Taryn Simon photographs secret sites

翻译人员: Zhihua Dong 校对人员: Jenny Yang

Okay, so

好的，

90 percent of my photographic process

事实上，我摄影过程的百分之九十，

is, in fact, not photographic.

不仅仅只是照相。

It involves a campaign of letter writing,

它是一个包涵了写信，

research and phone calls

研究以及电话联系得以接触拍摄对象

to access my subjects,

的复杂过程。

which can range from Hamas leaders in Gaza

我的拍摄对象的范围可以从加沙地区的哈马斯领导人，

to a hibernating black bear in its cave

到西弗吉尼亚州一只蛰伏于洞穴中的黑熊。

in West Virginia.

到西弗吉尼亚州一只蛰伏于洞穴中的黑熊。

And oddly, the most notable

奇怪的是，我所收到的所有拒信中，

letter of rejection I ever received

最值得注意的一封，

came from Walt Disney World,

来自于迪斯尼世界，

a seemingly innocuous site.

一个看起来完全无害的地方。

And it read -- I'm just going to read a key sentence:

我只打算读读最关键的一句：

"Especially during these violent times,

“尤其实在现在这样一个恐怖时期，

I personally believe

我个人相信，

that the magical spell cast upon guests who visit our theme parks

在游览我们主题公园的客人们身上带有的神奇魔力，

is particularly important to protect

特别重要， 它为帮助

and helps to provide them with an important fantasy

人们实现逃离现实进入一个想象中的神奇世界

they can escape to."

提供了保障。”

Photography threatens fantasy.

摄影会威胁想象力。

They didn't want to let my camera in

他们不想让我的照相机进入迪斯尼，

because it confronts constructed realities, myths and beliefs,

因为照相机能挑战了他们所建立的现实、神秘以及信仰，

and provides what appears to be

并提供了真正

evidence of a truth.

事实的证据。

But there are multiple truths attached to every image,

但每幅照片，都被赋予了不止一个真相，

depending on the creator's intention, the viewer

这取决于拍摄者的目的，以及观看者

and the context in which it is presented.

以及照片本身所处的环境。

Over a five year period following September 11th,

在911之后的五年多，

when the American media and government were seeking

当美国媒体和政府在寻找

hidden and unknown sites

美国境外

beyond its borders,

隐藏的和不为人所知的地点

most notably weapons of mass destruction,

和著名的大规模杀伤武器，

I chose to look inward at that which was integral

我选择去探究一些更深层次的东西——

to America's foundation,

它们对美国的国家基础、

mythology and daily functioning.

神话和国家机能来说，是不可或缺的。

I wanted to confront the boundaries of the citizen,

我自愿并真诚地

self-imposed and real,

希望去突破公民的边界，

and confront the divide between privileged

突破特权和公共介入信息之间的鸿沟，

and public access to knowledge.

突破特权和公共介入信息之间的鸿沟，

It was a critical moment in American history

这在美国历史乃至世界历史上，

and global history

都是重要的时刻——

where one felt they didn't have access to accurate information.

人们发现他们无法触及精确的信息。

And I wanted to see the center with my own eyes,

我希望我能亲眼看见这一切的核心，

but what I came away with is a photograph.

但随我上路的，只是一部相机。

And it's just another place from which to observe,

那只是另一个让我观察的地方，

and the understanding that

并让我了解到，

there are no absolute, all-knowing insiders.

世上没有绝对的、无所不知的知情人。

And the outsider can never really reach the core.

而局外人则永远也无法真正触及事情的核心。

I'm going to run through some of the photographs in this series.

我将展示这一系列中的一些相片。

It's titled, "An American Index

这个系列取名为：

of the Hidden and Unfamiliar,"

探寻隐藏的美国。

and it's comprised of nearly 70 images.

它由将近70幅照片组成。

In this context I'll just show you a few.

在今天的演讲里，我只能展示其中的一些。

This is a nuclear waste storage and encapsulation facility

这是一个存储、封装核废料的基地

at Hanford site in Washington State,

位于华盛顿州的汉福德，

where there are over 1,900

这里有超过1900个浸入于水中的

stainless steel capsules containing nuclear waste

不锈钢容器，

submerged in water.

它们盛有核废料。

A human standing in front of an unprotected capsule would die instantly.

如果一个人站在毫无任何保护措施的容器前，他将立刻死亡。

And I found one section amongst all of these

我发现其中的一部分

that actually resembled the outline

正好勾勒出了美国领土的轮廓。

of the United States of America,

正好勾勒出了美国领土的轮廓。

which you can see here.

