How empowering women and girls can help stop global warming | Katharine Wilkinson

翻译人员: Yolanda Zhang 校对人员: TED Translators admin

There are two powerful phenomena unfolding on earth:

地球上正在出现两种强大的现象：

全球变暖的出现

the rise of global warming

and the rise of women and girls.

以及妇女和女孩地位的提高。

The link between them is often overlooked,

它们之间的联系常常被忽视，

but gender equity is a key answer to our planetary challenge.

但性别平等是应对我们 全球挑战的关键答案。

Let me explain.

我来解释一下。

For the last few years,

在过去的几年里，

I have been working on an effort called "Project Drawdown."

我一直在努力进行一项 名为 “缩减项目” 的工作。

Our team has scoured humanity's wisdom

我们的团队已经探索了人类的智慧，

for solutions to draw down heat-trapping, climate-changing emissions

试图找到解决方案，以减少 大气中的热捕获，导致气候变化的

in the atmosphere --

气体排放——

not "someday, maybe, if we're lucky" solutions,

不是那种 “幸运的话，问题 总会解决的” 的解决方案，

the 80 best practices and technologies

我们已经掌握了 80 种

already in hand:

最佳实践和技术：

clean, renewable energy, including solar and wind;

清洁、可再生能源， 包括太阳能和风能；

green buildings, both new and retrofitted;

绿色建筑，无论是 新建的还是改建的；

efficient transportation from Brazil to China;

从巴西到中国的高效交通；

thriving ecosystems through protection and restoration;

通过保护和恢复性措施 使生态系统蓬勃发展；

reducing waste and reclaiming its value;

减少浪费，回收再利用；

growing food in good ways that regenerates soil;

以健康可持续的方式种植粮食；

shifting diets to less meat, more plants;

将饮食转向少肉、多素食；

and equity for women and girls.

让妇女和女童享有平等的权利。

Gender and climate are inextricably linked.

性别与气候密不可分。

Drawing down emissions depends on rising up.

减少排放取决于其他因素的进步。

First, a bit of context.

首先给大家介绍一下 问题的大背景。

We are in a situation of urgency, severity and scope

我们正处在一个人类前所未有的

never before faced by humankind.

紧迫、严峻且影响广泛的局势中。

So far, our response isn't anywhere close to adequate.

到目前为止，我们的 应对措施还远远不够。

But you already know that.

但是你已经知道了。

You know it in your gut,

你对这个问题的了解

in your bones.

深入骨髓。

我们是地球生命系统的一部分，

We are each part of the planet's living systems,

knitted together with almost 7.7 billion human beings

与将近 77 亿人类

and 1.8 million known species.

和 180 万已知的物种交织在一起。

We can feel the connections between us.

我们可以感觉到我们之间的联系。

We can feel the brokenness

我们可以感觉到这种联系的破碎

and the closing window to heal it.

而且难以痊愈。

这个地球，我们的家园，

This earth, our home,

is telling us that a better way of being must emerge, and fast.

正在告诉我们，对一个更好的 生活方式的需求已经迫在眉睫。

In my experience, to have eyes wide open

根据我的经验，睁大眼睛，你会发现

is to hold a broken heart every day.

这个世界的变化让你心碎。

It's a grief that I rarely speak,

虽然我的工作依靠声音的力量，

though my work calls on the power of voice.

但是这种悲伤却难以言说。

I remind myself that the heart can simply break, or it can break open.

我提醒自己，人心很容易破碎， 或者它可以因破碎而敞开。

A broken-open heart is awake and alive and calls for action.

一颗破碎的，敞开的心是清醒的， 鲜活的，不会无动于衷。

It is regenerative, like nature,

它是可再生的，就像大自然，

reclaiming ruined ground, growing anew.

让受损的大地重新生长。

Life moves inexorably toward more life,

生命无可阻挡地催生更多的生命，

toward healing,

走向愈合，

toward wholeness.

走向完整。

That's a fundamental ecological truth.

这是一个基本的生态真理。

而我们，我们所有人，

And we, all of us,

we are life force.

我们都是生命力。

On the face of it, the primary link between women, girls and a warming world

从表面上看，妇女、女孩和 变暖的世界之间的主要联系

不是生命，而是死亡。

is not life but death.

