Eric Giler demos wireless electricity

87,642 views ・ 2009-08-31

TED


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翻译人员: Zheng Zeng 校对人员: dayu Vong
00:12
Early visions of wireless power
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无线电力的早期设想
00:16
actually were thought of by Nikola Tesla
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主要来自于尼古拉·特斯拉
00:19
basically about 100 years ago.
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大约在一百年前
00:21
The thought that
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问题在于
00:23
you wouldn't want to transfer electric power wirelessly,
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你并不需要无线输送电力
00:26
no one ever thought of that.
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甚至没有人想到过这一点
00:28
They thought, "Who would use it if you didn't?"
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他们想:“如果连做都做不出来,谁还会用呢?”
00:30
And so, in fact, he actually set about
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因此,他开始着手于
00:33
doing a variety of things.
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进行一系列探索工作
00:35
Built the Tesla coil. This tower was built
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建造特斯拉线圈。这座塔建立在
00:37
on Long Island back at the beginning of the 1900s.
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20世纪初的长岛上
00:41
And the idea was, it was supposed to be able to transfer power
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此项设想在于,它将能够把电力
00:43
anywhere on Earth.
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输送到世界上任何一个角落
00:45
We'll never know if this stuff worked. Actually, I think the
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我们也许永远不会知道这能否成功。事实上我认为
00:47
Federal Bureau of Investigation
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依据联邦调查局的调查结果
00:49
took it down for security purposes,
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这个项目基于安全原因被关闭了
00:51
sometime in the early 1900s.
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这还是在20世纪早期的某些时候
00:54
But the one thing that did come out of electricity
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但是我们从中发现
00:56
is that we love this stuff so much.
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我们喜欢上了这个项目(理念)
00:58
I mean, think about how much we love this.
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想想到底我们有多喜欢它
01:00
If you just walk outside, there are trillions of dollars
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当你走出门,会发现在世界上
01:04
that have been invested in infrastructure around the world,
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有亿万美元被投资于基础设施中
01:06
putting up wires to get power from where it's created
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铺设电缆,将电力从其被创造的场所
01:09
to where it's used.
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输送到被使用的场所
01:11
The other thing is, we love batteries.
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另外一点是,我们喜欢电池
01:14
And for those of us that have an environmental element to us,
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对于我们来说,这在环境上的影响是
01:18
there is something like 40 billion
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每年在世界上约有
01:20
disposable batteries built every year
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四百亿节电池被废弃
01:22
for power that, generally speaking,
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一般而言,电池
01:24
is used within a few inches or a few feet
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仅仅是在几英寸或几英尺的范围内使用
01:27
of where there is very inexpensive power.
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而且使用成本极低
01:29
So, before I got here,
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所以在我继续演讲之前
01:32
I thought, "You know, I am from North America.
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我想:“你们知道,我来自北美。
01:34
We do have a little bit of a reputation in the United States."
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我们在美国确实有一些声誉。”
01:37
So I thought I'd better look it up first.
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所以我想最好先看一看
01:39
So definition number six is the North American
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数字六的定义
01:42
definition of the word "suck."
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在北美被定义为“恶心”
01:45
Wires suck, they really do.
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电缆真令人恶心,确实如此
01:47
Think about it. Whether that's you in that picture
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想一想,在这幅照片中的是否是你
01:50
or something under your desk.
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或是位于你桌下的什么东西
01:52
The other thing is, batteries suck too.
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另一件事是,电池也非常令人恶心
01:55
And they really, really do.
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它们真的很恶心
01:57
Do you ever wonder what happens to this stuff?
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你曾想过如何处理这些恶心的家伙吗?
01:59
40 billion of these things built.
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整整四百亿节
02:01
This is what happens.
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而这正是在我们周围发生的一切
02:03
They fall apart, they disintegrate,
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它们被取下来,被拆分
02:05
and they end up here.
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最终在此得到处理
02:07
So when you talk about expensive power,
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当你谈论昂贵的电力时,即
02:10
the cost per kilowatt-hour
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为电池或者其他东西提供电力时
02:14
to supply battery power to something
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每千瓦小时成本
02:16
is on the order of two to three hundred pounds.
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大约是二三百英镑
02:19
Think about that.
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想一想
02:21
The most expensive grid power in the world
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世界上最贵的电力网络
02:23
is thousandths of that.
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是这个的成千上万倍
02:26
So fortunately, one of the other definitions
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幸运地是,“恶心”的另一个定义就在其中
02:29
of "suck" that was in there, it does create a vacuum.
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它制造了真空
02:32
And nature really does abhor a vacuum.
