Mitch Resnick: Let's teach kids to code

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: J. L. ( a - m e ) Reviewer: Alan Watson

It was a Saturday afternoon in May,

嗰日係五月一個星期六嘅下晝

and I suddenly realized

我突然意識到聽日就係母親節

that the next day was Mother's Day,

and I hadn't gotten anything for my mom,

而我仲未準備禮物俾我媽咪

so I started thinking about

所以我開始諗

what should I get my mom for Mother's Day?

我要送佢乜嘢做母親節禮物呢?

I thought, why don't I make her

我諗點解唔利用我同我嘅研究小組

an interactive Mother's Day card

喺麻省理工媒體實驗室開發嘅軟件 Scratch

using the Scratch software that I'd been developing

with my research group at the MIT Media Lab?

嚟做張有互動嘅母親節卡俾佢呢?

We developed it so that people could easily create

我哋整咗呢個軟件

令人可以輕鬆創作佢哋自己

their own interactive stories and games and animations,

有互動功能嘅故事、遊戲或者動畫

and then share their creations with one another.

而且同人分享佢哋嘅創作

So I thought, this would be an opportunity to use Scratch

於是我諗或者呢個係一個好機會

利用 Scratch 去整一張互動嘅卡俾我媽咪

to make an interactive card for my mom.

Before making my own Mother's Day card,

喺我做母親節卡之前

I thought I would take a look

我諗我可以先睇睇 Scratch 個網站

at the Scratch website.

So over the last several years, kids around the world

過去幾年，世界各地八歲以上嘅小朋友

ages 8 and up, have shared their projects,

分享咗佢哋嘅作品

and I thought, I wonder if, of those three million projects,

所以我諗喺呢三百萬件作品裏邊

whether anyone else has thought to put up Mother's Day cards.

會唔會有人上載咗母親節卡呢

So in the search box I typed in

所以我就喺搜尋嗰度打「母親節」

"Mother's Day,"

and I was surprised and delighted to see a list

我又驚訝又開心睇到

of dozens and dozens of Mother's Day cards

成頁有好多好多嘅母親節卡

that showed up on the Scratch website,

好多卡都係由一啲 好似我噉鍾意拖著做嘅人

many of them just in the past 24 hours

by procrastinators just like myself.

喺 24 小時之內上載嘅

So I started taking a look at them. (Music)

當我開始睇呢啲作品

（音樂）

I saw one of them that featured a kitten

我睇到一張特寫小貓 同小貓媽咪一齊嘅卡片

and her mom and wishing her mom a happy Mother's Day.

卡中嘅小貓祝媽咪母親節快樂

作者仲非常貼心噉

And the creator very considerately

offered a replay for her mom.

為佢自己母親整咗一個重播按鈕

Another one was an interactive project where,

另一個係互動作品

when you moved the mouse over the letters of "Happy Mom Day,"

當你將滑鼠移到 「母親節快樂」嘅字上面時

it reveals a special happy Mother's Day slogan.

會出現一句特別嘅母親節嘅祝福句子

(Music) In this one, the creator told a narrative

(音樂)

而喺呢件作品

創作者講述佢自己 點樣用谷歌搵出母親節係幾時

about how she had Googled to find out

when Mother's Day was happening.

(Typing) And then once she found out when Mother's Day was happening,

(打字聲)

而當佢知道母親節係幾時嗰陣

she delivered a special Mother's Day greeting

佢立即送出特別嘅母親節祝福

of how much she loved her mom.

去表達佢有幾愛佢媽媽

So I really enjoyed looking at these projects

我真係好鍾意 睇呢啲作品、同呢啲作品互動

and interacting with these projects.

In fact, I liked it so much that, instead of making my own project,

事實上，由於我太鍾意呢啲作品

原本諗著親手整張

I sent my mom links to about a dozen of these projects. (Laughter)

但後來就直接將十幾個作品嘅連結

發送俾我媽咪

（笑聲）

And actually, she reacted exactly the way that I hoped that she would.

而其實，佢嘅反應就係我想要嘅

She wrote back to me and she said,

佢回覆我話

"I'm so proud to have a son that created the software

「我非常為我嘅仔仔感到驕傲

佢能夠整到噉嘅軟件

that allowed these kids to make Mother's Day cards for their mothers."

