Robert Ballard: Exploring the ocean's hidden worlds

翻译人员: Xiaoping Yan 校对人员: lin qiang

The first question is this.

请听第一个问题。

Our country has two exploration programs.

美国有两个探险计划。

One is NASA, with a mission to explore the great beyond,

一个是美国宇航局的，担负着探索来世、

to explore the heavens, which we all want to go to if we're lucky.

探索天堂的使命。要是幸运的话，我们都想去。

And you can see we have Sputnik, and we have Saturn,

你们可以发现，我们有人造地球卫星，我们有“土星”运载火箭，

and we have other manifestations of space exploration.

还有空间探险的其他证明。

Well, there's also another program,

噢，对了，在我们政府的另一个机构里，

in another agency within our government, in ocean exploration.

还有另外一个计划——海洋勘探。

It's in NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

海洋勘探由NOAA,也就是国家海洋与大气管理局负责。

And my question is this: "why are we ignoring the oceans?"

我的问题是：我们为什么忽视海洋？

Here's the reason, or not the reason, but here's why I ask that question.

理由是，或者不成其为理由，只是我为什么要问这个问题的理由。

If you compare NASA's annual budget to explore the heavens,

美国宇航局探测太空的年度预算

that one-year budget would fund NOAA's budget

与国家海洋与大气管理局的预算比起来，

to explore the oceans for 1,600 years.

足够海洋勘探计划进行1,600年。

Why? Why are we looking up? Is it because it's heaven?

为什么？为什么我们总是抬头望天？是因为天堂在上，

And hell is down here? Is it a cultural issue?

而地狱在下？这是一个文化问题吗？

Why are people afraid of the ocean?

为什么人们害怕海洋？

Or do they just assume the ocean is just a dark, gloomy place

或者，他们只是在推测，海洋不过是一个黑暗、沉闷、

that has nothing to offer?

没有什么东西可以给我们的地方？

I'm going to take you on a 16-minute trip on 72 percent of the planet, so buckle up.

我要带你们到占地球表面积百分之72的地方进行16分钟的旅行，好了，请系好安全带。

OK. And what we're going to do

很好。下面我们将要做的，

is we're going to immerse ourselves in my world.

就是要把我们自己沉浸在我的世界里。

And what I'm going to try -- I hope I make the following points.

而且我打算尝试，我希望解释以下几点。

I'm going to make it right now in case I forget.

我打算现在就解释，以免忘了。

Everything I'm going to present to you

我将要呈现到你们面前的一切，

was not in my textbooks when I went to school.

不在我念书时的教科书里。

And most of all, it was not even in my college textbooks.

尤其是，甚至不在我的大学教科书里。

I'm a geophysicist, and all my Earth science books when I was a student --

我是一个地球物理学者，我还是一名学生的时候，就学了所有的地球科学教科书，

I had to give the wrong answer to get an A.

为了得到一个A,我不得不给出一个错误的答案。

We used to ridicule continental drift. It was something we laughed at.

我们过去常常嘲笑大陆漂移说。那是我们曾经嘲笑的东西。

We learned of Marshall Kay's geosynclinal cycle, which is a bunch of crap.

我们学了马歇尔.凯的构造循环，那就是一派胡言乱语。

In today's context, it was a bunch of crap,

在今天的语境中，它是一派胡言。

but it was the law of geology, vertical tectonics.

但当时它就是地质学定律，即地壳垂直运动构造理论。

All the things we're going to walk through

在我们进行海洋探险和发现的

in our explorations and discoveries of the oceans

整个过程中，

were mostly discoveries made by accident.

大多数发现都是偶然得到的。

Mostly discoveries made by accident.

大多数发现纯系偶然。

We were looking for something and found something else.

我们在寻找某件东西，却发现了别的东西。

And everything we're going to talk about

而我们将要谈到的一切

represents a one tenth of one percent glimpse, because that's all we've seen.

不过是冰山一角，因为这就是我们所看到的全部。

I have a characterization.

我这儿有一个描绘。

This is a characterization of what it would look like if you could remove the water.

如果你能去掉水，它看起来就是这个样子。

It gives you the false impression it's a map.

