Robert Ballard: Exploring the ocean's hidden worlds

97,764 views ใƒป 2008-05-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sungkyoon Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Kyungja Woo
00:18
The first question is this.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Our country has two exploration programs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒํ—˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
One is NASA, with a mission to explore the great beyond,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š˜ ์ € ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์„ธ์ƒ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ NASA์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
to explore the heavens, which we all want to go to if we're lucky.
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์šด์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:31
And you can see we have Sputnik, and we have Saturn,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šคํ‘ธํŠธ๋‹ˆํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ† ์„ฑ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”,
00:34
and we have other manifestations of space exploration.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฐ์ฃผํƒํ—˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Well, there's also another program,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:40
in another agency within our government, in ocean exploration.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด์–‘ ํƒํ—˜์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
It's in NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ๋…ธ์•„(NOAA), ์ฆ‰ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ•ด์–‘๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
And my question is this: "why are we ignoring the oceans?"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?"
00:53
Here's the reason, or not the reason, but here's why I ask that question.
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์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
If you compare NASA's annual budget to explore the heavens,
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:02
that one-year budget would fund NOAA's budget
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์ผ๋…„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ๋…ธ์•„(NOAA)๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์–‘์„ 1600๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
01:06
to explore the oceans for 1,600 years.
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ํƒํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋งž๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
Why? Why are we looking up? Is it because it's heaven?
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์™œ์ฃ ? ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒœ๊ตญ์ด๋ผ์„œ์š”?
01:16
And hell is down here? Is it a cultural issue?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์˜ฅ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์š”? ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ์ด์Šˆ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:19
Why are people afraid of the ocean?
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์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:21
Or do they just assume the ocean is just a dark, gloomy place
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ž€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์–ป์„๊ฒŒ ์—†๋Š”, ๋‹จ์ง€
01:27
that has nothing to offer?
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์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:29
I'm going to take you on a 16-minute trip on 72 percent of the planet, so buckle up.
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์ €๋Š” 16๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ง€๊ตฌ 72ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์•ˆ์ „๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งค์„ธ์š”.
01:35
OK. And what we're going to do
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ• ๊ฒƒ์€,
01:37
is we're going to immerse ourselves in my world.
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์ €์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
And what I'm going to try -- I hope I make the following points.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€์š”-- ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
01:42
I'm going to make it right now in case I forget.
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งํ• ๊ป˜์š”.
01:45
Everything I'm going to present to you
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
01:47
was not in my textbooks when I went to school.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—๋Š” ์—†๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
And most of all, it was not even in my college textbooks.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์žฌ์—์„œ ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
I'm a geophysicist, and all my Earth science books when I was a student --
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ณผํ•™ ์ฑ…๋“ค์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
01:59
I had to give the wrong answer to get an A.
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A๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋‹ต๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:03
We used to ridicule continental drift. It was something we laughed at.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ด๋™์„ ๋น„์›ƒ์—ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋†€๋ ค๋จน๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜€์ฃ .
02:06
We learned of Marshall Kay's geosynclinal cycle, which is a bunch of crap.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Marshall Kay์˜ ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ์‹ธ์ดํด์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ—›์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—์š”.
02:09
In today's context, it was a bunch of crap,
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์š”์ฆ˜์˜ ์ •ํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ—›์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ,
02:12
but it was the law of geology, vertical tectonics.
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์ง€์งˆํ•™๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ง€์งˆํ•™์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
All the things we're going to walk through
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ํ•ด์–‘์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํƒํ—˜๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:17
in our explorations and discoveries of the oceans
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
02:20
were mostly discoveries made by accident.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Mostly discoveries made by accident.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
02:26
We were looking for something and found something else.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:29
And everything we're going to talk about
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
02:31
represents a one tenth of one percent glimpse, because that's all we've seen.
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1ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์ฐฐ๋‚˜์˜ 10๋ถ„์˜ 1๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:37
I have a characterization.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:39
This is a characterization of what it would look like if you could remove the water.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
It gives you the false impression it's a map.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๋„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
02:45
It is not a map.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
02:47
In fact, I have another version at my office
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—๋Š” ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์ „์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:50
and I ask people, "Why are there mountains here, on this area here,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป์ฃ , "์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:55
but there are none over here?" And they go, "Well, gee,
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์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—†์ฃ ?" ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์Œ, ์˜ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ
02:58
I don't know," saying,
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”", ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
03:00
"Is it a fracture zone? Is it a hot spot?"
