Bruce Aylward: Humanity vs. Ebola. The winning strategies in a terrifying war
40,667 views ・ 2015-02-03
请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。
00:00
Translator: Eriko T
Reviewer: Morton Bast
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翻译人员: Sherry Chen
校对人员: yufan chen
00:12
When I was invited to give this talk
a couple of months ago,
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几周前,我受邀来进行这场演讲时
00:17
we discussed a number
of titles with the organizers,
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我们与主办方探讨了几个题目
00:20
and a lot of different items were
kicked around and were discussed.
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从各个角度考虑并讨论了
很多不同的可能性。
00:24
But nobody suggested this one,
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但没有人提议
“击败埃博拉”这个话题,
00:26
and the reason for that
was two months ago,
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而其原因正是在两个月前,
00:29
Ebola was escalating exponentially
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埃博拉病毒以指数般滋生,
00:32
and spreading over wider geographic areas
than we had ever seen,
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蔓延到了前所未见的广大地区,
00:36
and the world was terrified,
concerned and alarmed
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而全世界都为之惊恐、担忧、警惕,
00:39
by this disease, in a way we've not
seen in recent history.
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其紧张程度在近代历史上都不曾见到。
00:44
But today, I can stand here
and I can talk to you about beating Ebola
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但今天,我能够站在这裡,
与大家讨论击败埃博拉这个话题,
00:50
because of people
whom you've never heard of,
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多亏了那些你们从未听说过的人们,
00:54
people like Peter Clement, a Liberian
doctor who's working in Lofa County,
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比如彼特•克莱蒙德,
利比理亚洛法镇的一名医生,
01:01
a place that many of you have
never heard of, probably, in Liberia.
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你们当中许多人可能从未听说过
利比理亚的洛法镇。
01:07
The reason that Lofa County
is so important
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洛法镇如此重要的原因
01:09
is because about five months ago,
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就是因为在大约五个月前,
01:12
when the epidemic was
just starting to escalate,
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当埃博拉疫情刚刚开始蔓延时,
01:16
Lofa County was right at the center,
the epicenter of this epidemic.
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洛法镇正是这场疫情的中心。
01:21
At that time, MSF
and the treatment center there,
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那时,驻扎在那里的
无国界医生组织和治疗中心,
01:25
they were seeing dozens of patients
every single day,
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每天都要见到数十位病人,
01:28
and these patients, these communities
were becoming more and more terrified
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而这些病人,这些社区
在变得愈发恐惧,
01:32
as time went by, with this disease
and what it was doing to their families,
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随着时间流逝,这场疾病
给他们的家人带来了灭顶之灾,
01:36
to their communities,
to their children, to their relatives.
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还有他们的社区,他们的孩子,
以及他们的亲戚。
01:40
And so Peter Clement was charged with
driving that 12-hour-long rough road
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因此彼特•克莱蒙德卯足了劲,
在颠簸的公路上开了12个小时,
01:45
from Monrovia, the capital,
up to Lofa County,
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从利比理亚首都蒙洛威尔
开到了洛法镇,
01:49
to try and help bring control
to the escalating epidemic there.
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他要试着帮助控制
正在此逐渐蔓延的疫情。
01:53
And what Peter found when he arrived was
the terror that I just mentioned to you.
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而彼特到达洛法镇时,
发现了我之前提到的恐慌。
01:59
So he sat down with the local chiefs,
and he listened.
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于是他和当地领袖们坐下,
聆听他们发言。
02:03
And what he heard was heartbreaking.
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他听到的是令人心碎的消息。
02:06
He heard about the devastation
and the desperation
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他听说了那些灭顶之灾,
以及受埃博拉感染的人们
有多么绝望。
02:11
of people affected by this disease.
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02:14
He heard the heartbreaking stories
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他听说了那些令人心碎的故事,
02:16
about not just the damage
that Ebola did to people,
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不仅仅是关于埃博拉对人们
所造成的破坏,
02:20
but what it did to families
and what it did to communities.
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还有它对家庭、社区造成的影响。
02:24
And he listened to the local chiefs there
and what they told him --
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他听着当地领袖们诉说的故事,
02:28
They said, "When our children are sick,
when our children are dying,
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他们说:“当我们的孩子生病时,
当我们的孩子正在死去,
02:32
we can't hold them at a time when
we want to be closest to them.
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我们在最想靠近他们的时刻
却不能保住他们。
02:36
When our relatives die, we can't take care
of them as our tradition demands.
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当我们的亲人死去,我们无法
像传统惯例般照料他们的遗体。
02:40
We are not allowed to wash
the bodies to bury them
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我们被禁止洗梳他们的身体,
为他们下葬,
02:43
the way our communities and
our rituals demand.
