my router sort of like a security guard,

你們可以把我的路由器 想像成是安全警衛，

compulsively logging all the network packets

強制性地在任何 網路封包進入和離開

as they entered and left the smart home.

智慧家庭時，將它們記錄下來。

KH: Surya and I are both journalists, he's not my husband,

卡：蘇瑞雅和我都是記者， 他不是我老公，

we just work together at Gizmodo.

我們只是在 Gizmodo 工作的同事。

SM: Thank you for clarifying.

蘇：謝謝你的澄清。

The devices Kashmir bought --

卡許米爾買的裝置——

we were interested in understanding

我們有興趣想要了解

what they were saying to their manufacturers.

它們會對它們的製造商說些什麼。

But we were also interested in understanding

但我們亦有興趣想要了解

what the home's digital emissions look like

在網路服務提供者（ISP）的眼中，

to the internet service provider.

家庭的數位排放 看起來是什麼樣子。

We were seeing what the ISP could see, but more importantly,

我們能看見 ISP 能看見的， 但，更重要的，

what they could sell.

是看見它們能銷售的。

KH: We ran the experiment for two months.

卡：我們的實驗進行了兩個月。

In that two months,

在那兩個月中，

there wasn't a single hour of digital silence in the house --

家中完全沒有 一小時的數位寧靜——

not even when we went away for a week.

即使我們離家一週也一樣。

SM: Yeah, it's so true.

蘇：這是真的。

Based on the data, I knew when you guys woke up and went to bed.

根據資料，我知道你們 何時起床、何時就寢。

I even knew when Kashmir brushed her teeth.

我甚至知道卡許米爾何時刷牙。

I'm not going to out your brushing habits,

我不會揭露你的刷牙習慣，

but let's just say it was very clear to me when you were working from home.

但，姑且就說，我能非常清楚 知道你何時在家工作。

KH: Uh, I think you just outed them to, like, a lot of people here.

卡：呃，我想你剛已經 對這裡的很多人揭露了。

SM: Don't be embarrassed, it's just metadata.

蘇：別覺得尷尬， 那只是詮釋資料。

I knew when you turned on your TV and how long you watched it for.

我知道你何時打開電視， 也知道你看了多久。

Fun fact about the Hill household:

關於希爾家的一項趣聞：

they don't watch a lot of television,

他們很少看電視，

but when they do, it's usually in binge mode.

但當他們看電視時， 通常都是沉迷模式。

Favorite shows include "Difficult People" and "Party Down."

最喜歡的節目包括 《難處之人》和《狂歡派對》。

KH: OK, you're right, I loved "Party Down."

卡：你說的沒錯， 我很愛《狂歡派對》。

It's a great show, and you should definitely watch it.

這個節目很棒，你一定要看看。

But "Difficult People" was all my husband, Trevor.

但《難處之人》 是我老公崔佛愛看的。

And Trevor was actually a little upset that you knew about his binges,

且崔佛其實有點不高興 你知道他在迷什麼，

because even though he'd been the one to connect the TV to the router,

因為雖然他是 把電視連上路由器的人，

he forgot that the TV was watching us.

但他忘了電視也在看我們。

It's actually not the first time that our TV has spied on us.

其實，這並不是我們的電視 第一次監視我們了。

The company that made it, VIZIO,

電視的製造商 VIZIO

paid a 2.2 million-dollar settlement to the government just last year,

光是去年就付給政府 220 萬美元的和解費，

because it had been collecting second-by-second information

因為它一直在收集 每一秒鐘的資訊，

about what millions of people were watching on TV, including us,

關於數百萬人，包括我們， 在看什麼節目的資訊，

and then it was selling that information to data brokers and advertisers.

接著該公司會把那些資訊 賣給資料仲介和廣告商。

SM: Ah, classic surveillance economy move.

蘇：啊，很典型的監視經濟對策。

The devices Kashmir bought almost all pinged their servers daily.

卡許米爾買的裝置幾乎都會 每天 ping 它們的伺服器。

But do you know which device was especially chatty?

但你們知道哪個裝置 特別「長舌」嗎？

The Amazon Echo.

Amazon Echo。

It contacted its servers every three minutes,

它每三分鐘就和伺服器連線一次，

regardless of whether you were using it or not.

不論你有沒有在用它都一樣。

KH: In general, it was disconcerting

卡：一般來說，這挺讓人不安的，

that all these devices were having ongoing conversations

所有這些裝置都在進行交談，

that were invisible to me.

我卻看不見。

I mean, I would have had no idea, without your router.