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"๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ๊ตฌ(ๆ–ทๅฃ)์ง€์—ญ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์—ด์ ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?" ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
No, no, that's the only place a ship's been.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ”๋˜ ๊ณณ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Most of the southern hemisphere is unexplored.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ๋Š” ํƒ์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
We had more exploration ships down there
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฟก์„ ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—
03:12
during Captain Cook's time than now. It's amazing.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํƒํ—˜์„ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
03:15
All right. So we're going to immerse ourselves
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ 72ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์†์œผ๋กœ
03:18
in the 72 percent of the planet because, you know,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ ธ๋„ฃ์„๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:21
it's really naive to think that the Easter Bunny
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๋ถ€ํ™œ์ ˆ์˜ ํ† ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์›์„ ์œก์ง€์—๋งŒ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
03:25
put all the resources on the continents.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ˆœ์ง„ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ž–์•„์š”.
03:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
03:30
You know, it's just ludicrous.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™์ฃ .
03:33
We are always, constantly playing the zero sum game.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ œ๋กœ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:38
You know, we're going to do this, we're going to take it away from something else.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—†์•จ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
03:41
I believe in just enriching the economy.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’์š”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์š”.
03:43
And we're leaving so much on the table, 72 percent of the planet.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ œ์—์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์™”๊ตฐ์š”. 72ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ์š”.
03:47
And as I will point out later in the presentation,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:49
50 percent of the United States of America lies beneath the sea.
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50ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
50 percent of our country that we own, have all legal jurisdiction,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€ํ•  ํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:58
have all rights to do whatever we want, lies beneath the sea
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ์˜ 50ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ยฅ
04:01
and we have better maps of Mars than that 50 percent.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ 50ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:05
Why? OK. Now, I began my explorations the hard way.
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์™œ์š”? ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ—˜๋‚œํ•œ ํƒํ—˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Back then -- actually my first expedition
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ ์ฒซ ์›์ •๊ธธ์€
04:15
was when I was 17 years old. It was 49 years ago.
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17์‚ด๋•Œ์ด์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”. 49๋…„์ „ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
Do the math, I'm 66. And I went out to sea on a Scripps ship
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๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” 66์‚ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋•Œ Scripps ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผํƒ€๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
and we almost got sunk by a giant rogue wave,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํŒŒ๋„๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์นจ๋ชฐํ•  ๋ป”ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
04:26
and I was too young to be -- you know, I thought it was great!
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑธ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ค์„œ, ๊ทธ์ € ๊ต‰์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:28
I was a body surfer and I thought, "Wow, that was an incredible wave!"
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋””์„œํผ(๋ณด๋“œ์—†์ด ํŒŒ๋„ํƒ€๋Š” ์„œํผ)์˜€๊ณ  ์ „ "์™€์šฐ, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํŒŒ๋„์˜€์–ด!" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:31
And we almost sank the ship, but I became enraptured
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์นจ๋ชฐํ• ๋ป” ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ํƒํ—˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
04:35
with mounting expeditions. And over the last 49 years,
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๋„์ทจ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 49๋…„๊ฐ„
04:38
I've done about 120, 121 -- I keep doing them -- expeditions.
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120, 121 ํšŒ ์ •๋„ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ตฌ์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
But in the early days, the only way I could get to the bottom
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
04:45
was to crawl into a submarine, a very small submarine,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•จ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ,
04:48
and go down to the bottom.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
I dove in a whole series of different deep diving submersibles.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ฌํ•ด ์ž ์ˆ˜์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Alvin and Sea Cliff and Cyana,
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Alvin ๊ณผ Sea Cliff ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Cyana,
04:54
and all the major deep submersibles we have, which are about eight.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  8๊ฐœ ์ •๋„์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์š” ์‹ฌํ•ด ์ž ์ˆ˜์žฅ๋น„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
In fact, on a good day, we might have four or five human beings
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šด ์ข‹์€ ๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ ๋Œ“๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
at the average depth of the Earth --
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๊นŠ์ด์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:06
maybe four or five human beings out of whatever billions we've got going.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ์ค‘์— 4,5๋ช… ์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
And so it's very difficult to get there, if you do it physically.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ยฉโ™ช
05:12
But I was enraptured, and in my graduate years
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์•˜๊ตฌ์š”, ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋Š”
05:18
was the dawn of plate tectonics. And we realized
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ํŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ง€์งˆํ•™์˜ ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:21
that the greatest mountain range on Earth lies beneath the sea.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ง€์š”.