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正如我们的社区和惯例
所要求的那样。
02:46
And for this reason, they were
deeply disturbed, deeply alarmed
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正因如此,他们身心不宁,高度警惕,
02:50
and the entire epidemic
was unraveling in front of them.
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而整场瘟疫就在他们面前拉开帷幕。
02:53
People were turning on the healthcare
workers who had come,
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人们开始攻击那些
来到镇上的医务人员,
02:56
the heroes who had come to try
and help save the community,
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那些来试着帮助拯救
这个社区的英雄们,
03:00
to help work with the community,
and they were unable to access them.
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那些来与社区协作的英雄们,
让他们无法接近镇上的人。
03:05
And what happened then was
Peter explained to the leaders.
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接下来,彼特为当地领袖们
进行了解释。
03:10
The leaders listened.
They turned the tables.
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领袖们聆听着。
他们扭转了局面。
03:13
And Peter explained what Ebola was.
He explained what the disease was.
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彼特解释了埃博拉病毒是什么。
他解释了这种疾病是怎么回事。
03:16
He explained what it did
to their communities.
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他解释了埃博拉
对他们社区造成的影响。
03:19
And he explained that Ebola threatened
everything that made us human.
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然后他还解释了,
埃博拉病毒威胁着我们的人性。
03:24
Ebola means you can't hold your children
the way you would in this situation.
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埃博拉意味着你不能在孩子们
奄奄一息时保住他们。
03:28
You can't bury your dead
the way that you would.
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你无法按照传统惯例安葬他们的遗体。
03:30
You have to trust these people
in these space suits to do that for you.
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你必须相信那些身着“太空服”的人,
相信他们会为你做这些事情。
03:35
And ladies and gentlemen, what
happened then was rather extraordinary:
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女士们先生们,接下来发生的
相当非比寻常:
03:38
The community and the health workers,
Peter, they sat down together
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整个社区和医护人员,还有彼特
一起坐了下来,
03:42
and they put together a new plan
for controlling Ebola in Lofa County.
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他们共同规划了新方案,
以在洛法镇控制埃博拉病毒。
03:47
And the reason that this is such
an important story, ladies and gentlemen,
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而这个故事重要的原因,
女士们先生们,
03:51
is because today, this county, which is
right at the center of this epidemic
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就在于今天,这个位于疫情中心的镇,
03:56
you've been watching,
you've been seeing in the newspapers,
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你一直在关注的疫情,
你一直在报纸上见到的疫情,
03:59
you've been seeing on
the television screens,
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你一直在电视屏幕上看到的疫情,
04:03
today Lofa County is nearly eight weeks
without seeing a single case of Ebola.
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在今天的洛法镇,已经有将近八周
没有新病例产生了。
04:09
(Applause)
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(掌声)
04:16
Now, this doesn't mean that
the job is done, obviously.
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显然,这并不意味着大功告成。
04:19
There's still a huge risk
that there will be additional cases there.
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那里会产生更多病例的风险仍然很大。
04:23
But what it does teach us
is that Ebola can be beaten.
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但这个故事教给我们的是
埃博拉病毒是能够被击败的。
04:26
That's the key thing.
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那才是关键。
04:28
Even on this scale,
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甚至是在这么大的规模下,
04:29
even with the rapid kind of growth
that we saw in this environment here,
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甚至是以我们在这个环境中
所看到的这般蔓延速度,
04:33
we now know Ebola can be beaten.
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如今我们知道埃博拉是能被击败的。
04:36
When communities come together
with health care workers, work together,
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当社区聚到一起,再加上医护人员,
大家共同努力,
04:40
that's when this disease can be stopped.
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此时,这场疫情就能被终止。
04:43
But how did Ebola end up
in Lofa County in the first place?
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但埃博拉在最初是如何
在洛法镇出现的呢?
04:46
Well, for that, we have to go back
12 months, to the start of this epidemic.
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要回答这个问题,我们必须回到
12个月前,回到这场疫情的开端。
04:51
And as many of you know,
this virus went undetected,
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你们当中许多人都知道,
这种病毒当时没有被检测到,
04:54
it evaded detection for three
or four months when it began.
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疫情爆发前,这个病毒
已经潜伏了三到四个月。
04:58
That's because this is not
a disease of West Africa,
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那是因为埃博拉并非西非的疾病,
05:01
it's a disease of Central Africa,
half a continent away.
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而是来自相距半块大陆之远的中非。
05:04
People hadn't seen the disease before;
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人们之前从未见过这种病;
05:06
health workers hadn't seen
the disease before.