你可以在这里看到。

And a big part of the work that is

在这样的情况下，

sort of absent in this context is text.

作品里缺失的，是文字。

So I create these two poles.

因此，我创建了两个部分：

Every image is accompanied with a very detailed factual text.

每幅图片都配有一段非常详尽的、确凿的文字说明。

And what I'm most interested in

而我最感兴趣的是，

is the invisible space between a text

存在于文字和对应图片之间的

and its accompanying image,

隐形的距离，

and how the image is transformed by the text

以及照片如何被转述为文字，

and the text by the image.

文字又如何由照片阐释。

So, at best, the image is meant to float away

所以，最理想的情况，照片也注定要转变为

into abstraction and multiple truths and fantasy.

抽象的概念、真相和想象。

And then the text functions as this cruel anchor

而文字则如同锐利的锚

that kind of nails it to the ground.

将这些漂浮的东西牢牢地按在地上。

But in this context I'm just going to read

今天时间有限，

an abridged version of those texts.

我只能读缩略的版本。

This is a cryopreservation unit,

这是一个冷冻保存单元

and it holds the bodies of the wife and mother

里面保存了人体冷冻法先驱

of cryonics pioneer Robert Ettinger,

罗伯特爱丁格的妻子和母亲的尸体。

who hoped to be awoken one day to extended life

罗伯特希望有一天能唤起并延续她们的生命，

in good health, with advancements in science and technology,

用先进的科学技术使她们重新获得健康。

all for the cost of 35 thousand dollars, for forever.

这项技术一次性收费35000美元。

This is a 21-year-old Palestinian woman

这是一个21岁的巴勒斯坦女性，

undergoing hymenoplasty.

她正在接受处女膜修复手术。

Hymenoplasty is a surgical procedure which restores the virginal state,

处女膜成形术是一项用来恢复处女之身的手术，

allowing her to adhere to certain cultural expectations

这使她能够满足特定的

regarding virginity and marriage.

贞洁观和婚姻观的要求。

So it essentially reconstructs a ruptured hymen,

这项手术基本上就是修复已经破裂的处女膜，

allowing her to bleed upon having sexual intercourse,

使得她能在性交的时候流血，

to simulate the loss of virginity.

来模拟失去贞操的过程。

This is a jury simulation deliberation room,

这是一个陪审团审理模拟房间，

and you can see beyond that two-way mirror

你可以看到在双向玻璃镜后面，

jury advisers standing in a room behind the mirror.

陪审团顾问站在镜子后的另一个房间里。

And they observe deliberations

在模拟审判后，

after mock trial proceedings

顾问们会观察审判的过程，

so that they can better advise their clients how to adjust their trial strategy

这样他们就能更好地为他们的客户提建议，告诉他们如何调整审判的策略，

to have the outcome that they're hoping for.

以达到他们所期望的结果。

This process costs 60,000 dollars.

这个过程需要60000美元。

This is a U.S. Customs and Border Protection room,

这是美国海关和边境保护局的一个房间，

a contraband room, at John F. Kennedy International Airport.

位于约翰肯尼迪机场，用来存放查处的走私品。

On that table you can see 48 hours' worth

在那张桌子上，你可以看到48小时之内

of seized goods from passengers entering in to the United States.

从入境美国的乘客身上搜查出的物品。

There is a pig's head and African cane rats.

这里有一个猪头和非洲蔗鼠

And part of my photographic work

我的摄影工作的一部分是，

is I'm not just documenting what's there.

我并不只是记录下那里有什么，

I do take certain liberties and intervene.

我还行使了一定的自由权力和介入。

And in this I really wanted it to resemble

在这幅照片中，

an early still-life painting,

我希望它看起来能像一副早期的静物画。

so I spent some time with the smells and items.

因此我花了一些时间来忍受其间的各种味道和奇怪的物品。

This is the exhibited art on the walls of the CIA

这是展示在美国中央情报局墙上的艺术品，

in Langley, Virginia, their original headquarters building.

位于弗吉尼亚州兰利，是中央情报局的最初的总部大楼。

And the CIA has had a long history

美国中央情报局无论在隐秘的，还是公开的文化外交努力上

with both covert and public cultural diplomacy efforts.