05:23
The mid-ocean ridge runs around like the seam on a baseball.
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๋ฏธ๋“œ ์˜ค์…˜ ์‚ฐ๋งฅ(Mid Ocean Ridge) ๋Š” ์•ผ๊ตฌ๊ณต ์œ„์˜ ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋น™ ๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
This is on a Mercator projection.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉ”๋ฅด์นดํ† ๋ฅด ํˆฌ์ƒ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
But if you were to put it on an equal area projection,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฉด์ ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด,
05:31
you'd see that the mid-ocean ridge covers 23 percent
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๋ฏธ๋“œ ์˜ค์…˜ ์‚ฐ๋งฅ(Mid Ocean Ridge)์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ด ๋ฉด์ ์˜
05:34
of the Earth's total surface area.
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23ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ๋Š” ๋ฉด์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
Almost a quarter of our planet is a single mountain range
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ 4๋ถ„์— 1์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์ด๊ณ ,
05:39
and we didn't enter it until after Neil Armstrong
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Neil Armstrong ๊ณผ Buzz Aldrin ์ด ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„๊นŒ์ง€๋„
05:41
and Buzz Aldrin went to the moon.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
So we went to the moon, played golf up there,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ”๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณจํ”„๋ฅผ ์ณค์ง€์š”.
05:45
before we went to the largest feature on our own planet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:50
And our interest in this mountain range, as Earth scientists in those days,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:53
was not only because of its tremendous size, dominating the planet,
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:56
but the role it plays in the genesis of the Earth's outer skin.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์‹œ์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Because it's along the axis of the mid-ocean ridge
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐํŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
06:01
where the great crustal plates are separating.
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mid-ocean ridge ์ถ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
And like a living organism, you tear it open,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด๋ฉด,
06:06
it bleeds its molten blood, rises up to heal that wound
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๋…น์•„๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ํ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
06:09
from the asthenosphere, hardens, forms new tissue and moves laterally.
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์ƒ๋ฌด๋งจํ‹€๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Ÿ์•„์˜ฌ๋ผ ๊ตณ์–ด์ ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
But no one had actually gone down
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
06:16
into the actual site of the boundary of creation as we call it --
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์†Œ์œ„ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๊ทธ ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ,
06:19
into the Rift Valley -- until a group of seven of us
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๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ(Rift Valley)๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ 7๋ช…์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด
06:21
crawled in our little submarines in the summer of 1973, 1974
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1973๋…„ 1974๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ์ž‘์€ ์ž ์ˆ˜์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋“ค์–ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:26
and were the first human beings to enter the Great Rift Valley.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ ๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Great Rift Valley)์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
We went down into the Rift Valley.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”๊ณ 
06:31
This is all accurate except for one thing -- it's pitch black.
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์น ํ‘๊ฐ™์ด ์–ด๋‘ก๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •ํ™•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
It's absolutely pitch black, because
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์–ด๋‘ ์ธ๋ฐ ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด,
06:36
photons cannot reach the average depth of the ocean,
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๋น›์˜ ์ž…์ž(๊ด‘์ž)๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์–‘์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๊นŠ์ด์ธ 12000 ํ”ผํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
which is 12,000 feet. In the Rift Valley, it's 9,000 feet.
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๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ ๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 9000 ํ”ผํŠธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Most of our planet does not feel the warmth of the sun.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์—ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Most of our planet is in eternal darkness.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์˜์›ํ•œ ์•”ํ‘์†์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
And for that reason, you do not have photosynthesis in the deep sea.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์†์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
And with the absence of photosynthesis
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:54
you have no plant life, and as a result,
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์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์—†๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ
06:56
you have very little animal life living in this underworld.
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์ด ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
Or so we thought. And so in our initial explorations,
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ํƒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
we were totally focused on exploring the boundary of creation,
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๊ทธ ์ฒซ ํƒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:06
looking at the volcanic features running along that entire 42,000 miles.