你以为这是一张地图。

It is not a map.

这不是地图。

In fact, I have another version at my office

事实上，我办公室有另一个版本，

and I ask people, "Why are there mountains here, on this area here,

我会问大家：“为什么这片区域有山脉，

but there are none over here?" And they go, "Well, gee,

但这上方什么也没有哇？”他们会走上前，“什么？咦！

I don't know," saying,

不知道，”他们答道。

"Is it a fracture zone? Is it a hot spot?"

“这是一个断裂带吗？是一个热点吗？”

No, no, that's the only place a ship's been.

不，不，这只是一艘船所在的地方。

Most of the southern hemisphere is unexplored.

南半球大多数地方尚未勘探。

We had more exploration ships down there

库克船长时代去那些海域探险的船只

during Captain Cook's time than now. It's amazing.

比现在要多。这太令人吃惊了。

All right. So we're going to immerse ourselves

很好，现在我们要沉浸到

in the 72 percent of the planet because, you know,

占地球表面积72%的地方去了，你知道，

it's really naive to think that the Easter Bunny

认为复活节兔子会把所有的资源

put all the resources on the continents.

都放到欧洲，这种想法实在是太天真了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

You know, it's just ludicrous.

你知道，这简直是荒谬的。

We are always, constantly playing the zero sum game.

我们总是在不断地玩着零和游戏。

You know, we're going to do this, we're going to take it away from something else.

要知道，我们打算把它从某些别的东西上拿开。

I believe in just enriching the economy.

我相信，经济就要充实起来。

And we're leaving so much on the table, 72 percent of the planet.

而我们竟要把占地球表面积72%，如此巨大的版图，闲置起来。

And as I will point out later in the presentation,

同样地，在稍后的报告中，我将指出，

50 percent of the United States of America lies beneath the sea.

美利坚合众国的50%，躺在海底。

50 percent of our country that we own, have all legal jurisdiction,

对国家的这50%，我们有着全部的合法的管辖权，

have all rights to do whatever we want, lies beneath the sea

这片我们想干什么就干什么的版图，竟然躺在海底，

and we have better maps of Mars than that 50 percent.

因为我们有比这50%更好的火星地图！

Why? OK. Now, I began my explorations the hard way.

为什么？好了，现在，我开始了我艰难的探索之旅。

Back then -- actually my first expedition

回到那时——实际上，我的第一次探险

was when I was 17 years old. It was 49 years ago.

是在我17岁的时候。那是49年前。

Do the math, I'm 66. And I went out to sea on a Scripps ship

我算算，我现在是66岁了。那时我们乘着一艘小船出海，

and we almost got sunk by a giant rogue wave,

我们几乎在巨浪中沉没，

and I was too young to be -- you know, I thought it was great!

我的确是太年轻了，你知道，我觉得真是棒极了！

I was a body surfer and I thought, "Wow, that was an incredible wave!"

我是个冲浪运动员，这时我想，“哇，真是难以置信的大浪！”

And we almost sank the ship, but I became enraptured

我们差点把船弄沉，但我却为越来越多的探险而欣喜若狂。

with mounting expeditions. And over the last 49 years,

在过去的整整49年中，

I've done about 120, 121 -- I keep doing them -- expeditions.

我已进行了大约120次、121次探险，我没间断地在做这件事。

But in the early days, the only way I could get to the bottom

但早年，我能够去到海底的唯一途径

was to crawl into a submarine, a very small submarine,

就是爬进一艘潜艇，一艘很小的潜艇，

and go down to the bottom.

然后下到海底。

I dove in a whole series of different deep diving submersibles.

我潜过全部不同的深潜器。

Alvin and Sea Cliff and Cyana,

阿尔文号、海崖号和喜鹊号，

and all the major deep submersibles we have, which are about eight.

以及我们拥有的全部主要的深潜器，大约8艘。

In fact, on a good day, we might have four or five human beings

事实上，在一个风和日丽的日子，我们可能有四、五个人

at the average depth of the Earth --

在地球的平均深度上——

maybe four or five human beings out of whatever billions we've got going.