都具有悠久的历史。

And it's speculated that some of their interest in the arts

据推测，他们对于艺术的喜好

was designed to counter Soviet communism

是有意对抗苏联共产主义，

and promote what it considered to be pro-American

来推进他们所代表的先进的美国的

thoughts and aesthetics.

思想和审美。

And one of the art forms that elicited the interest of the agency,

其中一种艺术引起情报局的兴趣，

and had thus come under question, is abstract expressionism.

并因此引发争议的艺术形式，是抽象表达艺术。

This is the Forensic Anthropology Research Facility,

这是一个辨证人类学研究的场景。

and on a six acre plot

在一个6英亩的土地上，

there are approximately 75 cadavers at any given time

任一时间内都有大约75具尸体

that are being studied by forensic anthropologists

供辨证人类学家研究，

and researchers who are interested in monitoring

他们对观察尸体

a rate of corpse decomposition.

腐烂的速度很感兴趣。

And in this particular photograph the body of a young boy

在这幅图上，一个男孩的尸体

has been used to reenact a crime scene.

被用来再现一个犯罪的场景。

This is the only federally funded site

这是唯一一个联邦政府支持的

where it is legal to cultivate cannabis

合法制造大麻的地方。

for scientific research in the United States.

所制造的大麻用作全美范围内的相关科学研究。

It's a research crop marijuana grow room.

这是一个研究用大麻的种植房间。

And part of the work that I hope for

我的一部分工作的目的是，

is that there is a sort of disorienting entropy

因为现在存在一种令人迷失的信息混乱，

where you can't find any discernible formula in how these things --

你无法找到任何可识别的模式，

they sort of awkwardly jump from government to science

来解释这些东西是如何笨拙地从政府跳到科学

to religion to security --

又跳到宗教继而跳到安全领域——

and you can't completely understand

你根本无法完全理解

how information is being distributed.

信息是如何被传播开来的。

These are transatlantic submarine communication cables

这些是跨大西洋的水下通信电缆，

that travel across the floor of the Atlantic Ocean,

它们横跨了整个大西洋海底，

connecting North America to Europe.

将北美和欧洲联结起来。

They carry over 60 million simultaneous voice conversations,

它们同时传递着超过6千万个音频通话。

and in a lot of the government and technology sites

在许多政府和科技场所

there was just this very apparent vulnerability.

它们看起来非常地脆弱。

This one is almost humorous because it feels like I could

这一个近乎滑稽，因为看起来好像我只要

just snip all of that conversation in one easy cut.

轻轻一剪，就可以随时中断所有通话。

But stuff did feel like it could have been taken

但是工作人员们认为它已经启用了30或40年了，

30 or 40 years ago, like it was locked in the Cold War era

正如它在冷战时代就已经锁定，

and hadn't necessarily progressed.

必然没有改进。

This is a Braille edition of Playboy magazine.

这是一个盲文版本的《花花公子》杂志。

(Laughter)

（笑）

And this is ... a division of the Library of Congress

这是来自美国国会图书馆的一个部门

produces a free national library service

为盲人和视觉受损人士

for the blind and visually impaired,

提供的一项全国免费图书馆服务。

and the publications they choose to publish

他们对出版读物的选择

are based on reader popularity.

是基于读者群的分布。

And Playboy is always in the top few.

而《花花公子》总是遥遥领先的几个之一。

(Laughter)

（笑）

But you'd be surprised, they don't do the photographs. It's just the text.

但你一定会感到意外，他们并不刊印图片，只有文字。

(Laughter)

（笑）

This is an avian quarantine facility

这是一个鸟类检疫隔离装置。

where all imported birds coming into America

所有入境的鸟

are required to undergo a 30-day quarantine,

都需要进行30天的检疫隔离。

where they are tested for diseases

在这里，它们需要被检疫各种疾病，

including Exotic Newcastle Disease

包括稀有的新城病

and Avian Influenza.

和禽流感。

This film shows

这个短篇展现了

the testing of a new explosive fill on a warhead.

一个新的爆炸性核弹头测试。

And the Air Armament Center

位于佛罗里达州埃格林空军基地的

at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida

航空武器中心

is responsible for the deployment and testing

负责研发和测试

of all air-delivered weaponry

所有美国的空投武器。

coming from the United States.

所有美国的空投武器。

And the film was shot on 72 millimeter, government-issue film.

这个短篇是用官方制定的72厘米胶片拍摄的。

And that red dot is a marking on the government-issue film.