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医护人员之前也从未见过这种病。
05:09
They didn't know what
they were dealing with,
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他们不知道自己面对的是什么,
05:11
and to make it
even more complicated,
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而令事情更为复杂的是,
05:13
the virus itself was causing a symptom,
a type of a presentation
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病毒本身引起了一种症状,
一种这种病非典型的表现。
05:17
that wasn't classical of the disease.
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05:20
So people didn't even recognize
the disease, people who knew Ebola.
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所以知道埃博拉的人
也并未认出这种疾病。
05:24
For that reason it evaded detection
for some time,
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由于这个原因,它潜伏了一段时间。
05:28
But contrary to public belief
sometimes these days,
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但与如今公众所相信的
恰恰相反的是,
05:31
once the virus was detected,
there was a rapid surge in of support.
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当病毒被检测到时,
有一大批支援涌入了疫情中心。
05:37
MSF rapidly set up an Ebola treatment
center, as many of you know, in the area.
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无国界医生组织在这片地区
迅速设置起了埃博拉治疗中心。
05:42
The World Health Organization
and the partners that it works with
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世界卫生组织和其合作伙伴们
05:45
deployed eventually hundreds of people
over the next two months
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在接下来的两个月内
逐步部署了几百人,
05:49
to be able to help track the virus.
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以帮助追踪病情的发展。
05:51
The problem, ladies and gentlemen,
is by then, this virus,
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问题是,女士们先生们,
当时这个病毒,
05:55
well known now as Ebola,
had spread too far.
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这个如今以“埃博拉”之名
闻名于世的病毒,早已蔓延开来。
05:58
It had already outstripped what was
one of the largest responses
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它的规模早已超越了当时
为埃博拉爆发所做出的最大准备。
06:02
that had been mounted so far
to an Ebola outbreak.
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06:05
By the middle of the year,
not just Guinea
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年中时,不仅仅是几内亚,
06:08
but now Sierra Leone and Liberia
were also infected.
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还有塞拉利昂和利比理亚也遭受感染。
06:12
As the virus was spreading geographically,
the numbers were increasing
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随着病毒大面积扩散,
受感染人数不断增加,
06:17
and at this time, not only were
hundreds of people infected
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此时,不仅有几百人受到埃博拉感染,
06:22
and dying of the disease,
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并死于此病,
06:24
but as importantly,
the front line responders,
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而且同样重要的是,
在前线抗争的响应者们,
06:26
the people who had gone to try and help,
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那些来试着帮忙的人,
06:29
the health care workers, the other
responders
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医护人员和其他响应者
06:32
were also sick and dying by the dozens.
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也有数十人因此病倒,
并死于埃博拉病毒。
06:35
The presidents of these countries
recognized the emergencies.
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这些国家的总统
意识到了问题的紧急性。
06:38
They met right around that time,
they agreed on common action
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他们就在那时进行了会见,
并一致同意共同采取行动,
06:42
and they put together an emergency
joint operation center in Conakry
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然后他们在柯那克里(几内亚首都)
成立了一个应急联合行动中心,
06:46
to try and work together to finish this
disease and get it stopped,
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来试着通过合作消灭这场疾病,
阻止它的蔓延,
06:50
to implement the strategies
we talked about.
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并执行我们探讨过的战略。
06:54
But what happened then was something
we had never seen before with Ebola.
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但当时我们在埃博拉面前
所面临的情况是前所未见的。
06:58
What happened then was the virus,
or someone sick with the virus,
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当时埃博拉病毒,或者是携带着
这个病毒的某个人,
07:01
boarded an airplane,
flew to another country,
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登上了飞机,飞到了另一个国家,
07:05
and for the first time,
we saw in another distant country
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而有史以来第一次,
我们在另一个遥远的国度看到
07:09
the virus pop up again.
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埃博拉病毒再度出现。
07:11
This time it was in Nigeria,
in the teeming metropolis of Lagos,
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这一次,是在尼日利亚,
在热闹的大都市拉各斯,
07:16
21 million people.
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此处分布着两千一百万人口。
07:18
Now the virus was in that environment.
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病毒到了那样一个环境中。
07:21
And as you can anticipate,
there was international alarm,
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正如你所预计的,国际警报就此拉响,
07:24
international concern on a scale that
we hadn't seen in recent years
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引发了一场我们近年来都不曾见到的
大规模国际性关注,
07:28
caused by a disease like this.
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正是由这样的一场疾病所导致的。
07:30
The World Health Organization immediately
called together an expert panel,
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世界卫生组织立即召集了
一只专家小组,
07:35
looked at the situation,
declared an international emergency.
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研究了当下情况,并宣布
这是一场国际性紧急状况。
07:39
And in doing so, the expectation would be
that there would be a huge outpouring
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这样做的预期是之后会涌现一大批
07:44
of international assistance
to help these countries
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国际援助,来帮助这些国家,
07:47
which were in so much trouble
and concern at that time.