也许是几十亿人中的四、五个人开始行动了。

And so it's very difficult to get there, if you do it physically.

所以如果你真要行动，到那儿去，那是非常困难的。

But I was enraptured, and in my graduate years

但我却喜不自胜，因为我毕业的年代

was the dawn of plate tectonics. And we realized

正处在板块构造学的萌芽期。那时我们意识到

that the greatest mountain range on Earth lies beneath the sea.

地球上最大的山脉躺在海底。

The mid-ocean ridge runs around like the seam on a baseball.

大洋中脊就像环绕在棒球上的接缝。

This is on a Mercator projection.

这是在墨卡托投影上。

But if you were to put it on an equal area projection,

但要是你要把它放到一个等积投影上，

you'd see that the mid-ocean ridge covers 23 percent

你就会发现，大洋中脊覆盖了

of the Earth's total surface area.

地球总表面积的23%。

Almost a quarter of our planet is a single mountain range

我们这个行星的几乎四分之一是一条单独的山脉，

and we didn't enter it until after Neil Armstrong

然而，直到尼尔.阿姆斯特朗

and Buzz Aldrin went to the moon.

和巴兹·奥尔德林登月之后，我们才进入这条山脉。

So we went to the moon, played golf up there,

所以，在去到我们自己的行星上最大的地貌之前，

before we went to the largest feature on our own planet.

我们就到了月球，在那上面玩高尔夫了。

And our interest in this mountain range, as Earth scientists in those days,

在那些日子里，做为地球科学家，我们之所以对于这条山脉感兴趣，

was not only because of its tremendous size, dominating the planet,

不仅由于它的在这个行星上硕大无朋，

but the role it plays in the genesis of the Earth's outer skin.

而且由于它在地球外壳的起源上所起的作用。

Because it's along the axis of the mid-ocean ridge

因为这条山脉的走向正沿着大洋中脊的轴线，

where the great crustal plates are separating.

在那儿，巨大的地壳板块正在分裂。

And like a living organism, you tear it open,

就像一个活体，你把它撕开，

it bleeds its molten blood, rises up to heal that wound

它流着炽热的鲜血，奋起治愈岩流圈的创伤，

from the asthenosphere, hardens, forms new tissue and moves laterally.

然后变硬，形成新的组织，再向两侧运动。

But no one had actually gone down

但没有人能真的下去，

into the actual site of the boundary of creation as we call it --

进入那个撕裂的边界的现场

into the Rift Valley -- until a group of seven of us

进入我们称为大裂谷的地方——

crawled in our little submarines in the summer of 1973, 1974

直到1973年和1974年的夏天，我们一行7人爬进小潜艇，

and were the first human beings to enter the Great Rift Valley.

于是，我们成为进入大裂谷的第一批人。

We went down into the Rift Valley.

我们潜到海底进入大裂谷，

This is all accurate except for one thing -- it's pitch black.

除了一件事——这里一片漆黑，一切都准确无误。

It's absolutely pitch black, because

这里是绝对的黑暗，

photons cannot reach the average depth of the ocean,

因为光子无法到达海洋的平均深度——

which is 12,000 feet. In the Rift Valley, it's 9,000 feet.

12,000英尺。大裂谷是9,000英尺。

Most of our planet does not feel the warmth of the sun.

地球的大部分地方感觉不到太阳的温暖。

Most of our planet is in eternal darkness.

我们行星的大部分区域处于永恒的黑暗中。

And for that reason, you do not have photosynthesis in the deep sea.

因此，在深海没有光合作用。

And with the absence of photosynthesis

由于没有光合作用，

you have no plant life, and as a result,

就没有植物，因此，

you have very little animal life living in this underworld.

也就极少有动物生活在这片深海中。

Or so we thought. And so in our initial explorations,

我们大概就是这样想的。所以在我们最初的探险中，

we were totally focused on exploring the boundary of creation,

我们把全部精力集中在勘测正在形成的边界上，

looking at the volcanic features running along that entire 42,000 miles.

研究贯穿整个42,000英里的火山地貌。

Running along this entire 42,000 miles

在这整个42,000英里的延伸线上，

are tens of thousands of active volcanoes.