那个红点就是官方制定胶片上的标志。

All living white tigers in North America

所有生活在北美的白虎

are the result of selective inbreeding --

都是通过选择性近亲交配所繁殖的。

that would be mother to son,

这意味着母亲和儿子，

father to daughter, sister to brother --

父亲和女儿，姐妹和兄弟交配——

to allow for the genetic conditions

保证基因的条件

that create a salable white tiger.

能交配出能出售的白虎。

Meaning white fur, ice blue eyes, a pink nose.

这也就是要白色的皮毛，冰蓝色的眼睛和粉红的鼻子。

And the majority of these white tigers

而这些白虎中的大多数，

are not born in a salable state

都不能天生满足出售的条件，

and are killed at birth.

在出生时就被杀死了。

It's a very violent process that is little known.

这是一个鲜为人知的、非常残忍的过程。

And the white tiger is obviously celebrated in several forms of entertainment.

白虎在很多娱乐形式中都非常有名。

Kenny was born. He actually made it to adulthood.

肯尼出生并长到成年，

He has since passed away,

它已经过世了，

but was mentally retarded

但它智力发展迟缓

and suffers from severe bone abnormalities.

并有严重的骨头异常。

This, on a lighter note, is at

这个用淡色便签做成的东西，

George Lucas' personal archive.

是乔治卢卡斯的个人收藏。

This is the Death Star.

这是一个死去的星球。

And it's shown here in its true orientation.

展示的是它真实的方向。

In the context of "Star Wars: Return of the Jedi,"

在星球大战之绝地归来中，

its mirror image is presented.

展示了它的镜像图。

They flip the negative.

它们反响旋转。

And you can see the photoetched brass detailing,

你可以看到光刻黄铜的细节，

and the painted acrylic facade.

以及塑料表面上的图画。

In the context of the film,

在电影中，

this is a deep-space battle station of the Galactic Empire,

它是银河帝国的深空大战发生的地方，

capable of annihilating planets and civilizations,

能够消灭星球和文明。

and in reality it measures about four feet by two feet.

而在现实中，它只有大约四尺乘以两尺大小。

(Laughter)

（笑）

This is at Fort Campbell in Kentucky.

这是在肯塔基州的福特坎贝尔。

It's a Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain site.

这是一个“城市化地区”的军事行动

Essentially they've simulated a city

总体上，他们模拟了一个城市，

for urban combat,

来模拟城市的战斗。

and this is one of the structures that exists in that city.

而这是那个城市里的许多结构中的一个。

It's called the World Church of God.

它叫做“上帝的世界教堂”。

It's supposed to be a generic site of worship.

它本应是一个用作礼拜的普通教堂。

And after I took this photograph,

在我拍了这幅照片之后，

they constructed a wall around the World Church of God

他们在“上帝的世界教堂”周围筑起了一面墙，

to mimic the set-up of mosques in Afghanistan or Iraq.

来模仿在阿富汗或伊拉克建起的清真寺。

And I worked with Mehta Vihar

我与迈塔维亚，

who creates virtual simulations for the army

他为军队的战术训练

for tactical practice.

创建了这些模拟环境。

And we put that wall around the World Church of God,

我们在“上帝的世界教堂”周围筑起围墙，

and also used the characters and vehicles and explosions

并使用了人物、交通工具和爆炸效果，

that are offered in the video games for the army.

这些都是为制造军用电子游戏的提供的

And I put them into my photograph.

于是我把他们都装进了我的照片。

This is live HIV virus

这是在哈佛医学院拍摄的活的艾滋病病毒。

at Harvard Medical School, who is working with the U.S. Government

哈佛医学院正与美国政府合作，

to develop sterilizing immunity.

研制可以灭菌的免疫过程。

And Alhurra is a U.S. Government- sponsored

Alhurra是一个美国政府支助的

Arabic language television network

阿拉伯语电视网络。

that distributes news and information to over 22 countries in the Arab world.

它为阿拉伯世界超过22个国家提供新闻和信息。

It runs 24 hours a day, commercial free.

它每天运行24个小时，并且是免费的。

However, it's illegal to broadcast Alhurra within the United States.

然而，在美国境内播放Alhurra是违法的。

And in 2004, they developed a channel called Alhurra Iraq,

在2004年，他们开发了一个叫做"Alhurra 伊拉克"的频道，

which specifically deals with events occurring in Iraq

专门报道发生在伊拉克的事件，

and is broadcast to Iraq.

并对伊拉克播放。

Now I'm going to move on to another project I did.