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์ „์ฒด 42000๋งˆ์ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
Running along this entire 42,000 miles
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์ด 42000๋งˆ์ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
07:15
are tens of thousands of active volcanoes.
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์ˆ˜๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™œํ™”์‚ฐ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
Tens of thousands of active volcanoes.
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™œํ™”์‚ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
There are more active volcanoes beneath the sea
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘์—๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ™œํ™”์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:22
than on land by two orders of magnitude.
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๋•…์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ์š”.
07:24
So, it's a phenomenally active region,
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๊ฒฝ์ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ฉฐ,
07:26
it's not just a dark, boring place. It's a very alive place.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. ๋งค์šฐ ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐฌ ์žฅ์†Œ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:31
And it's then being ripped open.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐข์–ด์ ธ์„œ ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:33
But we were dealing with a particular scientific issue back then.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:36
We couldn't understand why you had a mountain under tension.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ ์‚ฐ์ด ์žฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:39
In plate tectonic theory, we knew that if you had plates collide,
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ํŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ก ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋“ฏ์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ํŒ๋“ค์„ ์ถฉ๋Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด,
07:42
it made sense: they would crush into one another,
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๊ทธ ํŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€์…”์ ธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ ,
07:45
you would thicken the crust, you'd uplift it.
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๊ป์งˆ์„ ๋‘๊ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ„๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
That's why you get, you know, you get seashells up on Mount Everest.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์—๋ฒ ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ์‚ฐ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์กฐ๊ฐœ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
It's not a flood, it was pushed up there.
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ํ™์ˆ˜๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ€๋ ค์˜ฌ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
We understood mountains under compression,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์ด ์••์ถ•๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
but we could not understand why we had a mountain under tension.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™œ ์žฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:57
It should not be. Until one of my colleagues said,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ๋ง์ด๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:00
"It looks to me like a thermal blister, and the mid-ocean ridge
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"๋‚ด๋ˆˆ์—” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์—ด ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ™์•„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋“œ ์˜ค์…˜ ์‚ฐ๋งฅ(Mid Ocean Ridge)๋Š”
08:02
must be a cooling curve." We said, "Let's go find out."
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๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์ปค๋ธŒ์ž„์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์–ด." ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "๊ฐ€์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด์ž."
08:05
We punched a bunch of heat probes. Everything made sense,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ด ํƒ์นจ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์„ ์‹ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:08
except, at the axis, there was missing heat. It was missing heat.
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๊ทธ ์ถ•์—์„œ ์—ด์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์˜ˆ์™ธ์˜€์–ด์š”. ์—ด์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ชจ์ž๋ž์–ด์š”.
08:11
It was hot. It wasn't hot enough.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์› ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋œจ๊ฒ์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
08:13
So, we came up with multiple hypotheses:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋†“๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:15
there's little green people down there taking it;
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๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์—ด์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…น์ƒ‰์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
there's all sorts of things going on.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
But the only logical [explanation] was that there were hot springs.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ์˜จ์ฒœ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
So, there must be underwater hot springs.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์‹ฌํ•ด ์˜จ์ฒœ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:23
We mounted an expedition to look for the missing heat.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ด์†์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
08:25
And so we went along this mountain range, in an area along Galapagos Rift,
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๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค ๋‹จ์ธต์ด ์ด์–ด์ง„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ด ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ”๊ณ ,
08:30
and did we find the missing heat.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์—ด์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
It was amazing. These giant chimneys, huge giant chimneys.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตด๋š๋“ค. ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ตด๋š๋“ค.
08:36
We went up to them with our submersible.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ ์œ„๋กœ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•จ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
We wanted to get a temperature probe, we stuck it in there,
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์—ดํƒ์นจ์„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์„œ,
08:40
looked at it -- it pegged off scale.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ƒ์ƒ์ด์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:42
The pilot made this great observation: "That's hot."
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์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ•œ๋งˆ๋”” ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "์ฃฝ์ด๋Š”๋ฐ"
08:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
08:46
And then we realized our probe was made out of the same stuff --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒ์นจ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
08:49
it could have melted. But it turns out the exiting temperature
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋…น์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์˜จ๋„๋Š”
08:51
was 650 degrees F, hot enough to melt lead.
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ํ™”์”จ 650๋„๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ฉ์„ ๋…น์ด๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์˜จ๋„์ฃ .
