Jeremy Jackson: How we wrecked the ocean

翻译人员: Sylvia Cao 校对人员: Annie Chen

I'm an ecologist,

我是一名生态学家，

mostly a coral reef ecologist.

主要是珊瑚礁生态学家。

I started out in Chesapeake Bay

我的研究工作起步于Chesapeake海湾

and went diving in the winter

我冬天出去潜水

and became a tropical ecologist overnight.

一夜之间成为一名热带生态学家

And it was really a lot of fun

这项工作充满了乐趣

for about 10 years.

前后大约十年

I mean, somebody pays you

我是说，有人付钱

to go around and travel

让你四处旅行

and look at some of the most

欣赏地球上

beautiful places on the planet.

风景最美的地方

And that was what I did.

那就是我的工作。

And I ended up in Jamaica,

最后我到了牙买加

in the West Indies,

在西印度群岛

where the coral reefs were really

那儿的珊瑚礁的确是

among the most extraordinary, structurally,

结构上最为奇特的

that I ever saw in my life.

为我平生所罕见

And this picture here,

这张照片

it's really interesting, it shows two things:

很有意思，它显示了两点。

First of all, it's in black and white

首先，它是黑白的

because the water was so clear

因为水是如此清澈

and you could see so far,

你可以看得很远

and film was so slow

曝光很慢

in the 1960s and early 70s,

那是六十年代和七十年代早期

you took pictures in black and white.

照片都是黑白的

The other thing it shows you

它显示的另外一点

is that, although there's this beautiful

纵然有这些

forest of coral,

美丽的珊瑚丛

there are no fish in that picture.

照片上却看不到鱼

Those reefs at Discovery Bay, Jamaica

牙买加 Discovery湾的那些珊瑚礁

were the most studied coral reefs

是全球过去的20年中

in the world for 20 years.

最受研究者关注的珊瑚礁

We were the best and the brightest.

当时我们是最优秀最杰出的

People came to study our reefs from Australia,

曾经有人从澳大利亚跑来研究我们的珊瑚礁

which is sort of funny

这多少有些滑稽

because now we go to theirs.

因为现在我们跑去研究他们的珊瑚礁

And the view of scientists

科学家们关于

about how coral reefs work, how they ought to be,

珊瑚礁的正常生长状态的观点

was based on these reefs

都建立在这些

without any fish.

不存在鱼类的珊瑚礁上

Then, in 1980,

然后，到了1980年

there was a hurricane, Hurricane Allen.

一场飓风袭来，飓风Allen

I put half the lab

我把半个实验室

up in my house.

搬到了我家里

The wind blew very strong.

狂风大作

The waves were 25

海浪高达25

to 50 feet high.

到50英尺

And the reefs disappeared, and new islands formed,

珊瑚礁消失了，新的岛屿形成了

and we thought, "Well, we're real smart.

我们想，“哦，我们真是太聪明了。

We know that hurricanes

我们知道飓风

have always happened in the past."

历来都在发生。”

And we published a paper in Science,

我们在《科学》杂志发表了一篇论文

the first time that anybody ever

那是第一次有人

described the destruction

描述珊瑚礁

on a coral reef by a major hurricane.

被一场大飓风毁灭的情景

And we predicted what would happen,

我们对未来作出了预测

and we got it all wrong.

结果我们全盘皆错

And the reason was

原因就是

because of overfishing,

过度捕捞

and the fact that a last common grazer,

还有就是最后一个食藻生物

a sea urchin, died.

海胆死了

And within a few months

海胆死后几个月之内

after that sea urchin dying, the seaweed started to grow.

海藻就开始生长

And that is the same reef;

那是同一个珊瑚礁

that's the same reef 15 years ago;

15年前的那个珊瑚礁

that's the same reef today.

这是今天的同一个珊瑚礁

The coral reefs of the north coast of Jamaica

牙买加北海岸的珊瑚礁

have a few percent live coral cover

还剩下百分之几的活珊瑚覆盖率

and a lot of seaweed and slime.

和大量的海藻及烂泥

And that's more or less the story

这大致就是

of the coral reefs of the Caribbean,

加勒比海珊瑚礁的故事

and increasingly, tragically,

并悲剧性地日益成为

the coral reefs worldwide.

全球珊瑚礁共同的命运

Now, that's my little, depressing story.

