How empowering women and girls can help stop global warming | Katharine Wilkinson

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Regina Chu

There are two powerful phenomena unfolding on earth:

地球上，有兩個 強大的現象正在發生：

the rise of global warming

全球暖化的興起，

and the rise of women and girls.

與女人和女孩的興起。

The link between them is often overlooked,

兩者之間的連結常常被忽略，

but gender equity is a key answer to our planetary challenge.

但，地球所面對的困境， 解答就在性別平等中。

Let me explain.

讓我解釋一下。

For the last few years,

過去幾年，

I have been working on an effort called "Project Drawdown."

我一直努力在進行 所謂的「減量計畫」。

Our team has scoured humanity's wisdom

我們的團隊搜括了人類的智慧，

for solutions to draw down heat-trapping, climate-changing emissions

提出解決方案來減少會吸熱、

在大氣中造成氣候變遷的 溫室氣體排放量——

in the atmosphere --

not "someday, maybe, if we're lucky" solutions,

不是「有一天，如果我們夠幸運， 也許吧」的解決方案，

the 80 best practices and technologies

八十項最好的做法和技術

already in hand:

已經掌握在手：

clean, renewable energy, including solar and wind;

乾淨可再生能源， 包括太陽能和風力發電；

green buildings, both new and retrofitted;

綠色建築，包括全新的和翻新的；

efficient transportation from Brazil to China;

在巴西及中國等地的節能運輸；

thriving ecosystems through protection and restoration;

透過保護和恢復來提振生態系統；

reducing waste and reclaiming its value;

減少廢物並回收利用其價值；

growing food in good ways that regenerates soil;

用能讓土壤再生的 好方法來種植食物；

shifting diets to less meat, more plants;

轉變飲食，減少肉類，增加蔬食；

and equity for women and girls.

以及女人和女孩的平等。

Gender and climate are inextricably linked.

性別和氣候有著分不開的連結。

Drawing down emissions depends on rising up.

減少排放要仰賴興起。

First, a bit of context.

首先，先說一下情境。

We are in a situation of urgency, severity and scope

我們所處的情況很緊急、很嚴重，

never before faced by humankind.

且這個規模是人類 以前從未面對過的。

So far, our response isn't anywhere close to adequate.

目前，我們的因應措施 離適當還很遠。

But you already know that.

但你們已經知道這些了。

You know it in your gut,

你們打從心底，

in your bones.

從骨子裡都知道。

We are each part of the planet's living systems,

我們都是地球生命系統的一部分，

knitted together with almost 7.7 billion human beings

和近七十七億人類

and 1.8 million known species.

及一千八百萬種 已知物種接合在一起。

We can feel the connections between us.

我們能夠感覺到我們之間的連結。

We can feel the brokenness

我們能夠感覺到破碎，

and the closing window to heal it.

以及關上窗戶來治癒它。

This earth, our home,

地球，我們的家園，

is telling us that a better way of being must emerge, and fast.

正在告訴我們必須要找到 更好的生活方式，且要快點找到。

In my experience, to have eyes wide open

根據我的經驗，睜大眼睛

is to hold a broken heart every day.

就是每天都要抱持著破碎的心。

It's a grief that I rarely speak,

我很少去談這種傷痛，

though my work calls on the power of voice.

雖然我的工作需要發聲的力量。

I remind myself that the heart can simply break, or it can break open.

我提醒我自己， 心可以單純只是破碎，

但它也可以「破開」。

A broken-open heart is awake and alive and calls for action.

破開的心是清醒的， 活著的，會要求採取行動。

It is regenerative, like nature,

它和自然一樣，能夠再生，

reclaiming ruined ground, growing anew.

恢復已毀壞的土地，重新生長。

Life moves inexorably toward more life,

生命會朝向更多的生命 前進，無法阻擋，

toward healing,

朝向治癒前進，朝向完整前進。

toward wholeness.

That's a fundamental ecological truth.

那是最根本的生態真相。

And we, all of us,

而我們，我們所有人，

we are life force.

我們是生命力。

On the face of it, the primary link between women, girls and a warming world

從表面來看，女子、女孩， 和暖化世界之間的主要連結

is not life but death.