08:54
This is what a real one looks like, on the Juan de Fuca Ridge.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™˜๋“œํ“จ์นด ์‚ฐ๋งฅ(Juan de Fuca Ridge)์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
08:57
What you're looking at is an incredible pipe organ
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€์–‘ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”
08:59
of chemicals coming out of the ocean.
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ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฐ„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
Everything you see in this picture is commercial grade:
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ๊ธ‰ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜
09:03
copper, lead, silver, zinc and gold.
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๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ, ๋‚ฉ, ์€, ์•„์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
So the Easter Bunny has put things in the ocean floor,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถ€ํ™œ์ ˆ ํ† ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท์†์— ๋‘์—ˆ๊ณ ,
09:09
and you have massive heavy metal deposits
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์—์„œ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜
09:11
that we're making in this mountain range.
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์ค‘๊ธˆ์† ์ €์žฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
We're making huge discoveries of large commercial-grade ore
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ,
09:16
along this mountain range, but it was dwarfed by what we discovered.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
We discovered a profusion of life,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜
09:22
in a world that it should not exist [in]. Giant tube worms, 10 feet tall.
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์—„์ฒญ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์ด์•ˆํŠธ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋Š” 10ํ”ผํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
I remember having to use vodka -- my own vodka -- to pickle it
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ ๋ณด๋“œ์นด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
because we don't carry formaldehyde.
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ํฌ๋ฆ„์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:31
We went and found these incredible clam beds
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋“ค์ด
09:33
sitting on the barren rock. Large clams,
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๋ฐ”์œ„ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. - ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐœ๋“ค,
09:36
and when we opened them, they didn't look like a clam.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์กฐ๊ฐœ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
09:39
And when we cut them open, they didn't have the anatomy of a clam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ž˜๋ผ ์—ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์กฐ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
09:42
No mouth, no gut, no digestive system.
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์ž…๋„, ์œ„๋„, ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ๊ด€๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
Their bodies had been totally taken over
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชธ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด,
09:47
by another organism, a bacterium, that had figured out
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
09:50
how to replicate photosynthesis in the dark,
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์–ด๋‘ ์†์—์„œ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
09:53
through a process we now call chemosynthesis.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
None of it in our textbooks. None of this in our textbooks.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š๊ฒƒ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
We did not know about this life system.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
We were not predicting it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
We stumbled on it, looking for some missing heat.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ์‹ค๋œ ์—ด์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ž๊พธ ์ง€์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
So, we wanted to accelerate this process.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์— ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
We wanted to get away from this silly trip, up and down on a submarine:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•จ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฝ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
average depth of the ocean, 12,000 feet;
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๋Œ€์–‘์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊นŠ์ด๋Š” 12000ํ”ผํŠธ์ด๊ณ ,
10:14
two and half hours to get to work in the morning;
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์•„์นจ์— ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
two and half hours to get to home. Five hour commute to work.
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๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ตฌ์š”. ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์— ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ 5์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
Three hours of bottom time, average distance traveled -- one mile.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 3์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  ์ด๋™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1๋งˆ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
10:24
On a 42,000 mile mountain range. Great job security, but not the way to go.
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42000๋งˆ์ผ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์ด์˜ˆ์š”. ์ง์—…์€ ๋ณด์žฅ์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋ก  ์•ˆ๋  ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:28
So, I began designing a new technology of telepresence,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์›๊ฒฉํ˜„์กด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
using robotic systems to replicate myself,
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์ œ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•  ๋กœ๋ด‡์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
10:34
so I wouldn't have to cycle my vehicle system.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ด๋™์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:37
We began to introduce that in our explorations,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
10:39
and we continued to make phenomenal discoveries
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
with our new robotic technologies. Again, looking for something else,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ, ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ
10:44
moving from one part of the mid-ocean ridge to another.
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๋ฏธ๋“œ์˜ค์…˜ ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์˜ ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
The scientists were off watch and they came across incredible life forms.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋ฒˆ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ƒ๋ฌผํ˜•ํƒœ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€์–ด์š”.
10:52
They came across new creatures they had not seen before.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
But more importantly, they discovered
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ € ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
10:57
edifices down there that they did not understand.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฌผ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
That did not make sense. They were not above a magma chamber.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง์ด ๋˜์งˆ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋งˆ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„(magma chamber)์œ„์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
11:02
They shouldn't be there. And we called it Lost City.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ €์ฃ .