现在，我要介绍我做的另一个项目。

It's titled "The Innocents."

名字叫做“无辜的人”。

And for the men in these photographs,

对于这些照片上的人来说，

photography had been used to create a fantasy.

摄影已经成为了制造幻想的工具。

Contradicting its function as evidence of a truth,

不仅仅反驳了事实，

in these instances it furthered the fabrication of a lie.

摄影在这些事例中更沦为编织谎言的工具。

I traveled across the United States

我穿越了整个美国，

photographing men and women who had been wrongfully convicted

拍摄那些被误判的人们，

of crimes they did not commit, violent crimes.

他们被迫承认他们并没有犯下的暴力罪行。

I investigate photography's ability to blur truth and fiction,

我调查了摄影混淆是非的能力，

and its influence on memory,

以及它对于记忆的影响。

which can lead to severe, even lethal consequences.

这样的影响可以导致非常严重，甚至致命的结果。

For the men in these photographs,

对于这些照片里的人，

the primary cause of their wrongful conviction

造成他们误判的主要原因，

was mistaken identification.

是错误的指认。

A victim or eyewitness identifies

一个目击者

a suspected perpetrator

通过法律强制使用的影像

through law enforcement's use of images.

来指认嫌疑犯。

But through exposure to composite sketches,

但看完混合草图、

Polaroids, mug shots and line-ups,

宝丽来一次成像、脸部图像和一排人的图像后，

eyewitness testimony can change.

目击者的证词可能会改变。

I'll give you an example from a case.

我将给你一个这样的例子。

A woman was raped and presented with a series of photographs

一个妇女被强奸了，而后警方给了她一系列的照片，

from which to identify her attacker.

要她从中指认出强奸她的人。

She saw some similarities in one of the photographs,

她对其中的一张照片有点眼熟，

but couldn't quite make a positive identification.

但并不能完全确定这个人就是罪犯。

Days later, she is presented with another photo array

几天后，

of all new photographs,

警方又给她一个新的照片系列。

except that one photograph that she had some draw to

不过第一列照片中只有之前她表示眼熟的照片，

from the earlier array is repeated in the second array.

重新出现在第二系列中。

And a positive identification is made

于是，她做出了一个十分肯定的指认，

because the photograph replaced the memory,

因为即使她真的有记忆，

if there ever was an actual memory.

照片也取代了记忆。

Photography offered the criminal justice system

于是，照片为犯罪裁决系统

a tool that transformed innocent citizens into criminals,

提供了一个能把无辜的人变成罪犯的工具。

and the criminal justice system failed to recognize the limitations

而犯罪裁决系统并不能意识到

of relying on photographic identifications.

倚靠照片来指认的缺陷。

Frederick Daye, who is photographed at his alibi location,

我为弗里德雷在这个由13名目击证人

where 13 witnesses placed him at the time of the crime.

指认他犯罪的地方照了这张照片。

He was convicted by an all-white jury

他被一个由白人组成的陪审团

of rape, kidnapping and vehicle theft.

宣判犯有强奸、绑架和盗窃车辆罪。

And he served 10 years of a life sentence.

他为此被判了10年的监禁。

Now DNA exonerated Frederick

现在，DNA洗清了弗里德雷的罪行，

and it also implicated another man

这还牵涉到另一个

who was serving time in prison.

彼时在监狱服刑的人。

But the victim refused to press charges

但是目击者拒绝为此负责，

because she claimed that law enforcement

她声称法律机关强制使用的弗里德雷的照片，

had permanently altered her memory through the use of Frederick's photograph.

已经永久性地修改了她的记忆。

Charles Fain was convicted of kidnapping, rape and murder

查尔斯 费恩被判有绑架、强奸和谋杀

of a young girl walking to school.

一名上学途中的女孩的罪名。

He served 18 years of a death sentence.

他为此被判死刑，服刑18年

I photographed him at the scene of the crime

我为他在爱达华的蛇河边照了相，

at the Snake River in Idaho.

这就是案件发生的地方。

And I photographed all of the wrongfully convicted

我为所有这些被误判的人们，

at sites that came to particular significance

在他们被误判的历史中十分重要的

in the history of their wrongful conviction.

地方拍了照片。

The scene of arrest, the scene of misidentification,

这些是指他们被逮捕的地方，他们被错误指认的地方，

the alibi location.

以及他们在案发当时所在的地方。

And here, the scene of the crime, it's this place

而这里——犯罪现场，

to which he's never been, but changed his life forever.