令小朋友可以整母親節卡

送俾佢哋嘅媽媽。」

So my mom was happy, and that made me happy,

所以見到我媽咪好高興，我都好開心

but actually I was even happier for another reason.

但事實上我仲有一個更開心嘅原因

I was happy because these kids were using Scratch

我開心係因為呢啲小朋友能夠按照

just in the way that we had hoped that they would.

我哋希望見到嘅用法去用 Scratch

As they created their interactive Mother's Day cards,

當佢哋製作互動母親節卡嘅時候

you could see that they were really

你可以睇到佢哋真係 愈嚟愈對新科技純熟

becoming fluent with new technologies.

What do I mean by fluent?

噉純熟係咩呢?

I mean that they were able to start expressing themselves

我係指佢哋可以開始表達佢哋自己

and to start expressing their ideas.

開始表達佢哋嘅諗法

When you become fluent with language,

當你開始對一種語言純熟嘅時候

it means you can write an entry in your journal

意味著你可以喺你嘅日記上面寫嘢

or tell a joke to someone or write a letter to a friend.

或者話講笑話俾人哋聴

或者寫封信俾朋友

And it's similar with new technologies.

新科技都係同樣道理

By writing, be creating these interactive Mother's Day cards,

透過書寫或者創作呢啲互動嘅母親節卡

these kids were showing that they were really fluent

呢啲小朋友會俾人睇到

佢哋對呢啲新科技有幾純熟

with new technologies.

Now maybe you won't be so surprised by this,

你或者對呢樣嘢唔覺得驚訝

because a lot of times people feel that

因為好多時人都會覺得

young people today can do all sorts of things with technology.

現今年輕人可以用科技做各式各樣嘅嘢

I mean, all of us have heard young people referred to as "digital natives."

我嘅意思係

我哋都聽過年輕人被稱為「數碼原生代」

But actually I'm sort of skeptical about this term.

某種程度上 我認為呢個用詞係有點問題嘅

I'm not so sure we should be thinking of young people as digital natives.

但我就唔太肯定

我哋應唔應該將年輕人視作數碼原生代

When you really look at it, how is it that young people

當你真係去睇呢樣嘢

年輕人花大部分時間喺新科技嗰度

spend most of their time using new technologies?

究竟係點嘅一回事呢?

You often see them in situations like this,

你經常見到嘅情況會係噉樣

or like this,

或者噉樣

and there's no doubt that young people

可以肯定嘅係年輕人對於上網 上網聊天、發短訊同打機

are very comfortable and familiar browsing

and chatting and texting and gaming.

都好自在、好熟

But that doesn't really make you fluent.

但呢啲並唔會真係令你純熟

So young people today have lots of experience

今日嘅年輕人對於新科技嘅互動

and lots of familiarity with interacting with new technologies,

好有經驗同埋好熟識

but a lot less so of creating with new technologies

但對於利用新科技去創作同表達嘅人 就少得多

and expressing themselves with new technologies.

It's almost as if they can read

即係話佢哋識得用新科技去睇嘢

but not write with new technologies.

但唔識得用新科技去寫嘢一樣

And I'm really interested in seeing, how can we help young people become fluent

而我就真係好想知道

點樣能夠令年輕人對科技更純熟

so they can write with new technologies?

令佢哋能夠用新科技去創作

And that really means that they need to be able to

即係話佢哋能夠 寫自己嘅電腦程式，或者寫編碼

write their own computer programs, or code.

So, increasingly, people are starting to recognize

於是，有趣地，人就開始認清

the importance of learning to code.

學習寫編碼嘅重要性

You know, in recent years, there have been

你知道近幾年有幾百個新機構同新網站

hundreds of new organizations and websites

that are helping young people learn to code.

幫助年輕人學習編寫編碼

You look online, you'll see places like Codecademy

你見到網上有類似 Codeacademy 噉樣嘅地方

and events like CoderDojo

有類似 CoderDojo 一樣嘅活動

and sites like Girls Who Code,

又有似 Girls Who Code

or Black Girls Code.

或者 Black Girls Code 呢一類嘅網站

It seems that everybody is getting into the act.

每一個人似乎都開始參與其中

You know, just at the beginning of this year,

你知道嗎，就喺年初

at the turn of the new year,

踏入新一年嗰陣

New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg

紐約市長彭博為佢自己定下咗新年目標

made a New Year's resolution that he was going to learn

就係要喺 2012 年學識寫編碼

to code in 2012.