Awareness is growing that climate impacts hit women and girls hardest,

人们渐渐认识到， 鉴于现有的脆弱性，气候影响

given existing vulnerabilities.

对妇女和女孩的冲击最大。

There is greater risk of displacement,

她们在自然灾害中 流离失所的风险更大，

受伤或死亡的可能性更高。

higher odds of being injured or killed during a natural disaster.

Prolonged drought can precipitate early marriage

长期干旱会导致家庭因资源匮乏，

从而促成早婚。

as families contend with scarcity.

Floods can force last-resort prostitution

洪水可能迫使妇女

as women struggle to make ends meet.

被迫卖淫，以维持生计。

这样的例子不胜枚举。

The list goes on and goes wide.

These dynamics are most acute under conditions of poverty,

从美国新奥尔良到肯尼亚内罗毕，

from New Orleans to Nairobi.

这些事件在贫困中最为突出。

Too often, the story ends here.

故事往往在这里结束，

But not today.

但是今天不同。

另一个强大的真理也值得注意。

Another empowering truth begs to be seen.

If we gain ground on gender equity,

如果我们在性别平等方面取得进展，

we also gain ground on addressing global warming.

我们也能在应对 全球变暖方面取得进展。

This connection comes to light in three key areas,

这种联系凸显在三个关键的领域——

three areas where we can secure the rights of women and girls,

在这三个领域中，我们能够 确保妇女和女孩的权利，

shore up resilience

增强抵御风险的能力，

and avert emissions at the same time.

同时避免气体排放。

Women are the primary farmers of the world.

妇女是世界上主要的农民。

They produce 60 to 80 percent of food in lower-income countries,

在低收入国家，她们生产了 60% 至 80% 的粮食，

often operating on fewer than five acres.

通常在不到 5 英亩的土地上经营。

That's what the term "smallholder" means.

这就是“小农”这个术语的含义。

Compared with men, women smallholders have less access to resources,

与男性相比，女性小农获得资源，

including land rights,

包括土地权、

信贷和资本、培训、

credit and capital, training,

tools and technology.

工具和技术的机会较少。

They farm as capably and efficiently as men,

她们能够与男性一样 干练和高效地耕作，

但这种有据可查的 资源和权利差距

but this well-documented disparity in resources and rights

means women produce less food on the same amount of land.

意味着女性在同样面积的 土地上生产的粮食较少。

Close those gaps,

缩小这些差距，

and farm yields rise by 20 to 30 percent.

农业产量就可以提高 20% 至 30%。

这意味着同一花园或同一田地 会多出20% 到 30% 的食物。

That means 20 to 30 percent more food from the same garden or the same field.

The implications for hunger, for health, for household income --

这一改变对饥饿、健康、 家庭收入的影响

they're obvious.

是显而易见的。

Let's follow the thread to climate.

我们再看看气候问题。

我们人类需要土地种植粮食。

We humans need land to grow food.

Unfortunately, forests are often cleared to supply it,

不幸的是，森林常常 被砍伐用作农田，

and that causes emissions from deforestation.

这就导致了因毁林 造成的气体排放。

But if existing farms produce enough food,

但是，如果现有的农场能够生产 足够的粮食，

森林就不太可能被毁。

forests are less likely to be lost.

So there's a ripple effect.

所以存在一个涟漪效应。

Support women smallholders,

支持女性小农户，

realize higher yields,

实现更高的产量，

avoid deforestation

避免砍伐森林，

and sustain the life-giving power of forests.

并维持森林赋予生命的力量。

Project Drawdown estimates that addressing inequity in agriculture

“缩减项目”估计， 从现在到 2050 年。

could prevent two billion tons of emissions between now and 2050.

解决农业中的不平等问题 可以防止 20 亿吨的气体排放。

That's on par with the impact household recycling can have globally.

这相当于全球家庭回收 所产生的影响。

Addressing this inequity can also help women cope

解决这种不平等问题 还可以帮助妇女

with the challenges of growing food

应对气候变化带来的

as the climate changes.