不是生命，而是死亡。

Awareness is growing that climate impacts hit women and girls hardest,

越來越多人意識到，受氣候衝擊 最大的人是女子和女孩，

given existing vulnerabilities.

因為她們現在就十分脆弱。

There is greater risk of displacement,

她們流離失所的風險更高，

higher odds of being injured or killed during a natural disaster.

在天然災害中受傷 或死亡的可能性更高。

Prolonged drought can precipitate early marriage

延長的乾旱可能會造成早婚，

as families contend with scarcity.

因為家庭要在匱乏的情況下奮鬥。

Floods can force last-resort prostitution

水災可能會強迫女子 用賣淫當作最後的手段，

as women struggle to make ends meet.

因為她們已經快無法 保持收支平衡。

The list goes on and goes wide.

這份清單又長又廣。

These dynamics are most acute under conditions of poverty,

在貧窮的情況下， 這些動態是最嚴重的，

from New Orleans to Nairobi.

從紐奧良到奈洛比都是如此。

Too often, the story ends here.

太多故事就終止在這裡。

But not today.

但今天不會如此。

Another empowering truth begs to be seen.

還有一個能夠賦權的 真相等著被看見。

If we gain ground on gender equity,

如果我們能在性別 平等上有所進展，

we also gain ground on addressing global warming.

我們也就能夠在全球暖化 問題的處理上有所進展。

This connection comes to light in three key areas,

這個連結關係在三個 關鍵領域中顯露出來，

three areas where we can secure the rights of women and girls,

我們可以在這三個領域中 確保女人和女孩的權利，

shore up resilience

增強恢復力，

and avert emissions at the same time.

同時避免排放。

Women are the primary farmers of the world.

世界上的農夫以女性居多。

They produce 60 to 80 percent of food in lower-income countries,

在低收入國家，60%~80% 的 食物是由女性生產的，

often operating on fewer than five acres.

使用的面積通常不到五英畝。

That's what the term "smallholder" means.

「小農」一詞就是這個意思。

Compared with men, women smallholders have less access to resources,

和男性相比，女性小農 能取得的資源比較少，

including land rights,

包括土地權、

credit and capital, training,

信用和資本、訓練、

tools and technology.

工具和技術。

They farm as capably and efficiently as men,

她們務農的能力和效率不輸給男性，

but this well-documented disparity in resources and rights

但在文獻中有明確記載， 因為資源和權利的不同，

means women produce less food on the same amount of land.

在同樣大小的面積上， 女性的產量不如男性。

Close those gaps,

若能解決這些差異，

and farm yields rise by 20 to 30 percent.

農田的產量就能提升 20%~30%。

That means 20 to 30 percent more food from the same garden or the same field.

那就表示，同樣的園地或田地， 能產出的食物多了 20%~30%。

The implications for hunger, for health, for household income --

這在饑荒、健康、 家庭收入上的意涵——

they're obvious.

是很明顯的。

Let's follow the thread to climate.

我們順著這個脈絡來談氣候。

We humans need land to grow food.

我們人類需要土地來種植食物。

Unfortunately, forests are often cleared to supply it,

不幸的是，要供應土地， 通常會需要將森林清理掉，

and that causes emissions from deforestation.

那就會造成砍伐森林的排放。

But if existing farms produce enough food,

但，如果既有的農田 能產出足夠的食物，

forests are less likely to be lost.

就比較不會失去森林。

So there's a ripple effect.

這就是一個漣漪效應。

Support women smallholders,

支持女性小農，

realize higher yields,

實現更高的產量，

avoid deforestation

避免砍伐森林，

and sustain the life-giving power of forests.

讓森林能繼續維持 產生生命的力量。

Project Drawdown estimates that addressing inequity in agriculture

減量計畫估計， 若能處理農業上的不平等，

could prevent two billion tons of emissions between now and 2050.

從現在到 2050 年間， 可以預防二十億噸的排放。

That's on par with the impact household recycling can have globally.

那等同於全球家庭回收 所能產生的影響。

Addressing this inequity can also help women cope

處理這種不平等也能協助女性，

with the challenges of growing food

在氣候變遷時， 對付種植食物的挑戰。

as the climate changes.