这就是我悲伤的小故事

All of us in our 60s and 70s

我们所有的人在六七十年代

have comparable depressing stories.

都有类似悲伤的故事

There are tens of thousands

成千上万个

of those stories out there,

这样的故事在流传着

and it's really hard to conjure up

让人很难唤起

much of a sense of well-being,

任何乐观的情绪

because it just keeps getting worse.

因为情况在日益恶化

And the reason it keeps getting worse

日益恶化的原因是

is that after a natural catastrophe,

在自然灾害过后

like a hurricane,

例如一场飓风

it used to be that there was

以前通常会有

some kind of successional sequence of recovery,

一连串的恢复过程

but what's going on now is that

但现在的情况是

overfishing and pollution and climate change

过度捕捞、污染和气候变化

are all interacting

彼此相互作用

in a way that prevents that.

阻止这一过程的发生

And so I'm going to sort of go through

因此我想梳理

and talk about those three

并谈论一下

kinds of things.

这三件事情

We hear a lot about

我们经常听到关于

the collapse of cod.

鳕鱼的灭绝

It's difficult to imagine that

我们很难想象

two, or some historians would say three world wars

两次，有些历史学家说三次

were fought during the colonial era

殖民时期的世界大战都是为了

for the control of cod.

争夺对鳕鱼的控制

Cod fed most of the people of Western Europe.

鳕鱼养活了大部分西欧人

It fed the slaves

也养活了

brought to the Antilles,

被遣送到安地列斯群岛上的奴隶

the song "Jamaica Farewell" --

有首歌叫“告别牙买加”

"Ackee rice salt fish are nice" --

"阿开果饭和咸鳕鱼很美味”

is an emblem of the importance

表明了来自加拿大东北部的

of salt cod from northeastern Canada.

咸鳕鱼的重要性

It all collapsed in the 80s and the 90s:

这一切都在八十和九十年代土崩瓦解

35,000 people lost their jobs.

35000人丢掉了工作

And that was the beginning

那仅仅是

of a kind of serial depletion

一系列枯竭的开始

from bigger and tastier species

从味道鲜美的大型种类

to smaller and not-so-tasty species,

到味道一般的小型种类

from species that were near to home

从家门口的种类

to species that were all around the world,

到全球各地的种类

and what have you.

你还剩下什么。

It's a little hard to understand that,

这可能不容易理解

because you can go to a Costco in the United States

因为你们可以在美国的Costco

and buy cheap fish.

买到便宜的鱼

You ought to read the label to find out where it came from,

你们应该阅读一下标签看它来自何处

but it's still cheap,

但鱼还是很便宜

and everybody thinks it's okay.

所有人都觉得没事

It's hard to communicate this,

这个信息很难传达

and one way that I think is really interesting

因此我认为一种有趣的方式是

is to talk about sport fish,

讨论一下垂钓运动

because people like to go out and catch fish.

因为人们喜欢出去钓鱼

It's one of those things.

就像这个

This picture here shows the trophy fish,

照片上显示的是获胜的鱼

the biggest fish caught

人们钓到的最大的鱼

by people who pay a lot of money

有人花了很多钱

to get on a boat,

开着船

go to a place off of Key West in Florida,

来到福罗里达州 Key West 附近的一个地方

drink a lot of beer,

喝很多啤酒

throw a lot of hooks and lines into the water,

往水里扔一大堆鱼钩和鱼线

come back with the biggest and the best fish,

结果钓到了最大最好的鱼

and the champion trophy fish

获奖的这条冠军鱼

are put on this board, where people take a picture,

就被摆到船上， 让人拍照

and this guy is obviously

显然这个家伙

really excited about that fish.

对那条鱼激动万分

Well, that's what it's like now,

好了，那就是眼下的情景

but this is what it was like in the 1950s

但这个是五十年代的情景

from the same boat in the same place

同样的船同样的地方

on the same board on the same dock.

同一个码头同一个船舷

The trophy fish

获胜的鱼

were so big

是那么大

that you couldn't put any of those small fish up on it.

那些小鱼根本没法比。

And the average size trophy fish

获胜的鱼的平均重量

weighed 250 to 300 pounds, goliath grouper,

在250到300磅之间，巨型鲈鱼

and if you wanted to go out and kill something,

你如果想外出捕捞点什么

you could pretty much count on

你几乎肯定可以

being able to catch one of those fish.

捕到一条那样的鱼

And they tasted really good.