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但是,大自然憎恶真空
02:35
What happened back a few years ago
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几年以前
02:37
was a group of theoretical physicists at MIT
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麻省理工的某些理论物理学家们
02:41
actually came up with this concept of transferring power over distance.
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提出了一种近距离无线传输电力的理念
02:45
Basically they were able to light a 60 watt light bulb
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并且他们在约两米的距离时
02:49
at a distance of about two meters.
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点亮了一盏六十瓦的电灯炮
02:51
It got about 50 percent of the efficiency --
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他们计算出的能源效率大约是50%
02:54
by the way, that's still a couple thousand times
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事实上,这种利用能源的方式
02:56
more efficient than a battery would be, to do the same thing.
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比电池要高出成百上千倍
02:59
But were able to light that,
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并且这已经可以点亮电灯泡了
03:01
and do it very successfully.
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并且成功地实现了
03:03
This was actually the experiment. So you can see
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这就是那个真实的实验。所以你可以看到
03:05
the coils were somewhat larger.
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存在更大的线圈
03:08
The light bulb was a fairly simple task, from their standpoint.
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从他们的角度来看电灯泡只是一个简单的任务
03:11
This all came from a professor
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这全部来源于某位教授
03:14
waking up at night to the third night in a row
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在半夜时连续三次被闹醒
03:16
that his wife's cellphone was beeping
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这是因为他夫人的手机一直在提示
03:18
because it was running out of battery power.
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电量不足(低电量警告)
03:21
And he was thinking, "With all the electricity that's out there in the walls,
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所以他在想:“所有的插座都在墙上,
03:25
why couldn't some of that just come into the phone so I could get some sleep?"
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为什么就不能弄点电到手机里,让我睡个安稳觉?”
03:28
And he actually came up with this concept
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并且他的确实现了这个想法
03:30
of resonant energy transfer.
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通过共振传输能量
03:32
But inside a standard transformer are two coils of wire.
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在标准变压器中有两卷线圈
03:36
And those two coils of wire are really, really close to each other,
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并且这两卷线圈之间靠得非常近
03:39
and actually do transfer power
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事实上它们之间在传输电力--
03:43
magnetically and wirelessly, only over a very short distance.
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透过很短的距离,依靠电磁效应进行无线电力传输
03:46
What Dr. Soljacic figured out how to do
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索尔贾希克博士所想到的是
03:49
was separate the coils in a transformer
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如何将变压器中线圈的距离增大
03:52
to a greater distance than the size of those transformers
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以便在更远的距离中
03:56
using this technology, which is not dissimilar
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应用此项技术,这与歌剧歌手
03:58
from the way an opera singer shatters a glass on the other side of the room.
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在房间的另一面摇晃玻璃窗的方式不同
04:02
It's a resonant phenomenon
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这是一种共振现象
04:04
for which he actually received a MacArthur Fellowship Award,
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据此他获得了麦克阿瑟奖
04:07
which is nicknamed the Genius Award,
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此奖项也被戏称为天才奖
04:09
last September, for his discovery.
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基于他的发现,在去年九月他得到了这一奖励
04:12
So how does it work?
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那么它是如何工作的呢?
04:14
Imagine a coil. For those of you that are engineers,
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想象一卷线圈,对于是工程师的你来说,它
04:17
there's a capacitor attached to it too.
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同时还有电容与之相连
04:19
And if you can cause that coil to resonate,
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如果你能够让线圈发生共振
04:22
what will happen is it will pulse
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它将会在不断改变的频率下
04:24
at alternating current frequencies --
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在相当高的频率下
04:26
at a fairly high frequency, by the way.
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产生脉冲
04:29
And if you can bring another device
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如果你能够带来另一个
04:33
close enough to the source,
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与发电源足够近的设备
04:35
that will only work at exactly that frequency,
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并且它恰好能够在此频率下工作
04:38
you can actually get them to do what's called strongly couple,
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你可让它们形成耦合
04:42
and transfer magnetic energy between them.
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从而在它们之间传递磁能
04:46
And then what you do is, you start out with electricity,
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接下来你要做的只是在你需要电力时
04:48
turn it into magnetic field, take that magnetic field,
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移动到磁性区域内,利用磁场
04:50
turn it back into electricity,
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将其转变成电能
04:52
and then you can use it.
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然后你就可以正常使用了
04:55
Number one question I get asked.
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我所被问到的第一个问题是
04:57
I mean, people are worried about cellphones being safe.
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人们会担心手机的安全性问题
04:59
You know. What about safety?
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你知道的,这个项目的安全性怎么样?
05:01
The first thing is this is not a "radiative" technology.
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我需要声明的第一点是这并非辐射性技术
05:03
It doesn't radiate.