A few months later, the country of Estonia decided that

幾個月後，愛沙尼亞政府決定

all of its first graders should learn to code.

全國一年級學生都要學寫編碼

And that triggered a debate in the U.K.

呢樣嘢喺英國激發咗一場辯論

about whether all the children there should learn to code.

係咪要俾全部小朋友學寫編碼

Now, for some of you, when you hear about this,

宜家，你哋部分人，聽到呢個提議時

it might seem sort of strange about everybody learning to code.

或者會覺得有啲奇怪

做乜每個人都要學寫編碼

When many people think of coding, they think of it

當大部分人聽到編碼，佢哋會諗起

as something that only a very narrow sub-community

只有少數人會做嘅嘢

of people are going to be doing,

and they think of coding looking like this.

呢個就係佢哋對編碼嘅印象

And in fact, if this is what coding is like,

事實上，假如程式真係噉嘅樣

it will only be a narrow sub-community of people

只會有好少人

with special mathematical skills and technological background

就係嗰啲 有特別嘅數學技能同科技背景嘅人

that can code.

至會寫編碼

But coding doesn't have to be like this.

但寫編碼唔需要噉樣

Let me show you about what it's like to code in Scratch.

就等我俾你睇下Scratch 裏邊嘅編碼 係點樣啦

So in Scratch, to code, you just snap blocks together.

喺 Scratch 裏面寫編碼 就好似砌積木噉

In this case, you take a move block,

喺呢個情況下

你移動一舊積木

snap it into a stack,

將佢同其他積木堆埋一齊

and the stacks of blocks control the behaviors

嗰堆積木就會控制 你嘅遊戲或者故事裏邊唔同角色嘅行為

of the different characters in your game or your story,

in this case controlling the big fish.

呢個例子裏面就係要控制一條大魚

After you've created your program, you can click on "share,"

當你整咗個程式之後

你可以點選「分享」

and then share your project with other people,

然後你就可以將你個程式同其他人分享

so that they can use the project

人哋就可以用到你嘅程式

and start working on the project as well.

而且可以對個程式做修改

So, of course, making a fish game isn't the only thing

當然，整一個同魚有關嘅遊戲並唔係

you can do with Scratch.

Scratch 唯一可以做嘅嘢

Of the millions of projects on the Scratch website,

喺 Scratch 網站度幾百萬嘅項目裏面

there's everything from animated stories

由動畫故事

to school science projects

到學校科學專題研究

to anime soap operas

動漫劇集

to virtual construction kits

虛擬建築工具箱

to recreations of classic video games

經典電玩遊戲嘅重新製作

to political opinion polls

民意調查

to trigonometry tutorials

三角幾何學教學

to interactive artwork, and, yes,

互動藝術作品都應有盡有

interactive Mother's Day cards.

當然仲有互動嘅母親節賀卡

So I think there's so many different ways

所以我認為啲人可以透過呢個軟件

that people can express themselves using this,

用好多唔用嘅方式表達自己嘅心意

to be able to take their ideas and share their ideas with the world.

仲有記低同埋分享俾全世界知 佢哋嘅諗法

And it doesn't just stay on the screen.

而且，佢唔止剩係喺電腦螢幕裏面

You can also code to interact with the physical world around you.

你可以寫一啲 可以同你周圍現實世界互動嘅編碼

Here's an example from Hong Kong,

呢裏有一個嚟自香港嘅例子

where some kids made a game

呢啲小朋友做咗一個遊戲

and then built their own physical interface device

佢哋整咗一個實體介面裝置

and had a light sensor, so the light sensor

個裝置有一個光感應器

呢個感應器會感應塊板上面嘅窿

detects the hole in the board,

so as they move the physical saw,

當佢哋郁把鋸時

the light sensor detects the hole

個感應器可以探測到個窿

and controls the virtual saw on the screen

從而控制螢幕上嘅一把虛擬嘅鋸去鋸樹

and saws down the tree.

We're going to continue to look at new ways

至於我哋，我哋會繼續搵新嘅方式

of bringing together the physical world and the virtual world

將現實世界同虛擬世界帶到黎

and connecting to the world around us.