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他们深陷埃博拉的泥潭,
当时十分担忧自己的处境。
07:51
But what we saw was
something very different.
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但我们所见到的却十分不同。
07:54
There was some great response.
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反响十分强烈。
07:57
A number of countries came to assist --
many, many NGOs and others, as you know,
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许多国家前来支援 ﹣ 许多许多
非政府组织,正如你所了解的,
08:02
but at the same time, the opposite
happened in many places.
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但与此同时,恰恰相反的回应
在许多地区也在发生。
08:06
Alarm escalated, and very soon
these countries found themselves
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警报逐步升级,很快这些国家
发现自己没有收到他们所需的援助,
08:10
not receiving the support they needed,
but increasingly isolated.
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反而变得愈发孤立。
08:14
What we saw was commercial airlines
[stopped] flying into these countries
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我们见到商业航线
开始飞入这些国家,
08:19
and people who hadn't even been
exposed to the virus
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而那些甚至没有接触过
埃博拉病毒的人们
08:21
were no longer allowed to travel.
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被禁止旅行。
08:24
This caused not only problems, obviously,
for the countries themselves,
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很显然,这不仅为
那些国家本身引起了问题,
08:27
but also for the response.
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还对援助回应造成了麻烦。
08:30
Those organizations that were
trying to bring people in,
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那些正试着将人带入这些国家的组织,
08:33
to try and help them
respond to the outbreak,
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那些想要帮助他们响应
埃博拉病毒爆发的组织,
08:35
they could not get
people on airplanes,
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他们无法将人送上飞机,
08:37
they could not get them into the
countries to be able to respond.
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无法将人带入那些国家,
以对埃博拉进行响应。
08:40
In that situation,
ladies and gentleman,
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在那样的情况下,女士们先生们,
08:42
a virus like Ebola takes advantage.
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像埃博拉这样的病毒就会趁虚而入。
08:45
And what we saw then was something
also we hadn't seen before.
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我们所面临的局面前所未见。
08:50
Not only did this virus
continue in the places
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埃博拉病毒不仅仅
在这些地方继续存在,
08:53
where they'd already become infected,
but then it started to escalate
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而这些地方的人已经受到感染,
然后病毒开始升级,
08:57
and we saw the case numbers
that you see here,
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而我们也看到了
你们在这里所见到的病例数量,
08:59
something we'd never seen before
on such a scale,
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这种规模是前所未见的,
09:02
an exponential increase of Ebola cases
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埃博拉病例以指数般增长,
09:05
not just in these countries or the areas
already infected in these countries
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不仅仅是在这些国家
或是这些国家中已受感染的地区,
09:10
but also spreading further and
deeper into these countries.
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并且它在这些国家扩散得更广更深。
09:13
Ladies and gentleman,
this was one of the most concerning
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女士们先生们,
这是我们所见过的最令人担忧的
国际性公共健康紧急状况之一。
09:16
international emergencies in public health
we've ever seen.
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09:22
And what happened in these countries then,
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而之后在这些国家发生的事情,
09:24
many of you saw, again, on the television,
read about in the newspapers,
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正如你们许多人在电视上所看到的,
或是在报纸上所读到的,
09:28
we saw the health system start to collapse
under the weight of this epidemic.
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这些国家的健康体系开始崩溃,
不堪这场流行病的重压。
09:34
We saw the schools begin to close,
markets no longer started,
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学校开始关闭,市场不再开张,
09:38
no longer functioned the way
that they should in these countries.
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也不再如往常般在这些国家运行。
09:42
We saw that misinformation and
misperceptions started to spread
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误报和误解在这些社区
开始以更快的速度流传,
09:46
even faster through the communities,
which became even more alarmed
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令他们对局势变得愈发紧张。
09:49
about the situation.
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1615
09:51
They started to recoil from those people
that you saw in those space suits,
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他们开始疏远那些
被称为“身着太空服的人”,
09:54
as they call them,
who had come to help them.
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2247
而那些人是来帮助当地社区的。
09:57
And then the situation
deteriorated even further.
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然后局势进一步恶化。
10:00
The countries had to declare
a state of emergency.
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这些国家不得不宣告
本国处于紧急状况。
10:02
Large populations needed to be quarantined
in some areas, and then riots broke out.
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这些地区的大量人口要被隔离,
然后骚乱便爆发了。
10:08
It was a very, very terrifying situation.
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此时的局势非常非常可怕。
10:11
Around the world,
many people began to ask,
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在全球各地,许多人开始发问,
10:14
can we ever stop Ebola
when it starts to spread like this?
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当埃博拉病毒开始如此疯狂扩散时,
我们还能阻止它吗?