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它并不会产生辐射
05:05
There aren't electric fields here. It's a magnetic field.
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这里并没有电场,只是磁场。
05:08
It stays within either what we call the source,
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它处于被我们称为源或者设备的
05:10
or within the device.
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影响范围之内
05:12
And actually, the magnetic fields we're using
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并且事实上我们所使用的磁场
05:14
are basically about the same as the Earth's magnetic field.
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其本质与地球磁场相同
05:17
We live in a magnetic field.
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我们每天都生活在磁场环境中
05:19
And the other thing that's pretty cool about the technology is
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此项技术的另一个闪光点是
05:22
that it only transfers energy to things that work at exactly the same frequency.
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它仅仅向与其在相同频率下工作的物体输送能源
05:26
And it's virtually impossible in nature to make that happen.
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而这在自然界中几乎没可能让其发生
05:30
Then finally we have governmental bodies everywhere
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在世界各地都有相应的政府机构
05:32
that will regulate everything we do.
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他们会规范我们所做的一切
05:34
They've pretty much set field exposure limits,
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并且他们严格的设定了辐射场标准
05:36
which all of the things in the stuff I'll show you today
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今天我们在此向您们所展示的一切
05:38
sort of sit underneath those guidelines.
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均处于这些规章限制之内
05:41
Mobile electronics.
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移动电子产品
05:43
Home electronics.
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家用电子产品
05:45
Those cords under your desk, I bet everybody here
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这些在你桌子下的电线,我打赌每个人
05:47
has something that looks like that or those batteries.
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都有类似的经历,或者是那些电池
05:50
There are industrial applications.
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这些是工业上的应用
05:52
And then finally, electric vehicles.
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并且最后应用于电动汽车中
05:54
These electric cars are beautiful.
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这些电动汽车非常漂亮
05:56
But who is going to want to plug them in?
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但是有谁愿意很麻烦的去充电呢?
05:59
Imagine driving into your garage -- we've built a system to do this --
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想象一下,当你驶入车库时--我们已经建立了某项系统来完成此工作
06:02
you drive into your garage, and the car charges itself,
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当你驶入车库,汽车将会自动充电
06:06
because there is a mat on the floor that's plugged into the wall.
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因为在地面上有一个插入墙中的垫子
06:09
And it actually causes your car to charge safely and efficiently.
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它让你的汽车能够安全、高效地充电
06:13
Then there's all kinds of other applications. Implanted medical devices,
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当然这也可以被应用于其它领域中,如被移植的医疗设备
06:16
where people don't have to die of infections anymore
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人们不会再因为感染而死亡
06:18
if you can seal the thing up.
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因为你能够将它密封起来
06:20
Credit cards, robot vacuum cleaners.
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信用卡,真空清洁器都可以使用
06:22
So what I'd like to do is take a couple minutes
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我想做的仅是花上几分钟
06:24
and show you, actually, how it works.
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再向你们展示它是如何工作的
06:28
And what I'm going to do is to show you pretty much what's here.
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我将会此向你展示相当精彩的内容
06:33
You've got a coil.
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你有一卷线圈
06:36
That coil is connected to an R.F. amplifier
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线圈与射频放大器相连
06:39
that creates a high-frequency oscillating magnetic field.
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它(射频放大器)将会产生振荡磁场
06:43
We put one on the back of the television set.
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我们将它放在电视机的背后
06:45
By the way, I do make it look a little bit easier than it is.
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对了,我会让它看上去比实际稍微简单一点
06:48
There's lots of electronics and secret sauce
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事实上这含有很多电子设备和秘诀
06:50
and all kinds of intellectual property that go into it.
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并包括了很多与知识产权相关的问题
06:55
But then what's going to happen is, it will create a field.
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但这里将会发生的是,磁场出现了
06:58
It will cause one to get created
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它制造了一个磁场
07:00
on the other side.
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在另一面
07:03
And if the demo gods are willing,
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如果一切顺利地话
07:05
in about 10 seconds or so we should see it.
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在十秒钟之内我们就会看到
07:07
The 10 seconds actually are because we --
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之所以是十秒是因为我们
07:09
I don't know if any of you have ever thought about plugging a T.V. in
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并不曾想到过,这里不是将电视插头插入到插座
07:12
when you use just a cord.
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而仅仅是使用线圈
07:14
Generally, you have to go over and hit the button. So I thought
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一般而言你得绕过去并按下按钮。所以我想到
07:16
we put a little computer in it that has to wake up
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我们弄一点设备在其中
07:18
to tell it to do that.
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使其唤醒那些应该被唤醒的部件并告诉它这样做
07:26
So, I'll plug that in.