There is life force in cultivation.

耕種是有生命力的。

At last count,

根據最後的資料，

130 million girls are still denied their basic right to attend school.

一億三千萬名女孩仍然沒有 上學的基本權利。

Gaps are greatest in secondary school classrooms.

中等學校教室的落差最大。

Too many girls are missing a vital foundation for life.

太多女孩錯失了人生的重要基礎。

Education means better health for women and their children,

教育表示女性及她們的 孩子能有更好的健康，

better financial security,

更好的財務狀況，

greater agency at home and in society,

在家和在社會上都有更好的作用，

more capacity to navigate a climate-changing world.

也能更有在氣候變遷的 世界上生存的能力。

Education can mean options, adaptability, strength.

教育可能意味著 選擇權、適應、力量。

It can also mean lower emissions.

也可能意著較低的排放。

For a variety of reasons,

基於許多理由，

when we have more years of education,

當我們受教育的年限越長，

we typically choose to marry later

我們通常會選擇較晚結婚，

and to have fewer children.

生的孩子數亦較少。

So our families end up being smaller.

所以我們的家庭最後會比較小。

What happens at the individual level adds up across the world and over time.

把全球、各時間的個人層級 加在一起，會如何。

One by one by one,

一個、一個加起來，

the right to go to school impacts how many human beings live on this planet

上學的權利會影響到 地球上住多少人，

and impacts its living systems.

也會影響地球的生命系統。

That's not why girls should be educated.

那並不是女孩應該受教育的原因。

It's one meaningful outcome.

那是一個有意義的結果。

Education is one side of a coin.

教育是硬幣的一面。

The other is family planning:

另一面是家庭規劃：

access to high-quality, voluntary reproductive health care.

取得高品質、自願性的生殖照護。

To have children by choice rather than chance

生孩子是因為 選擇要生而不是意外，

is a matter of autonomy and dignity.

這是自主和尊嚴的問題。

Yet in the US,

但，在美國，

45 percent of pregnancies are unintended.

45% 的懷孕不是計畫中的。

Two hundred and fourteen million women in lower-income countries

在低收入國家， 有兩億一千四百萬名女性

say they want to decide whether and when to become pregnant

說她們想要能夠決定 是否／何時懷孕，

but aren't using contraception.

卻沒有避孕。

Listening to women's needs,

傾聽女性的需求，

addressing those needs,

處理那些需求，

advancing equity and well-being:

改善平等和幸福：

those must be the aims of family planning, period.

家庭規劃必須要有這些，就這樣。

Curbing the growth of our human population

控制人類人口的成長

is a side effect, though a potent one.

是邊際效應，但是 是很有影響力的邊際效應。

It could dramatically reduce demand for food, transportation, electricity,

它能夠大大減少許多面向的 需求，包括食物、交通、

電力、建築、商品， 以及所有其他的，

buildings, goods and all the rest,

thereby reducing emissions.

因此就能減少排放。

Close the gaps on access to education and family planning,

解決在取得教育 和家庭規劃上的落差，

and by mid-century, we may find one billion fewer people inhabiting earth

到了這個世紀中，地球上的居民數

就會比我們什麼 都不做的情況減少十億人。

than we would if we do nothing more.

According to Project Drawdown,

根據減量計畫，

one billion fewer people could mean we avoid

減少十億人就可能意味著我們可以

nearly 120 billion tons of emissions.

避免近一千兩百億噸的排放。

At that level of impact,

有那種程度的影響，

gender equity is a top solution to restore a climate fit for life.

性別平等是讓氣候能恢復到 適合生命的最佳解決方案。

At that level of impact,

有那種程度的影響，

gender equity is on par with wind turbines

性平平等和風力渦輪、

and solar panels and forests.

太陽能板，以及森林都同等重要。

There is life force in learning

學習中是有生命力的，

and life force in choice.

選擇中是有生命力的。

Now, let me be clear:

讓我說清楚：

this does not mean women and girls are responsible for fixing everything.

這並不表示女人和女孩 要負責解決所有問題。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Though we probably will.

不過我們可能的確可以。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Equity for women in agriculture, education and family planning:

女性在農業、教育， 以及家庭規劃上的平等：

these are solutions within a system of drawdown solutions.