11:06
And Lost City was characterized by these incredible limestone formations
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์ด ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์„ํšŒ์•” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋“ค๊ณผ
11:10
and upside down pools. Look at that.
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๋’ค์ง‘ํ˜€์ง„ ๋ฌผ ์›…๋ฉ์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ฒƒ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:13
How do you do that? That's water upside down.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”? ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:16
We went in underneath and tapped it, and we found that it had the pH of Drano.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ข€ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด Drano(ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ตฌ ๋šซ๋Š” ์„ธ์ œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค)์˜ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
The pH of 11, and yet it had chemosynthetic bacteria living in it
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pH 11์˜ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๋„์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ํ™”ํ•™ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
and at this extreme environment.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทนํ•œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:27
And the hydrothermal vents were in an acidic environment.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ด์ˆ˜๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์‚ฐ์„ฑํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
All the way at the other end, in an alkaline environment,
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์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์™„์ „ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ์ธ
11:33
at a pH of 11, life existed.
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pH 11์˜ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๋„์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
So life was much more creative than we had ever thought.
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์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
Again, discovered by accident. Just two years ago
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ๋‹จ 2๋…„ ์ „์—,
11:41
working off Santorini, where people are sunning themselves on the beach,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ผ๊ด‘์š•์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฐํ† ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ์—์„œ ์ข€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„,
11:45
unbeknownst to them in the caldera nearby,
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์ž˜์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€์•Š์€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ์นผ๋ฐ๋ผ์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
11:47
we found phenomenal hydrothermal vent systems
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์—ด์ˆ˜๊ตฌ๋ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ
11:50
and more life systems.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํƒœ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
This was two miles from where people go to sunbathe,
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ๊ด‘์š•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2๋งˆ์ผ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
and they were oblivious to the existence of this system.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
Again, you know, we stop at the water's edge.
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๋‹ค์‹œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
Recently, diving off -- in the Gulf of Mexico, finding pools of water,
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์ตœ๊ทผ, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋งŒ์—์„œ ์ž ์ˆ˜์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์›…๋ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
12:09
this time not upside down, right side up.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ ์›…๋ฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
Bingo. You'd think you're in air, until a fish swims by.
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๋งž์•„์š”. ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€, ์œก์ง€์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฐฉ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
12:16
You're looking at brine pools formed by salt diapirs.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๊ธˆ ์นจํˆฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ธˆ ์›…๋ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
Near that was methane. I've never seen volcanoes of methane.
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๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ™”์‚ฐ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
Instead of belching out lava, they were belching out
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์šฉ์•”์„ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
12:28
big, big bubbles of methane. And they were creating these volcanoes,
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€, ์•„์ฃผ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ํ™”์‚ฐ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:32
and there were flows, not of lava,
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ํ๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋•…์†์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๊ฑด ์šฉ์•”์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:34
but of the mud coming out of the Earth but driven by --
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๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚˜์˜จ ์ง„ํ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
I've never seen this before.
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
Moving on, there's more than just natural history beneath the sea --
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘์—๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
human history. Our discoveries of the Titanic.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ฃ . ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋‹‰์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
The realization that the deep sea is the largest museum on Earth.
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์‹ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
It contains more history than all of the museums on land combined.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์„ ํ•ฉ์นœ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
And yet we're only now penetrating it.
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์•„์ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
12:57
Finding the state of preservation.
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๋ณด์ „์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
We found the Bismarck in 16,000 feet. We then found the Yorktown.
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16000ํ”ผํŠธ์—์„œ ๋น„์Šค๋งˆ๋ฅดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์š”ํฌํƒ€์šด๋„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
People always ask, "Did you find the right ship?"
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌป์ฃ , "์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
13:05
It said Yorktown on the stern.
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๋ฐฐ ๋’ท๋ถ€๋ถ„์— Yorktown ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋˜๊ฑธ์š”.ยฝ
13:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
13:09
More recently, finding ancient history.
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์ข€ ๋” ์ตœ๊ทผ์—, ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ.
13:12
How many ancient mariners have had a bad day? The number's a million.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์„ ์›๋“ค์ด ์šด๋ช…์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•œ ์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
We've been discovering these along ancient trade routes,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋ฌด์—ญ ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
13:19
where they're not supposed to be.