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所以,我将它打开
07:28
It creates a magnetic field here.
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它在此产生了磁场
07:31
It causes one to be created out here.
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它让此处产生了一个磁场
07:33
And as I said, in sort of about 10 seconds
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正如我所说,在大约十秒钟内
07:36
we should start to see ...
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我们将会看到
07:40
This is a commercially --
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这是在商业上
07:42
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
07:49
available color television set.
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已经商业化的彩色电视机
07:52
Imagine, you get one of these things. You want to hang them on the wall.
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想象一下,当你拿到这东西并准备挂在墙上时
07:54
How many people want to hang them on the wall?
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有多少人想将其挂在墙上?
07:56
Think about it. You don't want those ugly cords coming down.
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想一想。你并不需要让丑陋的线圈垂下来
07:58
Imagine if you can get rid of it.
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想象一下如果你能够摆脱它
08:00
The other thing I wanted to talk about was safety.
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另一件我想谈的事是安全性问题
08:02
So, there is nothing going on. I'm okay.
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目前在这里啥也没有发生,我很好
08:06
And I'll do it again, just for safety's sake.
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并且我将再做一次,仅是为了安全原因
08:08
Almost immediately, though, people ask,
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几乎在同时,人们问道
08:11
"How small can you make this? Can you make this small enough?"
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“你可以将它做到多小?能够让它变得足够小吗?”
08:14
Because remember Dr. Soljacic's original idea
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因为想起了索尔贾希克博士的最初想法来源于
08:18
was his wife's cellphone beeping.
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他夫人的手机铃声
08:20
So, I wanted to show you something.
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所以我将会向你们展示一些东西
08:23
We're an equal opportunity designer of this sort of thing.
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在这样的事上我们有着平等的机会
08:25
This a Google G1.
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这是Google G1
08:27
You know, it's the latest thing that's come out.
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你知道的,刚出来的最新产品
08:29
It runs the Android operating system.
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它运行着Android操作系统
08:31
I think I heard somebody talk about that before.
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我想以前有人谈到过这玩意
08:33
It's odd. It has a battery.
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它很奇怪,里面有一块电池
08:35
It also has coiled electronics
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在它背后还贴有
08:37
that WiTricity has put into the back of it.
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WiTricity的线圈电子产品
08:39
And if I can get the camera --
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摄像头能够移一下过来吗?
08:42
okay, great --
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很棒,这很不错
08:44
you'll see, as I get sort of close...
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你将会看到,当足够接近时
08:50
you're looking at a cellphone powered completely wirelessly.
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你将会看到手机被无线充电
08:54
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
08:59
And I know some of you are Apple aficionados.
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我想,你们中的一部分是苹果迷
09:02
So, you know they don't make it easy at Apple to get inside their phones.
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因此,你们知道要想利用苹果机内部的一些东西非常困难
09:04
So we put a little sleeve on the back,
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我们在它背后放了套线
09:06
but we should be able to get this guy to wake up too.
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但是我们同样需要能够让它被唤醒
09:09
And those of you that have an iPhone recognize the green center.
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你们那些有iPhone的人,也可以使用这种方式进行充电
09:16
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
09:17
And Nokia as well.
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诺基亚也一样
09:19
You'll see that what we did there is put a little thing in the back, to do that,
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你将会看到我们仅是在其背后放了一点小东西
09:23
and it probably beeps, actually, as it goes on as well.
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事实上它可能会响起来
09:26
But they typically use it to light up the screen.
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但是它们实际上只是利用无线电力让屏幕亮起来
09:28
So, imagine these things could go ... they could go in your ceiling.
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想象一下这能够放置的区域,它们能够到达到你的天花板
09:31
They could go in the floor. They could go, actually, underneath your desktop.
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它们也可以到地下,事实上他们还可以放在你桌子下
09:34
So that when you walk in or you come in from home,
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所以你当你走进来时,或者当你回家时
09:37
if you carry a purse, it works in your purse.
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如果你拿有提包,它也能够在你的提包中工作
09:39
You never have to worry about plugging these things in again.
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你永远不用担心再将它插入插座这些事
09:43
And think of what that would do for you.
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想想它能够为你所做的
09:45
So I think in closing,
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所以我想在最后
09:49
sort of in the immortal visions of The New Yorker magazine,
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在最后的一页幻灯片中
09:53
I thought I'd put up one more slide.
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放上类似于纽约人杂志的经典插图
09:57
And for those of you who can't read it, it says,
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可能有一点看不清楚
09:59
"It does appear to be some kind of wireless technology."
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图上写着"它看上去像是某种无线技术"
10:01
So, thank you very much.
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非常感谢您们倾听
10:03
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
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