是数以万计的活火山。

Tens of thousands of active volcanoes.

数以万计的活火山。

There are more active volcanoes beneath the sea

海底比陆上有

than on land by two orders of magnitude.

多两个数量级的活火山。

So, it's a phenomenally active region,

所以，这里显然是一个非常活跃的区域，

it's not just a dark, boring place. It's a very alive place.

而非一个黑暗乏味的地方。这是一个很有生气的地方。

And it's then being ripped open.

但那时，它正在被撕裂开。

But we were dealing with a particular scientific issue back then.

但回到那时，我们正涉及到一个特殊的科学问题。

We couldn't understand why you had a mountain under tension.

我们无法理解，为什么张力下会产生一座山脉。

In plate tectonic theory, we knew that if you had plates collide,

在板块构造理论中，我们知道，如果板块相撞，

it made sense: they would crush into one another,

这讲得通，它们会相互挤压进对方，

you would thicken the crust, you'd uplift it.

外壳会变厚，会抬高。

That's why you get, you know, you get seashells up on Mount Everest.

这就是为什么，你知道，你会在珠峰上捡到海贝的原因。

It's not a flood, it was pushed up there.

它不是因为洪水，它是被推上那儿的。

We understood mountains under compression,

我们理解挤压作用下的山脉，

but we could not understand why we had a mountain under tension.

但我们无法理解为什么张力下也会形成山脉。

It should not be. Until one of my colleagues said,

不应该是这样的。直到我的一位同事说，

"It looks to me like a thermal blister, and the mid-ocean ridge

“在我看来，这就像是一个热气泡，大洋中脊

must be a cooling curve." We said, "Let's go find out."

一定是一条冷却曲线。”我们说，“我们去找。”

We punched a bunch of heat probes. Everything made sense,

我们施放了大量探热仪。一切都顺理成章，

except, at the axis, there was missing heat. It was missing heat.

除了在轴线上有丢失热的现象外。它正在丢失热。

It was hot. It wasn't hot enough.

它是热的，但不够热。

So, we came up with multiple hypotheses:

所以我们提出了多种假设，

there's little green people down there taking it;

有小绿人在那儿带走了热。

there's all sorts of things going on.

各种各样的事情都在发生。

But the only logical [explanation] was that there were hot springs.

但唯一符合逻辑的解释还是热泉。

So, there must be underwater hot springs.

所以一定是有水下热泉。

We mounted an expedition to look for the missing heat.

我们进行了一次探险，以寻找丢失的热。

And so we went along this mountain range, in an area along Galapagos Rift,

因此，我们沿加拉帕哥斯裂谷区域中的这条山脉行进，

and did we find the missing heat.

终于发现了失踪的热。

It was amazing. These giant chimneys, huge giant chimneys.

太令人吃惊了。这些巨大的烟囱。巨大的烟囱。

We went up to them with our submersible.

我们乘潜艇到达这些烟囱上，

We wanted to get a temperature probe, we stuck it in there,

想去取一个温度传感器，我们把它插在那儿了。

looked at it -- it pegged off scale.

瞧这，已经超过读数了。

The pilot made this great observation: "That's hot."

驾驶员报告了这一伟大的观察：“它是热的！”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And then we realized our probe was made out of the same stuff --

这时我们意识到我们的探热仪都是同样的材料制造的——

it could have melted. But it turns out the exiting temperature

它可能已经熔化了。但这就证明了出口的温度

was 650 degrees F, hot enough to melt lead.

是650华氏度，这个热度足可熔化铅。

This is what a real one looks like, on the Juan de Fuca Ridge.

这是胡安.德.富卡洋中脊中的一个实例。

What you're looking at is an incredible pipe organ

你看到的是一个从海底伸出来的

of chemicals coming out of the ocean.

化学管，真是不可思议。

Everything you see in this picture is commercial grade:

这幅照片中你看见的一切都具有商业价值——

copper, lead, silver, zinc and gold.