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ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
This shipwreck sank 100 years before the birth of Christ.
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์ด ๋‚œํŒŒ์„ ์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜๋‹˜ ํƒ„์ƒ 100๋…„์ „์— ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
This one sank carrying a prefabricated, Home Depot Roman temple.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์‹ ๋กœ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์›์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์นจ๋ชฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
And then here's one that sank at the time of Homer, at 750 B.C.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ BC 750๋…„ ํ˜ธ๋จธ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
More recently, into the Black Sea, where we're exploring.
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์ข€ ๋” ์ตœ๊ทผ์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‘ํ•ด์†์œผ๋กœ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
Because there's no oxygen there, it's the largest reservoir
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ˆ˜์†Œ ํ™ฉํ™”๋ฌผ ์ €์žฅ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
of hydrogen sulfide on Earth. Shipwrecks are perfectly preserved.
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๋‚œํŒŒ์„ ๋“ค์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์กด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
All their organics are perfectly preserved. We begin to excavate them.
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๋‚œํŒŒ์„ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์กด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
We expect to start hauling out the bodies in perfect condition with their DNA.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” DNA๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ชธ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
Look at the state of preservation --
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๋ณด์กด ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:53
still the ad mark of a carpenter. Look at the state of those artifacts.
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๋ชฉ๊ณต์˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋งˆํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”. ์ € ๊ณต์˜ˆํ’ˆ๋“ค์ข€ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:57
You still see the beeswax dripping. When they dropped, they sealed it.
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์•„์ง๋„ ๋š๋š ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐ€๋ž์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ €๊ฒƒ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ธ์„๋•Œ ๋งˆ๊ฐ ๋ฐ€๋ด‰๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
This ship sank 1,500 years ago.
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์ด ๋ฐฐ๋Š” 1500๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
Fortunately, we've been able to convince Congress.
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๋‹คํ–‰์ด๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋“์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ยผ
14:07
We begin to go on the Hill and lobby.
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๊ตญํšŒ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋กœ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
And we stole recently a ship from the United States Navy.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ ํ•ด๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ๋„ ํ•œ์ฒ™ ํ›”์ณค์–ด์š”.
14:13
The Okeanos Explorer on its mission.
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์˜ค์ผ€์•„๋…ธ์Šค ์ต์Šคํ”Œ๋กœ๋Ÿฌํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์…˜์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
Its mission is as good as you could get.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
Its mission is to go where no one has gone before on planet Earth.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
And I was looking at it yesterday, it's up in Seattle. OK.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์—ํ‹€์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.โ™ช
14:26
(Applause)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
14:27
It comes online this summer,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
and it begins its journey of exploration.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
But we have no idea what we're going find when we go out there with our technology.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๋ฅธ์ง€๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
But certainly, it's going to be going to the unknown America.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
14:39
This is that part of the United States that lies beneath the sea.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธํ•ฉ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
We own all of that blue and yet,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ € ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
14:45
like I say, particularly the western territorial trust,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“ฏ์ด, ํŠนํžˆ ์„œ๋ถ€ ์‹ ํƒํ†ต์น˜๋ น ์ง€์—ญ,
14:47
we don't have maps of them. We don't have maps of them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.
14:50
We have maps of Venus, but not of the western territorial trust.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ๋ถ€ ์‹ ํƒํ†ต์น˜๋ น์˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
The way we're going to run this -- we have no idea what we're going to discover.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋  ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฏธ์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
We have no idea what we're going to discover.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
14:59
We're going to discover an ancient shipwreck, a Phoenician off Brazil,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋‚œํŒŒ์„ , ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ํŽ˜๋‹ˆํ‚ค์•„์ธ์ด๋‚˜,
15:02
or a new rock formation, a new life.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ”์œ„ ํ˜•ํƒœ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
15:04
So, we're going to run it like an emergency hospital.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์› ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
We're going to connect our command center,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘์•™ํ†ต์ œ์‹ค์„
15:08
via a high-bandwidth satellite link to a building we're building
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๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ๋“œ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๊ฑด์„ค์ค‘์ธ
15:12
at the University of Rhode Island, called the Interspace Center.
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์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์„ผํ„ฐ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
And within that, we're going to run it just like you run a nuclear submarine,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ต์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•จ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
blue-gold team, switching them off and on, running 24 hours a day.