如果沒有你的路由器， 我根本不會知道。

If you buy a smart device, you should probably know --

如果你要買一台智慧裝置， 你應該要知道——

you're going to own the device,

你的確會擁有那台裝置，

but in general, the company is going to own your data.

但一般來說，那間公司 會擁有你的資料。

And you know, I mean, maybe that's to be expected --

也許，這是意料之中的——

you buy an internet-connected device, it's going to use the internet.

你買了和網路連結的裝置， 它勢必會去用網路。

But it's strange to have these devices

但感覺還是很奇怪，

moving into the intimate space that is the home

這些裝置進入了 像家這樣的親密空間，

and allowing companies to track our really basic behavior there.

並讓公司能追蹤我們 在家中的基本行為。

SM: So true.

蘇：真的。

Even the most banal-seeming data can be mined by the surveillance economy.

監視經濟甚至可以在看似最平凡 乏味的資料當中挖出有用資訊。

For example, who cares how often you brush your teeth?

比如，誰在乎你多常刷牙啊？

Well, as it turns out, there's a dental insurance company called Beam.

嗯，結果發現，有間牙齒 保險公司叫做 Beam。

They've been monitoring their customers' smart toothbrushes since 2015 --

從 2015 年起，他們就一直 在監看客戶的智慧牙刷——

for discounts on their premiums, of course.

當然，是為了優惠折扣用途。

KH: We know what some of you are thinking:

卡：我們知道有些人會怎麼想：

this is the contract of the modern world.

這就是現代世界的契約。

You give up a little privacy,

你放棄一點點隱私，

and you get some convenience or some price breaks in return.

相對的，你也會得到 一些便利性或是優惠價。

But that wasn't my experience in my smart home.

但我在我的智慧家庭中的 經歷並非如此。

It wasn't convenient, it was infuriating.

它並不便利，它很讓人生氣。

I'll admit, I love my smart vacuum,

我承認，我愛我的智慧吸塵器，

but many other things in the house drove me insane:

但家中的許多其他東西 實在讓我抓狂：

we ran out of electrical outlets,

我們沒有足夠的插座可用了，

and I had to download over a dozen apps to my phone

我的手機得要下載 十多個應用程式，

to control everything.

才能控制所有東西。

And then every device had its own log-in,

每個裝置又有它自己的登入方式，

my toothbrush had a password ...

我的牙刷還有個密碼……

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And smart coffee, especially, was just a world of hell.

特別是智慧咖啡機，那真是地獄啊。

SM: Wait, really? Cloud-powered coffee wasn't really working for you?

蘇：等等，真的？ 你不喜歡雲端運算的咖啡機？

KH: I mean, maybe I'm naive, but I thought it was going to be great.

卡：也許我太天真了， 但我以為它會很棒。

I thought we'd just wake up in the morning and we'd say, "Alexa, make us coffee."

我以為就是我們早上起床，說： 「艾列克莎，為我們泡咖啡。」

But that's not how it went down.

但結果並不是這樣的。

We had to use this really particular, brand-specific phrase to make it work.

我們得依它特定的用詞， 說出明確的品牌，才會有用。

It was, "Alexa, ask the Behmor to run quick start."

比如：「艾列克莎， 叫 Behmor 咖啡機進行快速啟動。」

And this was just, like, really hard to remember

這實在好難記住啊，

first thing in the morning,

且是一大早還沒有

before you have had your caffeine.

取得咖啡因之前呢。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And apparently, it was hard to say,

很顯然，那真的很難說，

because the Echo Dot that was right next to our bed

因為 Echo Dot 就在我們的床邊，

just couldn't understand us.

而它完全無法理解我們。

So we would basically start every day by screaming this phrase at the Echo Dot.

基本上，我們開始每一天的方式 就是對 Echo Dot 大吼這個句子。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And Trevor hated this.

崔佛很討厭這一點。

He'd be like, "Please, Kashmir,

他會說：「拜託，卡許米爾，

just let me go to the kitchen and push the button to make the coffee run."

就讓我走到廚房去， 按下咖啡機的啟動按鈕吧。」

And I'd be like, "No, you can't!

我就會說：「不，你不能！

We have to do it the smart way!"

我們得用智慧的方式 來做這件事！」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I'm happy to report that our marriage survived the experiment,

我很高興告訴大家， 我們的婚姻撐過了這次實驗，

but just barely.

但真的很勉強。

SM: If you decide to make your home smart,

蘇：若你打算要弄個智慧家庭，

hopefully, you’ll find it less infuriating than Kashmir did.