去連接我哋嘅世界

This is an example from a new version of Scratch

呢個係 Scratch 嘅新版本

that we'll be releasing in the next few months,

將會喺幾個月之內發佈

and we're looking again to be able

我哋希望再次帶俾你新方向

to push you in new directions.

Here's an example.

舉個例

It uses the webcam.

有個程式需要用到網絡攝影機

And as I move my hand, I can pop the balloons

當我移動我隻手

我可以戳穿氣球或者郁一條蟲

or I can move the bug.

So it's a little bit like Microsoft Kinect,

呢樣有啲似微軟嘅 Kinect 裝置

where you interact with gestures in the world.

你可以用唔同姿勢同裏面嘅世界互動

But instead of just playing someone else's game,

但除咗玩其他人嘅遊戲

you get to create the games,

你可以自己寫遊戲

and if you see someone else's game,

如果你見到人哋嘅遊戲

you can just say "see inside,"

你只需要講「查看裏邊」

and you can look at the stacks of blocks that control it.

你就可以睇到嗰堆控制遊戲嘅積木

So there's a new block that says how much video motion there is,

呢舊新積木顯示影像動作嘅幅度

and then, if there's so much video motion,

如果有大動作

it will then tell the balloon to pop.

佢就會指示個氣球爆開

The same way that this uses the camera

呢樣嘢用同一方式

利用相機收集資料輸入到 Scratch

to get information into Scratch,

you can also use the microphone.

你亦可以用咪

Here's an example of a project using the microphone.

呢個係一個利用咪創作嘅例子

So I'm going to let all of you control this game

你哋都可以用你哋嘅聲音控制呢個遊戲

using your voices.

(Crickets chirping) (Shouts) (Chomping)

(蟋蟀叫聲) (大嗌) (咀嚼聲)

(Laughter)

(笑聲) (呼叫) (蝙蝠跌落聲)

（掌聲）

(Applause)

As kids are creating projects like this,

當小朋友哋喺度創作呢啲項目嘅時候

they're learning to code,

佢哋係學梗寫編碼

but even more importantly, they're coding to learn.

但更重要嘅係

佢哋係從寫編碼中學習

Because as they learn to code,

因為喺學習寫編碼嘅過程中

it enables them to learn many other things,

佢哋學到其他好多嘢

opens up many new opportunities for learning.

得到好多學習嘅新機會

Again, it's useful to make an analogy to reading and writing.

同樣地

閱讀同寫作嘅比喻喺呢度可以用到

When you learn to read and write, it opens up

當你學習閱讀同寫作嘅時候

opportunities for you to learn so many other things.

佢提供你學習其他更多事物嘅機會

When you learn to read, you can then read to learn.

當你學習閱讀嘅時候

你同時係透過閱讀去學習

And it's the same thing with coding.

寫編碼都係一樣

If you learn to code, you can code to learn.

當你學寫編碼嘅時候

你會學到其他嘢

Now some of the things you can learn are sort of obvious.

有啲你可以學嘅嘢係睇得到嘅

You learn more about how computers work.

譬如你會知道電腦點樣運作

But that's just where it starts.

但呢樣只係第一樣

When you learn to code, it opens up for you to learn

當你學寫編碼

佢為你打開學習其他好多嘢嘅大門

many other things.

Let me show you an example.

等我舉個例

Here's another project,

呢度有另一個項目

我第一次見到佢

and I saw this when I was visiting

係當我參觀一間電腦俱樂部嘅時候

one of the computer clubhouses.

These are after-school learning centers that we helped start

呢啲係我哋協助成立嘅課後學習中心

that help young people from low-income communities

幫助嚟自低收入社群嘅青年

learn to express themselves creatively with new technologies.

學習點樣利用新科技創意噉表達自己

And when I went to one of the clubhouses a couple years ago,

幾年前當我去其中一個俱樂部時

I saw a 13-year-old boy who was using our Scratch software

我見到一個十三歲嘅男仔

用梗我哋嘅 Scratch 軟件

to create a game somewhat like this one,

去寫一個類似呢個嘅遊戲

and he was very happy with his game and proud of his game,

對於自己嘅遊戲

佢非常開心同自豪

but also he wanted to do more.

但佢想做更加多

He wanted to keep score.