粮食种植挑战。

耕作中也孕育着生命力。

There is life force in cultivation.

At last count,

根据最近的一次统计，

130 million girls are still denied their basic right to attend school.

仍然有1.3 亿女孩 被剥夺了上学的基本权利。

Gaps are greatest in secondary school classrooms.

中学教室的差距最大。

Too many girls are missing a vital foundation for life.

太多的女孩缺少 维持生活的重要基础。

Education means better health for women and their children,

教育意味着女性及其 子女会更加健康、

better financial security,

有更好的财政保障、

greater agency at home and in society,

在家庭和社会中发挥更大的作用，

more capacity to navigate a climate-changing world.

更有能力在气候不断 变化的世界中生存。

Education can mean options, adaptability, strength.

教育可以意味着选择， 适应性，力量，

It can also mean lower emissions.

也意味着更低的排放。

For a variety of reasons,

由于种种原因，

当我们受到更多的教育，

when we have more years of education,

we typically choose to marry later

通常就会选择晚婚，

and to have fewer children.

少生孩子，

So our families end up being smaller.

于是我们的家庭会变小。

What happens at the individual level adds up across the world and over time.

在个人层面上发生的事情会随着 时间推移在世界范围内而累积起来。

One by one by one,

一个接一个的，

the right to go to school impacts how many human beings live on this planet

上学的权利会影响到 有多少人生活在这个星球上，

and impacts its living systems.

并影响到它的生命系统。

That's not why girls should be educated.

这不是女孩应该接受教育的原因。

It's one meaningful outcome.

这是一个有意义的结果。

Education is one side of a coin.

教育是一枚硬币的一面。

The other is family planning:

硬币的另一面是计划生育——

access to high-quality, voluntary reproductive health care.

获得高质量的自愿生殖保健。

To have children by choice rather than chance

依靠选择，而非计划之外的怀孕，

is a matter of autonomy and dignity.

是一个关乎自主和尊严的问题。

Yet in the US,

然而在美国，

45 percent of pregnancies are unintended.

45%的怀孕是意外怀孕。

Two hundred and fourteen million women in lower-income countries

低收入国家中有 2.14 亿女性表示，

say they want to decide whether and when to become pregnant

她们想自己决定 是否怀孕以及何时怀孕，

but aren't using contraception.

但却没有使用避孕措施。

Listening to women's needs,

倾听女性的需要,

addressing those needs,

满足这些需要,

advancing equity and well-being:

促进公平和福祉：

这些必须是计划生育的目标。 没有任何商量的余地。

those must be the aims of family planning, period.

遏制人口的增长

Curbing the growth of our human population

is a side effect, though a potent one.

是一个副作用，尽管 这是一个强有力的作用。

It could dramatically reduce demand for food, transportation, electricity,

它可以大大减少 对粮食、交通、电力、

buildings, goods and all the rest,

建筑物、货物和其他 所有产品的需求，

thereby reducing emissions.

从而减少排放。

缩小在获得教育和 计划生育方面的差距，

Close the gaps on access to education and family planning,

and by mid-century, we may find one billion fewer people inhabiting earth

到本世纪中叶，我们可能 就会发现地球上居住的人口

than we would if we do nothing more.

比顺其自然的发展要少十亿。

According to Project Drawdown,

根据“缩减项目”，

one billion fewer people could mean we avoid

减少 10 亿人口可能意味着我们避免了

nearly 120 billion tons of emissions.

可意味着我们避免了 近 1200 亿吨的排放。

At that level of impact,

在这一影响程度上，

gender equity is a top solution to restore a climate fit for life.

性别平等是恢复宜居 环境的首要解决方案。

At that level of impact,

在这一影响程度上，

gender equity is on par with wind turbines

性别平等的作用不亚于风力涡轮机、

and solar panels and forests.

太阳能电池板和森林。

学习和选择中

There is life force in learning

and life force in choice.

也有生命力。

我要强调一下：

Now, let me be clear:

this does not mean women and girls are responsible for fixing everything.

这并不意味着妇女和女孩 有责任处理所有问题，

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Though we probably will.

虽然我们可能会这样做。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（掌声）

Equity for women in agriculture, education and family planning:

妇女在农业、教育和 计划生育方面的平等：

these are solutions within a system of drawdown solutions.