铜、铅、银、锌和金。

So the Easter Bunny has put things in the ocean floor,

所以复活节兔子已经把东西放到了海底，

and you have massive heavy metal deposits

在这条山脉，

that we're making in this mountain range.

有含量丰富的重金属矿床。

We're making huge discoveries of large commercial-grade ore

沿着这条山脉，我们不断发现大量具有高商品等级的矿石，

along this mountain range, but it was dwarfed by what we discovered.

然而较之我们的发现，这不过是小巫见大巫而已。

We discovered a profusion of life,

我们在一个本不该存在生命的世界里，

in a world that it should not exist [in]. Giant tube worms, 10 feet tall.

发现了大量的生命。巨大的管虫，10英尺高。

I remember having to use vodka -- my own vodka -- to pickle it

记得当时我不得不用伏特加——我自己的伏特加——去腌它，

because we don't carry formaldehyde.

因为我们没有携带甲醛。

We went and found these incredible clam beds

在贫瘠的岩石表面，

sitting on the barren rock. Large clams,

我们发现了令人难以置信的蛤床——巨大的蛤，

and when we opened them, they didn't look like a clam.

接着，当我们把它们打开时，它们看上去却不像是蛤。

And when we cut them open, they didn't have the anatomy of a clam.

因为当我们把它们切开的时候，它们竟没有蛤的生理结构。

No mouth, no gut, no digestive system.

没有嘴，没有肠子，没有消化系统。

Their bodies had been totally taken over

它们的身体已整个的被

by another organism, a bacterium, that had figured out

另一个生物体——细菌接管，这就解决了一个问题：

how to replicate photosynthesis in the dark,

如何在黑暗中，通过我们现在叫做化学合成

through a process we now call chemosynthesis.

的过程代替光合作用。

None of it in our textbooks. None of this in our textbooks.

这当中没有哪种现象可以在我们的教科书里找到。

We did not know about this life system.

我们不知道这个生命系统。

We were not predicting it.

我们没有预言它的存在。

We stumbled on it, looking for some missing heat.

我们在寻找某种丢失的热的时候，无意中发现了它。

So, we wanted to accelerate this process.

所以我们想要加快这个过程。

We wanted to get away from this silly trip, up and down on a submarine:

我们想要结束这个乘着潜艇上上下下的愚蠢的旅行。

average depth of the ocean, 12,000 feet;

海洋的平均深度12,000英尺，

two and half hours to get to work in the morning;

早上去上班两个半小时。

two and half hours to get to home. Five hour commute to work.

回家两个半小时。在路上就花了5小时。

Three hours of bottom time, average distance traveled -- one mile.

3个小时在海底的时间，平均旅行距离——1英里。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

On a 42,000 mile mountain range. Great job security, but not the way to go.

42,000英里山脉，工作保障很大，但无路可去。

So, I began designing a new technology of telepresence,

所以我开始设计一种新的远程监控技术，

using robotic systems to replicate myself,

利用机器人系统来代替我自己，

so I wouldn't have to cycle my vehicle system.

这样我就不必重复操作我的潜水器。

We began to introduce that in our explorations,

我们开始在我们的探险中推广这一技术，

and we continued to make phenomenal discoveries

用我们的新机器人技术继续进行惊人的发现。

with our new robotic technologies. Again, looking for something else,

从大洋中脊的一个地方开向另一个地方，

moving from one part of the mid-ocean ridge to another.

再次出发去寻找新的东西。

The scientists were off watch and they came across incredible life forms.

科学家们没有值班的时候，却无意中发现了难以置信的生命形式。

They came across new creatures they had not seen before.

他们偶然发现了以前没有见过的新生物。

But more importantly, they discovered

但更重要的是，他们在那下面发现了

edifices down there that they did not understand.

自己也不能理解的“建筑群”。

That did not make sense. They were not above a magma chamber.

这很不合常理。它们不在岩浆房上面。

They shouldn't be there. And we called it Lost City.

它们不该在那儿的。我们叫它“失落城”。

And Lost City was characterized by these incredible limestone formations

而失落城是以这些不可思议的石灰石形态

and upside down pools. Look at that.

和颠倒的池塘为特征的。瞧这！

How do you do that? That's water upside down.