佢想個遊戲可以計到分

So this was a game where the big fish eats the little fish,

佢個遊戲係玩大魚食細魚

but he wanted to keep score, so that each time

佢希望可以做到計分

the big fish eats the little fish,

令每一次大魚食小魚嘅時候

the score would go up and it would keep track,

分數會增加同埋記低落嚟

and he didn't know how to do that.

但佢唔識得整

So I showed him.

所以我就話俾佢知點整

In Scratch, you can create something called a variable.

喺 Scratch 裏面

你可以建立一樣嘢叫「變量」

I'll call it score.

我會叫佢做「分數」

And that creates some new blocks for you,

跟著個軟件會幫你建立幾個新積木

and also creates a little scoreboard that keeps track of the score,

並且會建立一個細嘅計分板

記錄分數

so each time I click on "change score," it increments the score.

當我每次點擊「更新分數」嘅時候

分數就會增加

So I showed this to the clubhouse member --

於是我話咗呢樣嘢俾呢名俱樂部會員知

let's call him Victor -- and Victor,

就叫佢做域他

當域他見到 呢個積木可以幫佢增加分數時

when he saw that this block would let him increment the score,

he knew exactly what to do.

佢即刻知道點做

He took the block

佢將個積木擺喺佢嘅程式入面

and he put it into the program

exactly where the big fish eats the little fish.

就擺喺大魚食小魚嗰部分

So then, each time the big fish eats the little fish,

於是，每次當大魚食小魚

he will increment the score, and the score will go up by one.

佢都可以令到個分數增加

每次增加一分

And it's in fact working.

個計分仲係正常運作

And he saw this, and he was so excited,

佢見到噉樣，佢非常之興奮

he reached his hand out to me,

佢伸隻手過嚟

and he said, "Thank you, thank you, thank you."

同我講: 「唔該，唔該，唔該」

And what went through my mind was,

呢個時候我諗

how often is it that teachers are thanked by their students

學校裡面嘅老師有幾多時會

因為教咗學生「變量」呢樣嘢 而有學生唔該佢哋呢?

for teaching them variables? (Laughter)

(笑聲)

It doesn't happen in most classrooms,

呢樣好少喺喺課室發生

but that's because in most classrooms, when kids learn about variables,

噉係因為喺大部分嘅課室

當小朋友學習變量嗰陣

they don't know why they're learning it.

佢哋唔知道佢哋學呢樣嘢嘅原因

It's nothing that, really, they can make use of.

佢哋冇應用嘅機會

When you learn ideas like this in Scratch,

當你喺 Scratch 學習類似概念時

you can learn it in a way that's really meaningful and motivating for you,

你可以透過一種 有意義、可以推動到你嘅方式學習

that you can understand the reason for learning variables,

令你明白學習變量嘅原因

and we see that kids learn it more deeply

我哋見到小朋友更深入 更好地學習呢樣嘢

and learn it better.

Victor had, I'm sure, been taught about variables in schools,

我肯定域他佢喺學校有學過變量

but he really didn't -- he wasn't paying attention.

只係因為佢冇上堂冇留心啫

Now he had a reason for learning variables.

宜家，佢終於有一個學習變量嘅原因

So when you learn through coding, and coding to learn,

所以當你學編碼 並透過編碼去學習

you're learning it in a meaningful context, and that's the best way of learning things.

你就係有意義噉去學習

而呢個就係最好嘅學習方法

So as kids like Victor are creating projects like this,

所以當好似域他噉嘅小朋友 整梗佢哋嘅項目嗰陣

they're learning important concepts like variables,

佢哋係學梗好似變量呢啲重要嘅概念

but that's just the start.

但呢個只係第一樣嘢

As Victor worked on this project and created the scripts,

當域他做梗呢個項目

寫梗啲程式碼嘅時候

he was also learning about the process of design,

佢係學梗設計嘅過程

how to start with the glimmer of an idea

點樣將一個諗法

and turn it into a fully-fledged, functioning project

變成一個完整、可以運作嘅軟件

like you see here.

就好似你睇到佢噉

So he was learning many different core principles of design,

所以佢喺度學梗好多 唔同嘅、核心嘅設計原理

about how to experiment with new ideas,

學點樣測試新諗法

how to take complex ideas and break them down into simpler parts,

學點樣將複雜諗法拆做細小嘅嘢

how to collaborate with other people on your projects,

點樣同其他人做項目

about how to find and fix bugs when things go wrong,

點樣喺出錯嗰陣，搵出同糾正錯誤

how to keep persistent and to persevere

就算當事情唔係咁如意 面對挫折嘅時候

in the face of frustrations when things aren't working well.