希望你最後不會 像卡許米爾這麼火大。

But regardless, the smart things you buy

但，無論如何，你所買的智慧物品

can and probably are used to target and profile you.

能夠且可能會被用來 針對你收集資料做側寫。

Just the number of devices you have can be used to predict

光是你用的裝置數目， 就可以用來預測

how rich or poor you are.

你有多富有或貧窮。

Facebook's made this tech, and they've also patented it.

臉書已經發明了這項技術， 還取得了專利。

KH: All the anxiety you currently feel every time you go online,

卡：現在你每次上網時， 很怕會被追蹤的

about being tracked,

那種焦慮感，

is about to move into your living room.

即將要搬進你的客廳，

Or into your bedroom.

或你的臥房。

There's this sex toy called the We-Vibe.

有一種性玩具叫做 We-Vibe。

You might wonder why a sex toy connects to the internet,

你可能會納悶，為什麼 性玩具要連上網路？

but it's for two people who are in a long-distance relationship,

但它其實是給異地戀的兩人使用的，

so they can share their love from afar.

讓他們可以在遠處分享他們的愛。

Some hackers took a close look at this toy

有些駭客仔細研究了這種玩具，

and saw it was sending a lot of information

發現它會發送出很多資訊，

back to the company that made it --

送回製造它的公司——

when it was used, how long it was used for,

這些資訊包括： 何時使用它、用了多久、

what the vibration settings were, how hot the toy got.

振動的設定為何、玩具變得多熱。

It was all going into a database.

這些資料都被存到資料庫中。

So I reached out to the company,

所以我去聯絡了那間公司，

and I said, "Why are you collecting this really sensitive data?"

我說：「你們為什麼 要收集這些很敏感的資料？」

And they said, "Well, it's great for market research."

他們說：「嗯， 那對市場研究很有幫助。」

But they were data-mining their customers' orgasms.

但他們是在客戶的高潮 當中挖掘有用資訊。

And they weren't telling them about it.

且他們並沒有告訴客戶這件事。

I mean, even if you're cavalier about privacy,

就算你對於隱私不是很在意，

I hope that you would admit that's a step too far.

我希望你也同意這樣做有點太過頭。

SM: This is why I want to keep my sex toys dumb.

蘇：這就是為什麼我希望 用笨的性玩具就好。

KH: That's great.

卡：那很好啊。

We're all very glad to know that.

我們都很高興知道這一點。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

SM: A data point I'm willing to share.

蘇：我願意分享的一個資料點。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

The devices Kashmir bought range from useful to annoying.

卡許米爾買的裝置， 從很有用的到很惱人的都有。

But the thing they all had in common

但它們都有一個共通點，

was sharing data with the companies that made them.

就是會和製造 它們的公司分享資料。

With email service providers and social media,

有了電子郵件供應商 和社交媒體的經驗，

we've long been told that if it's free, you're the product.

我們長久以來都知道， 若是免費的，就表示你是商品。

But with the internet of things, it seems,

但似乎，就物聯網來說，

even if you pay, you're still the product.

即使你付了錢，你仍然是產品。

So you really have to ask:

所以你必須要問：

Who's the true beneficiary of your smart home,

誰能真正從你的智慧家庭受惠？

you or the company mining you?

你？或挖掘你的資料的公司？

KH: Look, we're a tech savvy crowd here.

卡：這裡的人都是懂科技的人。

I think most of us know that these things connect to the internet

我想我們大部分人都知道 這些東西會連上網路

and send data out.

並把資料傳送出去。

And fine, maybe you're OK with living in that commercial panopticon,

也許你覺得住在那商業 圓形監獄當中也沒關係，

but others aren't.

但其他人不見得這麼想。

We need the companies to rethink the design of these devices

這些公司需要重新思考 這些裝置的設計，

with our privacy in mind,

要把我們的隱私考量進去，

because we're not all willing to participate in "market research,"

因為我們不見得願意只因為 買了一個有無線網路連結的裝置，

just because a device we bought has a Wi-Fi connection.

就莫名其妙參與了「市場研究」。

And I have to tell you,

我得告訴各位，

even when you're aware, generally, this is happening,

一般來說，就算你知道 有這樣的狀況，

it's really easy to forget that normal household items are spying on you.

還是很容易忘記， 正常的居家物品正在監視你。

It's easy to forget these things are watching you,

很容易忘記， 這些東西正在看著你，

because they don't look like cameras.

因為它們長得不像是攝影機。

They could look like ...

它們的外觀可能只是……

well, they could look like a dildo.

嗯，它們的外觀可能 只是一支假陰莖。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）