是他从来没有到过，却永远地改变了他的命运的地方。

So photographing there, I was hoping to highlight

所以，在那里照相，我希望能

the tenuous relationship between truth and fiction,

强调在他的生命，以及在照片中，

in both his life and in photography.

是非之间脆弱的关系。

Calvin Washington was convicted of capital murder.

凯文华盛顿被宣判犯有蓄意谋杀罪。

He served 13 years of a life sentence in Waco, Texas.

他在德州瓦克度过了13年的监禁岁月。

Larry Mayes, I photographed at the scene of arrest,

我为拉里梅在印第安纳州盖里拍了这张照片。

where he hid between two mattresses in Gary, Indiana,

这是他被捕的地方，当时就在这个房间里，藏在两个床垫之间，

in this very room to hide from the police.

躲避警察的抓捕。

He ended up serving 18 and a half years

他因强奸和抢劫罪，被判了80年监禁，

of an 80 year sentence for rape and robbery.

最后服刑18年半。

The victim failed to identify Larry

目击证人在两次排队照片中

in two live lineups

没有指认出拉里，

and then made a positive identification, days later,

却在几天之后从一系列照片中

from a photo array.

肯定了拉里是罪犯。

Larry Youngblood served eight years of a 10 and half year sentence

拉里杨伯德被判在一个嘉年华上

in Arizona for the abduction and repeated sodomizing

拐骗和鸡奸一名10岁男童罪

of a 10 year old boy at a carnival.

他在亚利桑那州服了10年监禁中的8年。

He is photographed at his alibi location.

他在案发当时他所在的地方照了相。

Ron Williamson. Ron was convicted of the rape and murder

罗威廉姆森被判强奸并杀害

of a barmaid at a club,

一名酒吧女服务员，

and served 11 years of a death sentence.

并被判死刑，服刑了11年。

I photographed Ron at a baseball field

我为罗在一个棒球场照了相，

because he had been drafted to the Oakland A's

因为就在他被判有罪之前，

to play professional baseball just before his conviction.

他刚刚加入奥克兰棒球队，准备开始职业棒球生涯。

And the state's key witness in Ron's case

而最后才证实，

was, in the end, the actual perpetrator.

罗的案子中最重要的目击证人，才是真正的罪犯。

Ronald Jones served eight years of a death sentence

罗纳德琼斯因强奸并杀害一名28岁女子

for rape and murder of a 28-year-old woman.

而被判死刑，服刑8年。

I photographed him at the scene of arrest in Chicago.

我为他在芝加哥被捕地点照了一张相。

William Gregory was convicted of rape and burglary.

威廉格里格雷被判为强奸和入室盗窃罪，监禁70年。

He served seven years of a 70 year sentence in Kentucky.

他在肯塔基州过了其中7年的牢狱生活。

Timothy Durham, who I photographed at his alibi location

我为蒂姆德伦在案发时他不在的地方照了相。

where 11 witnesses placed him at the time of the crime,

而11名目击证人指正他在这里犯下强奸和抢劫罪。

was convicted of 3.5 years

他因此被判3220年监禁，

of a 3220 year sentence,

服刑了3年半。

for several charges of rape and robbery.

服刑了3年半。

He had been misidentified by an 11-year-old victim.

他是被一名11岁的证人错误指认的。

Troy Webb is photographed here at the scene of the crime in Virginia.

卓伊韦伯在弗吉尼亚的犯罪现场被拍摄了这张照片。

He was convicted of rape, kidnapping and robbery,

他被判有强奸、绑架和抢劫罪，

and served seven years of a 47 year sentence.

在监狱里度过了47年刑罚中的7年。

Troy's picture was in a photo array

卓伊是在一系列照片中被证人指认的，

that the victim tentatively had some draw toward,

证人对这个指认并不十分确定，

but said he looked too old.

认为卓伊看起来太老了一点。

The police went and found a photograph of Troy Webb

于是警察就去找了一张卓伊

from four years earlier,

四年前的照片，

which they entered into a photo array days later,

几天后把它放进照片系列里，

and he was positively identified.

于是卓伊就被指认了。

Now I'm going to leave you with a self portrait.

现在，我要最后展示一个我的自拍照。

And it reiterates that distortion is a constant,

它继续说明了相片的失真是经常发生的，

and our eyes are easily deceived.

而我们的眼睛非常容易受到欺骗。

That's it. Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）