这些都是缩减解决方案 体系内的解决方案。

Together, they comprise a blueprint of possibility.

它们共同构成了一个可能性的蓝图。

And let me be even clearer about this:

我还要进一步澄清一下：

population cannot be seen in isolation from production or consumption.

对人口的审视不能脱离生产或消费。

Some segments of the human family cause exponentially greater harm,

人类大家庭的某些部分 造成了指数倍的伤害，

while others suffer outsized injustice.

而另一些部分则遭受着 严重的不公正待遇。

最富裕的那部分人——

The most affluent --

我们应该是最负责任的，

we are the most accountable.

We have the most to do.

我们需要做的事情最多。

The gender-climate connection extends beyond negative impacts

性别和气候的联系 不仅限于消极影响

and beyond powerful solutions.

和强有力的解决办法。

Women are vital voices and agents for change on this planet,

女性是地球变革的 重要声音和推动者。

然而，我们往往缺席， 甚至被拒之门外。

and yet we're too often missing or even barred from the proverbial table.

We're too often ignored or silenced when we speak.

我们在发言时经常被忽视或阻止。

We are too often passed over

在制定计划或进行投资时，

when plans are laid or investments made.

我们也常常被无视。

According to one analysis,

根据一项分析，

just 0.2 percent of philanthropic funds

只有 0.2% 的慈善资金

go specifically towards women and the environment,

专门用于解决女性和环境问题，

merely 110 million dollars globally,

全世界加起来才 1.1 亿美元，

the sum spent by one man on a single Basquiat painting last year.

去年一个人在一幅名人的 绘画作品上就花了这么多钱。

These dynamics are not only unjust, they are setting us up for failure.

这一切不仅是不公正的， 而且使我们无法实现目标。

To rapidly, radically reshape society,

为了迅速地从根本上重塑社会，

we need every solution and every solver,

我们需要群策群力，

every mind,

需要每一个大脑，

every bit of heart,

每一颗心灵，

every set of hands.

每一双手的参与。

We often crave a simple call to action,

我们经常渴望一个简单的行动号召，

but this challenge demands more than a fact sheet

但是这一挑战需要的 不仅仅是让人们了解真相，

and more than a checklist.

也不仅仅是制定计划。

We need to function more like an ecosystem,

我们更需要像生态系统一样运作，

在我们的多样性中寻找力量。

finding strength in our diversity.

You know what your superpowers are.

你最了解自己的长处。

You're an educator, farmer, healer, creator, campaigner, wisdom-keeper.

你是一个教育家，农民，治疗师， 创造者，运动家，智慧守护者。

How might you link arms where you are

要如何肩并肩一同推进

to move solutions forward?

解决方案的发展？

There is one role I want to ask that all of you play:

我想询问的是一个 你们都在扮演的角色：

the role of messenger.

信使的角色。

This is a time of great awakening.

这是一个伟大的觉醒时刻。

We need to break the silence around the condition of our planet;

我们需要打破地球环境的沉默；

move beyond manufactured debates about climate science;

超越关于气候科学的人为辩论；

share solutions;

分享解决方案；

speak truth with a broken-open heart;

带着一颗破碎但开放的心说真话；

teach that to address climate change, we must make gender equity a reality.

教育别人，为了应对气候变化， 我们必须实现性别平等。

And in the face of a seemingly impossible challenge,

面对一个看似十分艰巨的挑战，

women and girls are a fierce source of possibility.

妇女和女孩身上具备 最丰富的可能性。

It is a magnificent thing to be alive

在一个如此重要的时刻，

in a moment that matters so much.

活着是一件伟大的事。

这个地球，

This earth,

我们的家园，

our home,

is calling for us to be bold,

正呼吁我们勇往直前，

reminding us we are all in this together --

提醒我们要同舟共济——

women, men,

女人，男人，

people of all gender identities,

所有性别的人，

all beings.

所有人。

We are life force,

我们都是生命力，

one earth,

一个地球，

一次机会。

one chance.

Let's seize it.

让我们抓住它吧。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

（掌声）

(Applause)