而且味道极其鲜美

And people paid less in 1950 dollars

人们在1950年捕捞大鱼

to catch that

所花的钱

than what people pay now

比现在抓小鱼

to catch those little, tiny fish.

所花的钱还少

And that's everywhere.

到处都是如此

It's not just the fish, though,

不仅仅是鱼类

that are disappearing.

正在消失

Industrial fishing uses big stuff,

工业化捕捞用的是大家伙

big machinery.

大机器

We use nets that are 20 miles long.

我们使用20英里长的渔网

We use longlines

极长的鱼线

that have one million or two million hooks.

带有100万到200万个鱼钩

And we trawl,

我们使用拖网

which means to take something

那就是说使用一个

the size of a tractor trailer truck

牵引式挂车那么大的东西

that weighs thousands and thousands of pounds,

重达几千磅

put it on a big chain,

挂上巨大的链子

and drag it across the sea floor

从海底横扫而过

to stir up the bottom and catch the fish.

翻起海床来捕捉鱼类

Think of it as

可以把这想象成

being kind of the bulldozing of a city

推倒一座城市

or of a forest,

或者一个森林

because it clears it away.

因为一切被一扫而光

And the habitat destruction

那种栖息地的灭绝

is unbelievable.

简直令人难以置信

This is a photograph,

这是一张照片

a typical photograph,

一张典型的照片

of what the continental shelves

显示了全球

of the world look like.

大陆架的状况

You can see the rows in the bottom,

你们可以看到底部的条纹

the way you can see the rows

就好象你们能看到

in a field that has just been plowed

刚被犁过的

to plant corn.

玉米地

What that was, was a forest of sponges and coral,

那里曾经是海绵和珊瑚丛

which is a critical habitat

那是鱼类生长

for the development of fish.

至关重要的栖息地

What it is now is mud,

现在却成了泥土

and the area of the ocean floor

全球海底

that has been transformed from forest

从丛林变为

to level mud, to parking lot,

停车场式泥地的海域

is equivalent to the entire area

相当于

of all the forests

人类历史上

that have ever been cut down

被砍伐的

on all of the earth

全球的

in the history of humanity.

所有森林的面积。

We've managed to do that

这一点我们是在

in the last 100 to 150 years.

过去100到150年间完成的

We tend to think of oil spills

我们总是想到石油泄漏

and mercury

或者水银

and we hear a lot about plastic these days.

现在人们也经常谈论塑料制品

And all of that stuff is really disgusting,

所有这些都很可恨

but what's really insidious

但真正隐伏的危险

is the biological pollution that happens

是生物污染

because of the magnitude of the shifts

来源于它对

that it causes

整个生态系统造成的

to entire ecosystems.

巨大的变迁

And I'm going to just talk very briefly

我只想简要地讨论

about two kinds of biological pollution:

两种生物污染

one is introduced species

一是入侵物种

and the other is what comes from nutrients.

另外一个来源于营养素

So this is the infamous

这就是臭名昭著的

Caulerpa taxifolia,

杉叶蕨藻

the so-called killer algae.

所谓的致命海藻

A book was written about it.

有整整一本书写的就是这个

It's a bit of an embarrassment.

实在是令人尴尬

It was accidentally released

它在偶然之间

from the aquarium in Monaco,

被从摩纳哥的一个水族馆释放出来

it was bred to be cold tolerant

它耐寒性强

to have in peoples aquaria.

用于装点水族馆

It's very pretty,

非常漂亮

and it has rapidly started

它开始迅速地

to overgrow

过度生长

the once very rich

侵占了一度

biodiversity of the

生物种类繁多的

northwestern Mediterranean.

地中海西北部

I don't know how many of you remember the movie

我不知道你们中间有多少人记得这部电影

"The Little Shop of Horrors,"

"异形奇花”

but this is the plant of "The Little Shop of Horrors."

这就是"异形奇花”中的植物

But, instead of devouring the people in the shop,

它没有吞噬小店里的人们

what it's doing is overgrowing

而是疯狂生长

and smothering

扼杀了

virtually all of the bottom-dwelling life

几乎所有的海底生物

of the entire northwestern

遍及整个

Mediterranean Sea.

地中海西北部

We don't know anything that eats it,

我们还未发现能够消灭它的东西

we're trying to do all sorts of genetics

我们在尝试各种基因工程

and figure out something that could be done,

来寻找解决办法

but, as it stands, it's the monster from hell,

但是，就目前来说，它就是来自地狱的恶魔

about which nobody knows what to do.