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๋ธ”๋ฃจ ๊ณจ๋“œ ํŒ€์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ต๋Œ€ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
A discovery is made, that discovery is instantly seen
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ํƒ์‚ฌ์ค‘ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณง ์ค‘์•™ํ†ต์ œ์‹ค์—
15:26
in the command center a second later.
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1์ดˆ ํ›„์— ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
But then it's connected through Internet too --
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๊ทธ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ 10๊ธฐ๊ฐ€๋น„ํŠธ์˜ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
the new Internet highway that makes Internet one
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๊ทธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„
15:33
look like a dirt road on the information highway --
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์ •๋ณด ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™๊ธธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
15:36
with 10 gigabits of bandwidth.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
We'll go into areas we have no knowledge of.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
It's a big blank sheet on our planet. We'll map it within hours,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฐฑ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
15:44
have the maps disseminated out to the major universities.
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์ฃผ์š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
It turns out that 90 percent of all the oceanographic intellect
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ•ด์–‘ํ•™ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ž๋“ค์˜ 90ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€
15:52
in this country are at 12 universities. They're all on I-2.
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12๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ 2๋ฒˆ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
15:55
We can then build a command center.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ํ†ต์ œ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
This is a remote center at the University of Washington.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์›๊ฒฉ์„ผํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
She's talking to the pilot. She's 5,000 miles away, but she's assumed command.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 5000๋งˆ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์š”.
16:04
But the beauty of this, too, is we can then disseminate it to children.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์€ ์—ญ์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
We can disseminate.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
They can follow this expedition. I've started a program --
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:12
where are you Jim? Jim Young who helped me start a program
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์ง ์–ด๋”จ์–ด์š”? ์ง ์˜์€ ์ผ๋ช… Jason Project ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
16:16
called the Jason Project. More recently, we've started a program
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข€ ๋” ์ตœ๊ทผ์—
16:19
with the Boys and Girls Clubs of America,
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Boys and Girls Clubs of America ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
so that we can use exploration,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
16:23
and the excitement of live exploration, to motivate them and excite them
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€, ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฉ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ,
16:27
and then give them what they're already ready for.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
I would not let an adult drive my robot.
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์šด์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
16:32
You don't have enough gaming experience.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์š”.
16:34
But I will let a kid with no license take over control of my vehicle system.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฉดํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ถŒ์„ ๋„˜๊ฒจ ๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
(Applause)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
16:40
Because we want to create --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
we want to create the classroom of tomorrow.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ์˜ ๊ต์‹ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
16:44
We have stiff competition and we need to motivate and it's all being done.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
You win or lose an engineer or a scientist by eighth grade.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ 8ํ•™๋…„๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์žƒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
The game is not over -- it's over by the eighth grade, it's not beginning.
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๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ 8ํ•™๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘์ด ์•„๋…œ์š”.
16:58
We need to be not only proud of our universities.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋“ค๋งŒ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
17:01
We need to be proud of our middle schools.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
And when we have the best middle schools in the world,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ,
17:05
we'll have the best kids pumped out of that system, let me tell you.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋‚œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
17:08
Because this is what we want. This is what we want.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
This is a young lady, not watching a football game,
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์ด ๊ผฌ๋งˆ ์ˆ™๋…€๋Š”, ํ’‹๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
17:15
not watching a basketball game.
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๋†๊ตฌ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
Watching exploration live from thousands of miles away,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ ์‹ค์ œ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
17:20
and it's just dawning on her what she's seeing.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
And when you get a jaw drop, you can inform.
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๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์›€์— ์ž…์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ๋•Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
You can put so much information into that mind, it's in full [receiving] mode.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“œ์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:30
(Applause)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
17:32
This, I hope, will be a future engineer
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์ด ์•„์ด๋Š”, ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋ฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
17:37
or a future scientist in the battle for truth.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ง„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
And my final question, my final question --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€์š”,
17:43
why are we not looking at moving out onto the sea?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์œ„๋กœ์˜ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
17:47
Why do we have programs to build habitation on Mars,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ด์ฃผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ,
17:51
and we have programs to look at colonizing the moon,
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๋‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
17:54
but we do not have a program looking at how we colonize our own planet?
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•  ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
17:59
And the technology is at hand.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:01
Thank you very much.
349
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
(Applause)
350
1083330
5000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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