你怎么理解这个？这是颠倒的水。

We went in underneath and tapped it, and we found that it had the pH of Drano.

我们到下面抽样化验，发现它的pH值和Drano（译者注：一种以氢氧化钠为主成分的洗涤液）一样。

The pH of 11, and yet it had chemosynthetic bacteria living in it

pH值11，但里面有化学合成细菌在生长，

and at this extreme environment.

而且是在这样一种极端环境下生长。

And the hydrothermal vents were in an acidic environment.

而热泉就处于一种酸性的环境。

All the way at the other end, in an alkaline environment,

在另一端，自始至终都是一个碱性的环境，

at a pH of 11, life existed.

pH值11，里面有生命。

So life was much more creative than we had ever thought.

所以，生命的创造力实在是超乎我们的想象。

Again, discovered by accident. Just two years ago

又一次偶然的发现。就在两年前圣托里尼岛的活动结束的时候，

working off Santorini, where people are sunning themselves on the beach,

人们在沙滩上做日光浴，

unbeknownst to them in the caldera nearby,

他们不知道自己就在火山喷口附近，

we found phenomenal hydrothermal vent systems

我们发现了惊人的热泉系统

and more life systems.

和更多的生命系统。

This was two miles from where people go to sunbathe,

这里离人们日光浴的地方不过两英里，

and they were oblivious to the existence of this system.

但他们并未注意到这个系统的存在。

Again, you know, we stop at the water's edge.

当然，我们又在水边停下来。

Recently, diving off -- in the Gulf of Mexico, finding pools of water,

最近在墨西哥湾潜水，这次发现的水池

this time not upside down, right side up.

不是倒的，是正的。

Bingo. You'd think you're in air, until a fish swims by.

没错，你会感觉你好像飘在空中，直到一条鱼游过身边。

You're looking at brine pools formed by salt diapirs.

你看着刺穿盐丘形成的卤水池。

Near that was methane. I've never seen volcanoes of methane.

附近是甲烷。我从未见过甲烷火山。

Instead of belching out lava, they were belching out

不是喷出熔岩，而是喷出

big, big bubbles of methane. And they were creating these volcanoes,

很大很大的甲烷气泡。而它们正在创造这些火山，

and there were flows, not of lava,

这儿流动的，不是熔岩，

but of the mud coming out of the Earth but driven by --

而是来自地球内部，由（甲烷）驱动的泥浆，

I've never seen this before.

我以前从未见过这种现象。

Moving on, there's more than just natural history beneath the sea --

继续。海洋下面不仅仅有自然的历史，

human history. Our discoveries of the Titanic.

还有人类的历史。例如泰坦尼克号沉船的发现。

The realization that the deep sea is the largest museum on Earth.

其实，深海才是地球上最大的博物馆。

It contains more history than all of the museums on land combined.

它所包含的历史，比陆地上所有的博物馆合起来还要多。

And yet we're only now penetrating it.

然而，我们现在才刚刚认识到这一点。

Finding the state of preservation.

发现了这种保存状态。

We found the Bismarck in 16,000 feet. We then found the Yorktown.

我们在16,000英尺的地方发现了俾斯麦号战舰。然后又找到了约克城号航母。

People always ask, "Did you find the right ship?"

人们总是问，“你发现的就是那艘船吗？”

It said Yorktown on the stern.

据说约克城号是船头朝上的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

More recently, finding ancient history.

最近又发现了古代历史。

How many ancient mariners have had a bad day? The number's a million.

曾有过多少古代的航海者遭遇过不幸呢？一百万。

We've been discovering these along ancient trade routes,

我们一直在沿着古代贸易的航线寻找他们。

where they're not supposed to be.

他们不该在那儿的。

This shipwreck sank 100 years before the birth of Christ.

这艘遇难船沉没于公元前100年。

This one sank carrying a prefabricated, Home Depot Roman temple.

这艘沉船载着罗马神殿的组合构件。

And then here's one that sank at the time of Homer, at 750 B.C.

而这是一艘沉没于公元前750年荷马时代的遇难船。

More recently, into the Black Sea, where we're exploring.