人们对它无能为力

Now another form of pollution

现在我们来看另一种污染

that's biological pollution

生物污染

is what happens from excess nutrients.

来源于过量的营养素

The green revolution,

绿色革命

all of this artificial nitrogen fertilizer, we use too much of it.

让我们过度使用人工氮肥

It's subsidized, which is one of the reasons we used too much of it.

政府补助，是我们过度使用的原因之一

It runs down the rivers,

它沿河流而下

and it feeds the plankton,

被浮游生物吸食

the little microscopic plant cells

就是那些极小的植物细胞

in the coastal water.

生长于沿海水域

But since we ate all the oysters

但是由于我们吃光了所有的牡蛎

and we ate all the fish that would eat the plankton,

和所有吞食这些浮游生物的鱼类

there's nothing to eat the plankton

没有生物再去吞食这些浮游生物

and there's more and more of it,

所以它们越长越多

so it dies of old age,

直到自然死亡

which is unheard of for plankton.

对浮游生物来说这是前所未有的

And when it dies, it falls to the bottom

死亡后它沉入水底

and then it rots,

然后腐烂

which means that bacteria break it down.

这就意味着细菌会将它分解

And in the process

在此过程中

they use up all the oxygen,

它们耗尽了所有的氧气

and in using up all the oxygen

在所有的氧气被耗尽之后

they make the environment utterly lethal

就给任何无法游走的生物

for anything that can't swim away.

造成一个完全致命的环境

So, what we end up with

最后我们所得到的

is a microbial zoo

就是一个微生物动物园

dominated by bacteria

被细菌所控制

and jellyfish, as you see

还有水母，你们看

on the left in front of you.

在你们的左前方

And the only fishery left --

仅存的一个渔场

and it is a commercial fishery --

商业渔场

is the jellyfish fishery

是个水母渔场

you see on the right, where there used to be prawns.

再看你们的右边，曾经有过对虾

Even in Newfoundland

甚至在纽芬兰岛

where we used to catch cod,

我们曾经捕捞鳕鱼的地方

we now have a jellyfish fishery.

现在也有一个水母渔场

And another version of this sort of thing

这类状况的另一个翻版

is what is often called red tides

就是我们经常所说的红潮

or toxic blooms.

即有毒水华

That picture on the left is just staggering to me.

这张照片简直触目惊心

I have talked about it a million times,

我已经谈论过无数次了

but it's unbelievable.

但它还是令人难以置信

In the upper right of that picture on the left

在左边那张照片的右上角

is almost the Mississippi Delta,

是密西西比三角洲

and the lower left of that picture

那张照片的左下角

is the Texas-Mexico border.

是德克萨斯和墨西哥交界处

You're looking at the entire

你们所看到的是整个

northwestern Gulf of Mexico;

墨西哥湾西北部

you're looking at one toxic

你们所看到的是一个有毒的

dinoflagellate bloom that can kill fish,

可以杀死鱼类的腰鞭毛虫水华

made by that beautiful little creature

就是那些漂亮的小生物

on the lower right.

在右下角

And in the upper right you see this

在右上角你们可以看到

black sort of cloud

黑色的云团

moving ashore.

向岸边移动

That's the same species.

那是同样的生物

And as it comes to shore and the wind blows,

当它飘到岸边，风开始刮起

and little droplets of the water get into the air,

小水珠进入空气

the emergency rooms of all the hospitals fill up

所有医院的急症室就挤满了

with people with acute respiratory distress.

急性呼吸窘迫症患者

And that's retirement homes

那是老人院

on the west coast of Florida.

在佛罗里达西海岸

A friend and I did this thing in Hollywood

我和一个朋友在好莱坞演讲

we called Hollywood ocean night,

我们称之为好莱坞海洋之夜

and I was trying to figure out how to

我在琢磨着怎样

explain to actors what's going on.

向演员们解释目前的状况

And I said,

我说，

"So, imagine you're in a movie called 'Escape from Malibu'

“好的，想象你身处一部叫做‘逃离马里布海滩’的电影

because all the beautiful people have moved

因为所有的俊男美女都

to North Dakota, where it's clean and safe.