這些是在減量解決方案 系統中的解決方案。

Together, they comprise a blueprint of possibility.

它們結合在一起， 就能形成一張可能性的藍圖。

And let me be even clearer about this:

讓我再說更清楚一點：

population cannot be seen in isolation from production or consumption.

不能把人口和生產或消費分開來看。

Some segments of the human family cause exponentially greater harm,

人類家庭的某些部分 會造成更大的傷害，

while others suffer outsized injustice.

其他的則會遭受非常大的不公正。

The most affluent --

最富裕的人——

we are the most accountable.

我們是最應負責的。

We have the most to do.

大部分的事要由我們來做。

The gender-climate connection extends beyond negative impacts

性別—氣候的連結， 不只是負面的影響，

and beyond powerful solutions.

也不只是強大的解決方案。

Women are vital voices and agents for change on this planet,

在地球上，女性是 維持生命必要的聲音，

也是改變的動力，

and yet we're too often missing or even barred from the proverbial table.

但，我們太常被阻止 參與眾所皆知的事。

We're too often ignored or silenced when we speak.

當我們發言時，我們太常 被忽略或被迫沉默。

We are too often passed over

在做計畫或投資時，

when plans are laid or investments made.

我們太常被置之不理。

According to one analysis,

根據一項分析，

just 0.2 percent of philanthropic funds

只有 0.2% 的慈善基金

go specifically towards women and the environment,

專門提供給女性和環境，

merely 110 million dollars globally,

全球只有一億一千萬美金，

the sum spent by one man on a single Basquiat painting last year.

去年一個人買下巴斯奇亞的 一幅畫就花了這個數目。

These dynamics are not only unjust, they are setting us up for failure.

這些動態不僅不公正， 還會引領我們邁向失敗。

To rapidly, radically reshape society,

若要快速、徹底地重塑社會，

we need every solution and every solver,

我們需要每一個解決方案、 每一個解決者、

every mind,

每一個大腦、

every bit of heart,

每一份心、

every set of hands.

每一雙手。

We often crave a simple call to action,

我們通常都希望能很簡單地 呼籲大家採取行動，

but this challenge demands more than a fact sheet

但這項挑戰需要的不只是資料單張，

and more than a checklist.

不只是核對清單。

We need to function more like an ecosystem,

我們需要用比較類似 一個生態系統的方式來運作，

finding strength in our diversity.

在我們的多樣性中找到力量。

You know what your superpowers are.

你們知道你們的超能力是什麼。

You're an educator, farmer, healer, creator, campaigner, wisdom-keeper.

你們是教育家、農夫、治療師、

創造者、社會運動者、智慧守護者。

How might you link arms where you are

你要如何在你所在之處連結大家，

to move solutions forward?

將解決方案向前推進？

There is one role I want to ask that all of you play:

我想要請所有人扮演一個角色：

the role of messenger.

使者的角色。

This is a time of great awakening.

是大覺醒的時候了。

We need to break the silence around the condition of our planet;

我們得要打破大家 對於地球狀況的沉默；

move beyond manufactured debates about climate science;

超越關於氣候科學的人為辯論；

share solutions;

分享解決方案；

speak truth with a broken-open heart;

用破開的心來說出真相；

teach that to address climate change, we must make gender equity a reality.

若要教導這些來處理氣候變遷， 我們就必須要實現性別平等。

And in the face of a seemingly impossible challenge,

在面對似乎不可能的挑戰時，

women and girls are a fierce source of possibility.

女人和女孩是可能性的強大來源。

It is a magnificent thing to be alive

在這麼關鍵的時刻，

in a moment that matters so much.

能夠活著是一件很偉大的事。

This earth,

這個地球，

our home,

我們的家園，

is calling for us to be bold,

需要我們鼓起勇氣，

reminding us we are all in this together --

提醒我們，大家都同在一條船上——

women, men,

女人、男人、

people of all gender identities,

各種性別認同的人、

all beings.

所有人類。

We are life force,

我們是生命力，

one earth,

一個地球，

one chance.

一個機會。

Let's seize it.

我們要抓住它。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）