我们最近进入了黑海探险。

Because there's no oxygen there, it's the largest reservoir

因为那里面没有氧气，是地球上最大的硫化氢水库。

of hydrogen sulfide on Earth. Shipwrecks are perfectly preserved.

所以遇难船只保存完好。

All their organics are perfectly preserved. We begin to excavate them.

船上所有的有机体都保存完好。我们开始发掘这些船只。

We expect to start hauling out the bodies in perfect condition with their DNA.

我们期待开始运出这些尸体，它们的DNA处于完好状态。

Look at the state of preservation --

看看这个保存状态。

still the ad mark of a carpenter. Look at the state of those artifacts.

木匠的广告标识都还在。看看那些史前古器物的状态。

You still see the beeswax dripping. When they dropped, they sealed it.

你还看得见黄蜡滴。滴上黄蜡时就把它密封起来了。

This ship sank 1,500 years ago.

这艘船沉没于1,500年前。

Fortunately, we've been able to convince Congress.

幸运的是，我们说服了国会。

We begin to go on the Hill and lobby.

我们继续在国会议员中游说。

And we stole recently a ship from the United States Navy.

我们最近意外地从美国海军搞到一艘船。

The Okeanos Explorer on its mission.

奥克阿诺斯探险家号。

Its mission is as good as you could get.

你差不多从名字就可以知道她的使命。

Its mission is to go where no one has gone before on planet Earth.

它的使命就是要到地球上以前从未有人去过的地方。

And I was looking at it yesterday, it's up in Seattle. OK.

昨天我看着她，她在西雅图准备就绪。OK。

(Applause)

（掌声）

It comes online this summer,

今年夏天她来到网上，

and it begins its journey of exploration.

并开始了她的探险之旅。

But we have no idea what we're going find when we go out there with our technology.

但我们不知道，以我们的技术力量，我们将会有什么样的发现。

But certainly, it's going to be going to the unknown America.

不过可以肯定的是，她将驶往未知的美国。

This is that part of the United States that lies beneath the sea.

也就是躺在海洋下面的那部分美国。

We own all of that blue and yet,

我们拥有这片蓝色的一切，但是，

like I say, particularly the western territorial trust,

就像我说的，尤其是西部的领土，

we don't have maps of them. We don't have maps of them.

我们没有它们的地图。我们没有它们的地图。

We have maps of Venus, but not of the western territorial trust.

我们有金星的地图但没有西部领土的地图。

The way we're going to run this -- we have no idea what we're going to discover.

我们打算进行这次探险，但不知道会有什么发现。

We have no idea what we're going to discover.

我们不知道会发现什么。

We're going to discover an ancient shipwreck, a Phoenician off Brazil,

我们将发现一艘古代遇难船，一个巴西海岸附近的腓尼基人，

or a new rock formation, a new life.

或者，一个新的岩层，一个新的生命。

So, we're going to run it like an emergency hospital.

所以，我们打算像一个急救中心一样来运作。

We're going to connect our command center,

我们打算把我们的指挥中心，经由高带宽的卫星信号，

via a high-bandwidth satellite link to a building we're building

连接到罗德岛大学的一座大厦，

at the University of Rhode Island, called the Interspace Center.

这座大厦尚在修建，名叫“内空间中心”。

And within that, we're going to run it just like you run a nuclear submarine,

我们打算像运行一艘核潜艇一样运行这个中心，

blue-gold team, switching them off and on, running 24 hours a day.

蓝金队，不时转换，全天候运行。

A discovery is made, that discovery is instantly seen

一旦有了发现，一秒钟后，这个发现立刻

in the command center a second later.

可以在指挥中心看见。

But then it's connected through Internet too --

而这时它也通过10千兆带宽的互联网

the new Internet highway that makes Internet one

被连接起来。

look like a dirt road on the information highway --

这条新的互联网高速公路使原来的互联网

with 10 gigabits of bandwidth.

看起来就像是信息高速公路上的一段土路。

We'll go into areas we have no knowledge of.