搬到了干净安全的北达科它州

And the only people who are left there

这儿剩下的

are the people who can't afford

都是那些没钱

to move away from the coast,

搬离海边的人

because the coast, instead of being paradise,

因为海边不再是天堂

is harmful to your health."

而会摧毁你的健康。”

And then this is amazing.

这又是触目惊心。

It was when I was on holiday last early autumn in France.

这是我去年初秋在法国度假时拍的

This is from the coast of Brittany,

这是布里特尼海岸

which is being enveloped

被覆盖在

in this green, algal slime.

一片绿色海藻泥下

The reason that it attracted so much attention,

它之所以引起这么多关注的原因

besides the fact that it's disgusting,

除了它确实极其恶心之外

is that sea birds flying over it

也是因为海鸟飞过时

are asphyxiated by the smell and die,

因臭味窒息而亡

and a farmer died of it,

有一个农民也这样死去，

and you can imagine the scandal that happened.

你们可以想象有此而滋生的丑闻

And so there's this war

一场战争

between the farmers

在农民

and the fishermen about it all,

和渔夫之间爆发

and the net result is that

最后的结果是

the beaches of Brittany have to be bulldozed of this stuff

布里特尼海滩必须定期地

on a regular basis.

铲除这些东西

And then, of course, there's climate change,

当然还有气候变化

and we all know about climate change.

我们都知道气候变化

I guess the iconic figure of it

我想最具标志性的形象就是

is the melting of the ice

就是北极海域

in the Arctic Sea.

冰层的融化

Think about the thousands and thousands of people who died

想想那成千上万个

trying to find the Northwest Passage.

为寻找西北航道而死去的人们

Well, the Northwest Passage is already there.

现在西北航道就在那里

I think it's sort of funny;

我觉得这有点滑稽

it's on the Siberian coast,

它地处西伯利亚海岸

maybe the Russians will charge tolls.

也许俄国政府应当征收过路费

The governments of the world

全世界的政府

are taking this really seriously.

都在严肃对待这件事情

The military of the Arctic nations

北极附近国家的军队

is taking it really seriously.

都在严肃对待这件事情

For all the denial of climate change

不管各国领导人

by government leaders,

如何否认气候变化

the CIA

美国中情局

and the navies of Norway

挪威海军

and the U.S. and Canada, whatever

美国和加拿大的海军，等等

are busily thinking about

都在忙着考虑

how they will secure their territory

如何从他们的角度

in this inevitability

在这个无法避免的情势下

from their point of view.

守住自己的地盘

And, of course, Arctic communities are toast.

当然，北极群落就完蛋了

The other kinds of effects of climate change --

气候变化的其它效应--

this is coral bleaching. It's a beautiful picture, right?

这是珊瑚白化。右边，是一张美丽的照片

All that white coral.

那么多白色的珊瑚

Except it's supposed to be brown.

只不过它们本来应该是棕色的。

What happens is that

事情的来由是

the corals are a symbiosis,

珊瑚是一种共生生物

and they have these little algal cells

有些微小的藻类细胞

that live inside them.

生存在其内部

And the algae give the corals sugar,

藻类为珊瑚提供糖分

and the corals give the algae

珊瑚为藻类提供

nutrients and protection.

养分和保护

But when it gets too hot,

但当温度过高时

the algae can't make the sugar.

藻类就无法制造糖分

The corals say, "You cheated. You didn't pay your rent."

珊瑚就说，”你这个骗子，你不交房租。“

They kick them out, and then they die.

于是就把它们赶出去，于是它们就死了。

Not all of them die; some of them survive,

不是所有都死；有些存活下来了。

some more are surviving,

还有更多的在存活着，

but it's really bad news.

但这确实是个坏消息。

To try and give you a sense of this,

让我试着帮助你们来感知一下，

imagine you go camping in July

想象你七月份去露营

somewhere in Europe or in North America,

在欧洲或者北美的什么地方

and you wake up the next morning, and you look around you,

第二天早上醒来，你环顾四周，

and you see that 80 percent of the trees,

发现百分之八十的树

as far as you can see,

在你视线所及范围内

have dropped their leaves and are standing there naked.

都已经掉光了树叶，光秃秃地立在那儿

And you come home, and you discover

你回到家，发现

that 80 percent of all the trees

北美和欧洲

in North America and in Europe

百分之八十的树

have dropped their leaves.

都已经掉光了它们的叶子

And then you read in the paper a few weeks later,

然后几个星期之后你在报纸上看到

"Oh, by the way, a quarter of those died."