10:18
And they started to ask, how well
do we really know this virus?
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4452
他们开始发问,我们对这个病毒
了解有多透彻呢?
10:23
The reality is we don't know
Ebola extremely well.
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事实上,我们对埃博拉病毒
了解的并不多。
10:26
It's a relatively modern disease
in terms of what we know about it.
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3995
它是一种相对现代的疾病,
就我们所了解的而言。
10:30
We've known the disease only for 40 years,
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2285
我们知道这种病仅仅 40 年,
10:33
since it first popped up
in Central Africa in 1976.
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它第一次出现是在 1976 年的中非。
10:36
But despite that, we do know many things:
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但除此之外,我们的确知道许多事情:
10:39
We know that this virus
probably survives in a type of a bat.
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4223
我们知道这种病毒很有可能
存活于一种蝙蝠体内。
10:43
We know that it probably enters
a human population
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3116
我们知道它很有可能会
进入人类社会,
10:46
when we come in contact with a wild animal
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2607
当我们接触受埃博拉感染
或是已遭受此病侵袭的野生动物时;
10:49
that has been infected with the virus
and probably sickened by it.
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3558
10:53
Then we know that the virus
spreads from person to person
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3221
我们还知道这种病毒
在人与人之间的扩散
10:56
through contaminated body fluids.
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是通过体液感染。
10:58
And as you've all seen,
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正如你们已经都见到的,
11:00
we know the horrific disease
that it then causes in humans,
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3482
我们也知道这种病毒
在人体内所造成的可怕疾病,
11:03
where we see this disease cause
severe fevers, diarrhea, vomiting,
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4518
这种疾病会导致
严重发热、腹泻、呕吐,
11:08
and then unfortunately, in 70 percent
of the cases or often more, death.
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不幸的是,在超过70%的病例中,
患者会死亡。
11:14
This is a very dangerous,
debilitating, and deadly disease.
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5343
这是一种十分危险、令人逐步衰竭、
并且置人于死地的疾病。
11:20
But despite the fact that we've not known
this disease for a particularly long time,
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680344
4173
然而,尽管我们了解
这种疾病的时间并不长,
11:24
and we don't know everything about it,
we do know how to stop this disease.
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684517
4877
也并没有了解它的一切,
但我们的确知道如何阻止埃博拉。
11:29
There are four things
that are critical to stopping Ebola.
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3214
有四件事对阻止埃博拉
是十分关键的。
11:32
First and foremost, the communities
have got to understand this disease,
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692608
4314
首先,社区必须要去理解这种疾病,
11:36
they've got to understand
how it spreads and how to stop it.
189
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3521
他们必须要理解埃博拉
是如何扩散、如何阻止的。
11:40
And then we've got to be able to have
systems that can find every single case,
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700443
4076
然后我们必须建立一个体系,
能够找到每一宗病例,
11:44
every contact of those cases,
191
704519
2006
以及那些病例的所有联系人,
11:46
and begin to track the transmission chains
so that you can stop transmission.
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706525
4157
并且开始追踪传播链,
这样才能阻止传播。
11:50
We have to have treatment centers,
specialized Ebola treatment centers,
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3622
我们必须要建立治疗中心,
专门研究埃博拉的治疗中心,
11:54
where the workers can be protected
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2513
在那里,医疗工作者们能得到保护,
11:56
as they try to provide support
to the people who are infected,
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4872
在他们努力为那些
受感染的人提供帮助时,
12:01
so that they might survive the disease.
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2445
这样他们才能够活下来。
12:04
And then for those who do die,
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724134
2200
而对于那些逝者,
12:06
we have to ensure there is a safe, but at
the same time dignified, burial process,
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5858
我们必须确保有一个安全
而又保有尊严的埋葬流程,
12:12
so that there is no spread
at that time as well.
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732192
3896
以确保在此流程中
也不会造成病毒的扩散。
12:16
So we do know how to stop Ebola, and these
strategies work, ladies and gentlemen.
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736798
4501
我们知道该如何阻止埃博拉,
而这些策略是有效的,女士们先生们。
12:21
The virus was stopped in Nigeria
by these four strategies
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741299
4159
埃博拉病毒在尼日利亚
已经通过这四个策略被成功阻止,
12:25
and the people implementing
them, obviously.
202
745458
2104
也多亏了执行这四个策略的人们,
这是当然的。
12:27
It was stopped in Senegal, where it had
spread, and also in the other countries
203
747562
4022
该病毒也在塞尔内加被阻止,
此前它一直在此扩散,
同时,其他在这次疫情爆发中
受感染的国家也阻止了埃博拉。
12:31
that were affected by this virus,
in this outbreak.