我们将进入我们还不了解的区域。

It's a big blank sheet on our planet. We'll map it within hours,

这是我们这个行星上的一个巨大的空白。我们将在数小时内为它绘制地图，

have the maps disseminated out to the major universities.

然后把地图散发给主要的高校。

It turns out that 90 percent of all the oceanographic intellect

结果证明，美国所有海洋学人才的90%

in this country are at 12 universities. They're all on I-2.

都在12所大学里。他们都是数一数二的顶尖人才。

We can then build a command center.

然后我们就可以建立一个指挥中心。

This is a remote center at the University of Washington.

这是设在华盛顿大学的远程中心。

She's talking to the pilot. She's 5,000 miles away, but she's assumed command.

她在对导航仪谈话。她远在5,000英里之外但她担任指挥。

But the beauty of this, too, is we can then disseminate it to children.

这个系统的卓越之处还在于，我们可以把它传播给孩子们。

We can disseminate.

我们能够传播。

They can follow this expedition. I've started a program --

他们可以跟随这个远征队。我已经开始了一个计划——

where are you Jim? Jim Young who helped me start a program

你在哪儿，吉米？吉米.扬协助开始了一个

called the Jason Project. More recently, we've started a program

叫做詹森计划的项目。我们最近同美国少男少女俱乐部开始了

with the Boys and Girls Clubs of America,

一项计划，

so that we can use exploration,

目的是使我们能够利用探险

and the excitement of live exploration, to motivate them and excite them

以及探险直播的兴奋，提高并刺激他们的学习欲望，

and then give them what they're already ready for.

然后把他们已经准备从事的东西给他们。

I would not let an adult drive my robot.

我不会让一个成人来操纵我的机器人。

You don't have enough gaming experience.

你没有玩游戏的丰富经验。

But I will let a kid with no license take over control of my vehicle system.

但我将让一个没有驾照的孩子来接管我的潜水器系统。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Because we want to create --

因为我们想要创造。

we want to create the classroom of tomorrow.

我们想要创造属于明天的教室。

We have stiff competition and we need to motivate and it's all being done.

我们有严酷的竞争，我们也需要激励，这是所有人都需要的。

You win or lose an engineer or a scientist by eighth grade.

你能否赢得一位工程师或一位科学家在8年级的时候就已经确定。

The game is not over -- it's over by the eighth grade, it's not beginning.

这个游戏不是结束。它在8年级就结束了——它不是开始。

We need to be not only proud of our universities.

我们不仅应该为我们的大学骄傲。

We need to be proud of our middle schools.

我们还应该为我们的中学骄傲。

And when we have the best middle schools in the world,

而且，我来告诉你们，当我们有了世界上最棒的中学的时候，

we'll have the best kids pumped out of that system, let me tell you.

我们也将拥有从这个系统中脱颖而出的最棒的孩子。

Because this is what we want. This is what we want.

因为这就是我们想要的。这是我们想要的。

This is a young lady, not watching a football game,

这是个小女孩，她不是在观看足球比赛，

not watching a basketball game.

也不是在观看篮球比赛。

Watching exploration live from thousands of miles away,

而是在观看数千英里之外的探险直播，

and it's just dawning on her what she's seeing.

而她正在逐渐理解她所看到的东西。

And when you get a jaw drop, you can inform.

在吃惊的同时，她也会学到很多。

You can put so much information into that mind, it's in full [receiving] mode.

你可以把如此大量的信息输入这个头脑，它处于完全吸收的模式。

(Applause)

（掌声）

This, I hope, will be a future engineer

我希望，这是一位为真理而战的未来工程师

or a future scientist in the battle for truth.

或是未来的科学家。

And my final question, my final question --

下面我要提最后一个问题，我的最后一个问题——

why are we not looking at moving out onto the sea?

为什么我们没看见进军海洋的行动？

Why do we have programs to build habitation on Mars,

为什么有在火星建立居住地的计划，

and we have programs to look at colonizing the moon,

而且我们有研究开拓月球殖民地的计划，

but we do not have a program looking at how we colonize our own planet?

但我们没有一个研究如何开拓我们自己的行星的计划？

And the technology is at hand.

而且技术是现成的。

Thank you very much.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）