噢，顺便说一下，四分之一的树都死了。

Well, that's what happened in the Indian Ocean

那就是印度洋所发生的状况

during the 1998 El Nino,

在1998年厄尔尼诺现象过程中，

an area vastly greater

在一个面积大大超过

than the size of North America and Europe,

北美和欧洲的区域

when 80 percent of all the corals bleached

百分之八十的珊瑚发生了白化

and a quarter of them died.

四分之一珊瑚死去。

And then the really scary thing

然而真正可怕的事情是

about all of this --

所有这些

the overfishing, the pollution and the climate change --

过度捕捞，污染，和气候变化

is that each thing doesn't happen in a vacuum.

每件事都并非发生在真空里，

But there are these, what we call, positive feedbacks,

但是因为存在着所谓的积极反馈

the synergies among them

它们之间的协同作用

that make the whole vastly greater

使得整体效应远远大于

than the sum of the parts.

局部的总和。

And the great scientific challenge

最大的科学挑战

for people like me in thinking about all this,

对于象我这样思考这些问题的人

is do we know how

就是我们是否知道如何

to put Humpty Dumpty back together again?

把摔碎的蛋形人重新修复？

I mean, because we, at this point, we can protect it.

我是说，因为我们现在还可以保护它。

But what does that mean?

但那意味着什么？

We really don't know.

我们真的不知道

So what are the oceans going to be like

那么在20或50年之后

in 20 or 50 years?

海洋会是一副什么景象？

Well, there won't be any fish

不会再有鱼

except for minnows,

除了一些小鲦鱼，

and the water will be pretty dirty,

海水会很肮脏

and all those kinds of things

所有那些东西

and full of mercury, etc., etc.

都充斥着水银，等等，等等

And dead zones will get bigger and bigger

死亡区域会越变越大

and they'll start to merge,

然后它们开始汇合

and we can imagine something like

于是我们可以想象类似

the dead-zonification

全球沿海地区的

of the global, coastal ocean.

划分出死亡区域。

Then you sure won't want to eat fish that were raised in it,

你肯定不会想吃那儿出产的鱼，

because it would be a kind of

因为那简直就是

gastronomic Russian roulette.

饮食的死亡赌博游戏

Sometimes you have a toxic bloom;

有时你会碰上有毒水华

sometimes you don't.

有时又没有

That doesn't sell.

那是不会有市场的

The really scary things though

但是真正可怕的

are the physical, chemical,

是正在发生的物理的，化学的

oceanographic things that are happening.

和海洋学的变化。

As the surface of the ocean gets warmer,

当海洋表面温度升高，

the water is lighter when it's warmer,

海水变轻，

it becomes harder and harder

海洋变得越来越

to turn the ocean over.

不易翻转。

We say it becomes

我们称之为

more strongly stratified.

越来越严重的层化

The consequence of that is that

其后果是

all those nutrients

所有的养分

that fuel the great anchoveta fisheries,

那些供给大型鳀鱼渔场，

of the sardines of California

加州沙丁渔场，

or in Peru or whatever,

秘鲁或其它地方渔场的养分

those slow down

都放慢了速度，

and those fisheries collapse.

那些渔场就倒闭了。

And, at the same time,

同时

water from the surface, which is rich in oxygen,

表面氧气充足的海水

doesn't make it down

无法下沉，

and the ocean turns into a desert.

海洋就变成了沙漠。

So the question is: How are we all

因此问题是：我们应该如何

going to respond to this?

对此作出应对？

And we can do

我们可以

all sorts of things to fix it,

做各种事情来进行补救，

but in the final analysis,

但最终，

the thing we really need to fix

我们最需要补救的

is ourselves.

是我们自己。

It's not about the fish; it's not about the pollution;

这不是鱼，不是污染；

it's not about the climate change.

也不是气候变化。

It's about us

而是我们自己。

and our greed and our need for growth

我们的贪婪和对增长的需求

and our inability to imagine a world

以及我们无法想象

that is different from the selfish world

一个不同于我们今天所生活的

we live in today.

自私的世界。

So the question is: Will we respond to this or not?

问题在于：我们是否将对此作出应对？

I would say that the future of life

我要说生命的未来

and the dignity of human beings

和人类的尊严

depends on our doing that.

取决于我们作出回应。

Thank you. (Applause)

谢谢。