204
751584
3593
12:35
So there's no question that
these strategies actually work.
205
755177
3841
因此,毋庸置疑,
这些策略的确奏效。
12:39
The big question, ladies and gentlemen,
was whether these strategies could work
206
759018
5308
而最大的问题在于,女士们先生们,
这些策略是否能在这样的规模下,
这样的情况中奏效,
12:44
on this scale, in this situation,
with so many countries affected
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764326
4274
已有这么多国家受到感染,
扩散的速度如你所见以指数增加。
12:48
with the kind of exponential
growth that you saw.
208
768600
3606
12:52
That was the big question that we were
facing just two or three months ago.
209
772206
4551
那就是我们在两到三个月前
所面临的大问题。
12:56
Today we know the answer to that question.
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776757
4044
今天,我们知道了
解决这个问题的答案。
13:00
And we know that answer
because of the extraordinary work
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780801
2978
而我们之所以知道答案,
就是因为一群人的杰出努力,
13:03
of an incredible group of NGOs,
of governments, of local leaders,
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4767
包括一群了不起的非政府组织,
一群政府,当地领袖,
13:08
of U.N. agencies and many humanitarian
and other organizations
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788546
4386
联合国机构,以及
许多人道主义组织,
13:12
that came and joined the fight
to try and stop Ebola in West Africa.
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792932
3918
他们前来加入了阻止
埃博拉在西非扩散的抗争中。
13:16
But what had to be done there
was slightly different.
215
796850
3443
但在那里要完成的有稍许不同。
13:20
These countries took those strategies
I just showed you;
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800293
2925
这些国家采取了我刚刚
为大家展示的那些策略;
13:23
the community engagement,
the case finding, contact tracing, etc.,
217
803218
5406
社区联合,寻找病例,
追踪联系人,等等。
13:28
and they turned them on their head.
218
808624
1924
然后他们改变了策略。
13:30
There was so much disease,
they approached it differently.
219
810548
2933
疾病已扩散得如此猖獗,
他们要用不同的手法来解决。
13:33
What they decided to do was they would
first try and slow down this epidemic
220
813481
5431
他们决定先试试延缓
这场传染病的传播速度,
13:38
by rapidly building as many beds as
possible in specialized treatment centers
221
818912
4987
通过在专治埃博拉的治疗中心
快速搭建儘可能多的床位,
13:43
so that they could prevent the disease
from spreading from those were infected.
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823899
5304
这样一来他们就能阻止疾病
从已感染的人身上扩散开来。
13:49
They would rapidly build out
many, many burial teams
223
829203
2449
他们会快速成立许多安葬队伍,
13:51
so that they could safely
deal with the dead,
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831652
2175
这样一来他们就能安全地
解决病人的尸体,
13:53
and with that, they would try
and slow this outbreak
225
833827
2567
从而减缓这场传染病的传播速度,
13:56
to see if it could actually then
be controlled using the classic approach
226
836394
4219
看看是否真的能够控制埃博拉扩散,
通过利用这种“寻找病例
和追踪联系人”的经典手法。
14:00
of case finding and contact tracing.
227
840613
2751
14:03
And when I went to West Africa
about three months ago,
228
843364
3293
当我三个月前去西非时,
14:06
when I was there
what I saw was extraordinary.
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846657
3012
我在那儿看到了一副超凡景象。
14:09
I saw presidents opening emergency
operation centers themselves against Ebola
230
849669
4926
我看到总统们亲自创立
紧急指挥中心以对抗埃博拉,
14:14
so that they could personally coordinate
and oversee and champion
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854595
3768
如此一来他们就能够亲自
协调、监督、支持
14:18
this surge of international support
to try and stop this disease.
232
858363
4087
大量涌入的国际支援,
以对抗这场疾病的肆虐。
14:22
We saw militaries from within
those countries and from far beyond
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862450
3551
我们看到来自那些国家
甚至其他国家的军队
14:26
coming in to help build
Ebola treatment centers
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866001
2740
来到这裡帮助搭建埃博拉治疗中心,
14:28
that could be used to isolate
those who were sick.
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868741
3250
用以隔离那些病人。
14:31
We saw the Red Cross movement working with
its partner agencies on the ground there
236
871991
4426
我们看到红十字会运动在那里
与它的伙伴机构一起合作,
14:36
to help train the communities so that
they could actually safely bury their dead
237
876417
5157
来帮助训练社区成员,从而使得
他们能够安全地安葬死去的亲友,
14:41
in a dignified manner themselves.