點樣堅持不懈

Now those are important skills

呢啲都係重要嘅技能

that aren't just relevant for coding.

唔係剩係同編碼有關

They're relevant for all sorts of different activities.

佢哋都同所有唔同嘅活動有關

Now, who knows if Victor is going to grow up and become

冇人知道域他長大之會唔會

成為一個程式員

a programmer or a professional computer scientist?

或者專業計算機科學家?

It's probably not so likely,

可能唔太可能啦

but regardless of what he does,

唔理佢將來會做乜

he'll be able to make use of these design skills that he learned.

佢呢啲學返嚟嘅設計技能 仍然都會用得著

Regardless of whether he grows up to be a marketing manager

不管佢將來係唔係 會成為一個市場推廣經理

or a mechanic or a community organizer,

工程師，或者社區組織者

that these ideas are useful for everybody.

呢啲概念對於每一個人嚟講都好有用

Again, it's useful to think about this analogy with language.

再一次

用語言呢個比喻去諗呢件事係有用嘅

When you become fluent with reading and writing,

當你可以流暢噉閱讀同寫作時

it's not something that you're doing

唔代表你會做一個專業嘅作家

just to become a professional writer.

Very few people become professional writers.

好少人會成為專業作家

But it's useful for everybody to learn how to read and write.

但對所有人嚟講

學習閱讀同寫作係有用嘅

Again, the same thing with coding.

呢個同寫編碼係同一道理

Most people won't grow up to become professional

大部分人喺長大之後唔會成為

computer scientists or programmers,

專業計算機科學家或者程式員

but those skills of thinking creatively,

但創意思維、有系統嘅推論、同人合作

reasoning systematically, working collaboratively --

skills you develop when you code in Scratch --

呢啲喺 Scratch 寫編碼嗰陣 發展出嚟嘅技能

are things that people can use no matter what they're doing in their work lives.

喺任何職業都可以用到

And it's not just about your work life.

唔剩止你份工

Coding can also enable you to

寫編碼可以

令你喺平日生活裏邊

express your ideas and feelings in your personal life.

表達你嘅諗法同情感

Let me end with just one more example.

就俾我再講多一個例子嚟到結束

So this is an example that came from

呢個例子係關於

after I had sent the Mother's Day cards to my mom,

我將母親節卡發比媽咪之後

she decided that she wanted to learn Scratch.

佢決定要學習用 Scratch

So she made this project for my birthday

於是佢喺我嘅生日嗰時整咗呢個項目

and sent me a happy birthday Scratch card.

發咗張 Scratch 生日卡俾我

Now this project is not going to win any prizes for design,

雖然宜家呢個作品唔會贏到設計獎

and you can rest assured that my 83-year-old mom

而且你可以坐係度好肯定

我 83 歲嘅媽媽

is not training to become a professional programmer or computer scientist.

唔係為咗受訓成為專業程式員

或者計算機科學家

But working on this project enabled her

但做呢個項目令到佢

to make a connection to someone that she cares about

可以連繫著佢關心嘅人

and enabled her to keep on learning new things

同埋令佢繼續學習新嘢

and continuing to practice her creativity

令佢繼續用佢嘅創意

and developing new ways of expressing herself.

令佢發展新嘅方式去表達自己

So as we take a look and we see that

所以，當我哋留意

我哋可以見到

Michael Bloomberg is learning to code,

彭博喺度學梗寫編碼電腦程式

all of the children of Estonia learn to code,

所有愛沙尼亞嘅小朋友都喺度學梗編碼

even my mom has learned to code,

甚至連我阿媽都喺度學編碼

don't you think it's about time that you might be

你唔覺得你係時候學寫編碼嗎?

thinking about learning to code?

If you're interested in giving it a try,

如果你有興趣試下

I'd encourage you to go to the Scratch website.

我會鼓勵你上 Scratch 網站

It's scratch.mit.edu,

scratch.mit.edu

and give a try at coding.

跟著試下寫編碼

Thanks very much. (Applause)

多謝哂

(掌聲)