238
881574
2558
并且以有尊严的方式
亲自为死者下葬。
14:44
And we saw the U.N. agencies,
the World Food Program,
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884132
2801
我们还看到联合国机构
和世界粮食计划署
14:46
build a tremendous air bridge
240
886933
1901
搭建了一架巨大的空运桥樑,
14:48
that could get responders to every single
corner of these countries rapidly
241
888834
3902
将响应者们快速送达
这些国家的各个角落,
14:52
to be able to implement the strategies
that we just talked about.
242
892736
3353
以实施我们刚刚提到的策略。
14:56
What we saw, ladies and gentlemen,
which was probably most impressive,
243
896089
3345
我们看到,女士们先生们,
或许最为令人影响深刻的,
14:59
was this incredible work
by the governments,
244
899434
3017
是这些国家的政府和领导人
与社区一起做出的惊人努力,
15:02
by the leaders in these countries,
with the communities,
245
902451
3017
15:05
to try to ensure people
understood this disease,
246
905468
3018
来试图确保人们理解这场疾病,
15:08
understood the extraordinary things they
would have to do to try and stop Ebola.
247
908486
5683
理解为了阻止埃博拉的传播,
他们必须做出非凡的努力。
15:14
And as a result, ladies and gentlemen,
248
914169
2293
结果,女士们先生们,
15:16
we saw something that we did not know
only two or three months earlier,
249
916462
4443
我们就看到了在两三个月前
我们甚至不知道是否可能的事情
15:20
whether or not it would be possible.
250
920905
2274
15:23
What we saw was
what you see now in this graph,
251
923179
3130
我们看到的正是你现在
在这张图表上看到的,
15:26
when we took stock on December 1.
252
926309
2809
我们在 12 月 1 日评估状况时
制作了这张表格。
15:29
What we saw was we could
bend that curve, so to speak,
253
929118
3442
打个比喻来说,我们看到的是
我们能够压制这条曲线,
15:32
change this exponential growth,
254
932560
2374
改变指数型增长模式,
15:34
and bring some hope back
to the ability to control this outbreak.
255
934934
4229
并且对控制这场病毒爆发的能力
重新增添希望。
15:39
And for this reason, ladies and gentlemen,
there's absolutely no question now
256
939163
4054
由于这个原因,女士们先生们,
毋庸置疑,我们能够追上这场疾病
在西非爆发的步伐,
15:43
that we can catch up with this outbreak
in West Africa and we can beat Ebola.
257
943217
5801
并且我们能够击败埃博拉。
15:49
The big question, though,
that many people are asking,
258
949785
3173
然而最大的问题在于,
许多人都在问,
15:52
even when they saw this curve, they said,
259
952958
1983
甚至当他们看到了这张曲线图,
他们还会说,
15:54
"Well, hang on a minute --
that's great you can slow it down,
260
954941
2904
「嘿,等会儿 ﹣ 你能把传播速度减慢,
这很赞,
15:57
but can you actually
drive it down to zero?"
261
957845
2051
可是你真的能够把病例数
下降为零吗?」
15:59
We already answered that question
back at the beginning of this talk,
262
959896
3541
我们已经在这场演讲的开头
回答过这个问题了,
16:03
when I spoke about Lofa County in Liberia.
263
963437
4153
当我谈到利比理亚的洛法镇时。
16:07
We told you the story
how Lofa County got to a situation
264
967590
3426
我们告诉你洛法镇
如何到达他们如今的局面,
16:11
where they have not seen
Ebola for eight weeks.
265
971016
2813
他们已经八周没有出现
埃博拉的新病例了。
16:13
But there are similar stories from
the other countries as well.
266
973829
3376
但其他国家也有类似的故事。
16:17
From Gueckedou in Guinea,
267
977205
2246
从几内亚的盖凯杜,
16:19
the first area where the first case was
actually diagnosed.
268
979451
4508
也就是第一个埃博拉病例
真正得到确诊的地方。
16:23
We've seen very, very few cases
in the last couple of months,
269
983959
3414
我们在过去的几个月内
见到非常非常少量的新病例,
16:27
and here in Kenema, in Sierra Leone,
another area in the epicenter,
270
987373
4427
而在塞拉利昂的凯内马,
也就是另一个疫情中心,
16:31
we have not seen the virus
for more than a couple of weeks --
271
991800
3261
我们已经好几周都没有看到
埃博拉病毒出现了 ﹣
16:35
way too early to declare
victory, obviously,
272
995061
3095
当然啦,要宣告胜利还为时过早,
16:38
but evidence, ladies and gentlemen,
273
998156
1775
但证据表明,女士们先生们,
16:39
not only can the response
catch up to the disease,
274
999931
3625
我们的响应不仅能够
赶上疾病肆虐的步伐,
16:43
but this disease can be driven to zero.
275
1003556
3166
还能将这场疾病彻底消灭。
16:46
The challenge now, of course,
is doing this on the scale needed
276
1006722
4156
当然啦,目前的挑战在于
在这三个国家所需的规模上
实施这些策略,
16:50
right across these three countries,
and that is a huge challenge.
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而那真是个巨大的挑战。
16:56
Because when you've been at something
for this long, on this scale,
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因为当你对抗大规模的事物
如此之久时,
17:00
two other big threats
come in to join the virus.
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另外两个巨大的威胁
会令这场病毒灾难雪上加霜。
17:04
The first of those is complacency,
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首先是自鸣得意,
17:08
the risk that as this
disease curve starts to bend,
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风险在于,
随着疾病曲线图开始弯曲,
17:11
the media look elsewhere,
the world looks elsewhere.
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媒体开始关注其他事情,
全世界开始关注其他事情。
17:14
Complacency always a risk.
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自鸣得意永远都是一个风险。
17:16
And the other risk, of course, is when
you've been working so hard for so long,
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当然,另一个风险则是
当你这么努力了这么久,
17:20
and slept so few hours
over the past months,
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过去几个月睡眠时间这么少时,
17:24
people are tired, people become fatigued,
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1044352
2238
大家都会很疲惫,
大家变得全身乏力,
17:26
and these new risks
start to creep into the response.
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1046590
4070
而这些新风险开始偷偷
进入对埃博拉的响应中。
17:30
Ladies and gentlemen, I can tell you today
I've just come back from West Africa.
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1050660
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女士们先生们,我今天能告诉大家,
我刚刚从西非回来。
17:34
The people of these countries,
the leaders of these countries,
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3700
这些国家的人民和领导者们,
17:38
they are not complacent.
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1058640
1496
他们并没有自鸣得意。
17:40
They want to drive Ebola to zero
in their countries.
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3743
他们想要将埃博拉
在自己的国家彻底消灭。
17:43
And these people, yes, they're tired,
but they are not fatigued.
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1063879
3785
而这些人们,他们的确很疲惫,
但他们并没有感到乏力。
17:47
They have an energy, they have a courage,
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他们充满精力与勇气,
17:49
they have the strength
to get this finished.
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他们有力量完成这个使命。
17:52
What they need, ladies
and gentlemen, at this point,
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女士们先生们,他们在此刻需要的
17:55
is the unwavering support of the
international community,
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是来自国际社区的
坚定不移的支持,
17:58
to stand with them,
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1408
坚定地与他们同在,
18:00
to bolster and bring even more support
at this time, to get the job finished.
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4858
在此时此刻支持甚至是带来
更多支持,以完成这项使命。
18:05
Because finishing Ebola right now
means turning the tables on this virus,
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1085047
5035
因为战胜埃博拉在此刻意味着
人类对埃博拉从劣势扭转为优势,
18:10
and beginning to hunt it.
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1735
并且开始反击它。
18:11
Remember, this virus, this whole crisis,
rather, started with one case,
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记住,这个病毒,
这整场开始于一个病例的灾难,
18:17
and is going to finish with one case.
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1097004
2699
也将以一个病例结束。
18:19
But it will only finish if those countries
have got enough epidemiologists,
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4324
但它的结束只有靠着那些国家
拥有足够多的流行病学家,
18:24
enough health workers, enough logisticians
and enough other people working with them
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足够多的医护人员,
足够多的物流人员,
以及足够多的其他人来一起合作,
18:28
to be able to find every one
of those cases, track their contacts
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1108644
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才能找到那些病例所有的相关人,
并追踪他们的联系人。
18:32
and make sure that this disease
stops once and for all.
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1112126
4094
确保这场疾病永远消失。
18:36
Ladies and gentleman, Ebola can be beaten.
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1116220
3337
女士们先生们,
埃博拉是能够被击败的。
18:39
Now we need you to take this story out
to tell it to the people who will listen
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1119557
4688
我们需要你们把这个故事
讲给那些愿意听的人,
18:44
and educate them
on what it means to beat Ebola,
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并教育他们,
击败埃博拉意味著什么,
18:47
and more importantly,
we need you to advocate with the people
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更重要的是,我们需要你们
鼓动那些能够帮助我们
把资源送到这些国家的人们,
18:51
who can help us bring the resources we
need to these countries,
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3554
18:54
to beat this disease.
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1134743
1774
以击败这场疾病。
18:56
There are a lot of people out there
who will survive and will thrive,
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有许多人能够从这场疾病中活下来,
并且从此茁壮成长,
19:00
in part because of what you do
to help us beat Ebola.
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1140699
3402
其中一部份原因就是因为
你能够为击败埃博拉所做的。
19:04
Thank you.
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谢谢大家。
19:05
(Applause)
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1145587
3887
(掌声)
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